• Title/Summary/Keyword: 고중(高中)

Search Result 43, Processing Time 0.036 seconds

한국 가정과 교육과정의 현황과 과제

  • 윤인경
    • Proceedings of the KHEEA Conference
    • /
    • 2002.08a
    • /
    • pp.5-19
    • /
    • 2002
  • 재한국, 1995년제일차출대국가제정적가정과교육과정. 지후, 한국적가정과교육과정경마료7차적수정여개혁과정. 재차과정중, 가정과정불단지추극출신, 기과목명칭재변화, 필수자선 등 선과성질야재변화, 과치함축, 여기술과정합. 이차, 가정과변위남녀생공수적과목, 저취순응료사회발전적수요. 종한국적교육과정래간, 1년급도10년급시국민공용기본교육계단, 11년급도12년급시자선교육계단. 거차, 가정과교육과정적접배위여하 : 소학(5~6학년)위실과, 중학화고중(7~10학년)위"기술.가정", 고중(11~12학년)위"가전과학". 장종2003년개시실시적가정과과시안배위여하 : 소학각2과시, 7~12학년시각2.3.3.3과시, 11~12학년위6개등차. 최근, 청소년문제, 교육환경, 상시인성, 가정파양, 소비과잉, 학대아동, 등사회문제도근가정생활유착밀절적연계, 인차, 재반지교육중, 가정교육응수중시. 단시, 실제상병불시여차. 작위교육주체적교사화부모도몰유인식도저개실정. 인차, 가정학자여교사유심요주근지거연구가정교육. 우기시, 유필요근중국, 일본, 등저사아주국가호상교류화합작적과정중거탐색가정교육적안정발전. 하면파미래가정학육발전적방향건의여하 : 1) "가정" 과시이가정과위연구대상적가정학적독립적연구요영역. 가정경적연구감상시 "가정", 타이가정생활질량적제고위기연구목적. 인차, 재가정교육중, 과목적명칭명명위 "기술. 가정", "가정일반". "가사" 시부합리적. 이응위 "가정" 2) 가정교육웅사중시성각색적변환, 직업적인직변고적각도출발, 사소학도고중분개위필수화선수과, 유남녀생공수. 3) 가정과과시재축점축단. 도시유우교육과정적축단이인기적피면불료적현상. 단시고 여가정과시실천, 실험성과목응보장기최저적과시, 최기마필수유지현재적과시. 4) 향래, 한국적가정교육과정기이가정과위기본철학배경화리념, 우급시파국가교육과정적배경화이념, 가정학적발전동태반영재교육과정중, 즉강조즘요교. 단시, 경력료반복적변혁지후, 최근, 각중시즘양거배양학생적십 요 양적능력여가치. 인차, 가정교육파교육목라방재즘루거제고가정생활적질량, 즘루거호조화가정생활화직업생활, 즘양거개발합리지해결화실천가정생활적가치관. 5) 최근, 가정교육파교육방향화목라방재거배양학생작위독립적개인, 작위가족적성원, 작위사회성원래주인생도로적능력. 인차, 가정교육이인적생활위중심. 우거섭급학생재성장과정중소우도적문제,재거포괄재가정화사회생활중소우도적문제. 즉거배양해결가정생활중소우도적소유적 문종적종합능력. 6) 가정과재교학방법화교학평개상, 응채용실험, 실습, 관찰 등방식, 응반체험성, 실천성경험. 위차, 응필편기험적실험, 실습설비. 7) 확정교육과정편제적치후, 응제고일반교육학자적참여율, 가정교육학자응적극참여 제정교청정책적유관교육적각종위원회. 재제정정책적과정중각진소능, 적극제출건고성적의황. 8) 한, 중, 일 삼국권원층립가정교육과정도작사, 위삼국교육과정적량호발전주공헌.

  • PDF

The Effect of Irrigation Control and the Application of Soil Ameliorators on Rice Yield by the Irrigation of Livestock Waste Water (수도(水稻)의 축산폐수피해(畜産廢水被害)에 대(對)한 물관리(管理) 및 개량제(改良劑) 시용효과(施用效果))

  • Lee, Min-Hyo;Kim, Bok-Young;Kim, Kyu-Sik;Park, Young-Dae
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.123-129
    • /
    • 1987
  • In order to find out more effective countermeasures against growth damage of paddy rice due to the irrigation of livestock waste water, pot experiments were carried out in 1985 and 1986. Experiment I conducted in 1985 was to find out the effects of irrigation control and application of ameliorators to paddy soil with irrigation of animal waste water. Experiment II conducted in 1986 was to find out the amounts of wollastonite to be applied. The results obtained were as follows. Experiment I ; Rice yields were higher in the treatment of continuously submersion until harvest than in that of intermittent irrigation. The yield was also increased with the application of soil ameliorators and it showed higher increase in the treatment of zeolite and wollastonite. Nitrogen contents in plant were increased with the nitrogen application and more amounts of irrigation of waste water, but they were considerably decreased with the application of soil ameliorators. Experiment II ; Rice yields were increased with the application of wollastonite and the optimum level of wollastonite for maximum yield in condition of 3.0 g/pot of nitrogen application was belived to be 60g/pot. The increment of yield by the application of wollastinte was though to be due to increase of No. of grains per panicle and ripening ratio. Steriled neck occurred by rice disease such as rice blast was increased with increasing the amounts of nitrogen application and nitrogen contained in irrigated waste water but that was remarkably decreased with the application of wollastonite.

  • PDF

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Characters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Diallel Cross (이면교배(二面交配)에 의한 수도량적(水稻量的) 형질(形質)의 유전분석(遺傳分析)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Jo, Jae-seong
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
    • /
    • v.4 no.2
    • /
    • pp.254-282
    • /
    • 1977
  • To obtain information on the inheritance of the quantitative characters related with the vegetative and reproductive growth of rice, the $F_1$ seeds were obtained in 1974 from the all possible combinations of the diallel crosses among five leading rice varieties : Nongbaek, Tongil, Palgueng, Mangyeong and Gimmaze. The $F_1$'s including reciprocals and parents were grown under the standard cultivation method at Chungnam Provincial Office of Rural Development in 1975. The arrangement of experimental plots was randomized block design with 3 replications and 12 characters were used for the analysis. Analytical procedure for genetic components was followed the Griffing's and Hayman's methods and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In all $F_1$'s of Tongil crosses, the longer duration to heading was due to dominant effect of Tongil and each $F_1$ showed high heterosis in delaying the heading time. It was assumed that non-allelic gene action besides dominant gene effect might be involed in days to heading character. However, in all $F_1$'s from the crosses among parents excluding Tongil the shorter duration was due to dominant gene action and the degree of dominance was partial, since dominance effects were not greater than the additive effect. The non-allelic gene interaction was not significant. Considering the results mentioned above, it was regarded that there were two kinds of Significantly different genetic systems in the days to heading. 2. The rate of heterosis was significantly different depending upon the parents used in the crosses. For instance, the $F_1$'s from Togil cross showed high rate of heterosis in longer culm. Compared to short culm, longer culm was due to recesive gene action and short culm was due to recesive gene action. The dominant gene effect was greater than the additive gene effect in culm length. The narrow sense of heretability was very low and the maternal effects as well as reciprocal effects were significantly recognized. 3. The lenght of the of the uppermost internode of each $F_1$ plant was a little lorger than these of respective parental means or same as those of parents having long internodes, indicating partial dominance in the direction of lengthening the uppermost internodes. The additive gene effects on the uppermost internode was greater than the dominance gene effect. The narrow as well as broad sense of heritabilities for the character of the uppermost internode were very high. There were significant maternal and reciprocal effect in the uppermost internode. 4. The gene action for the flag leaf angle was rather dominance in a way of getting narrower angle. However, in the Palgueng combinations, heterosis of $F_1$ was observed in both narrow and wide angles of the flag leaf. The dominant effects were greater than the additive effects on the flag leaf angle. There were observed also a great deal of non-allelic gene interacticn on the inheritance of the flag leaf angle. 5. Even though the dominant gene action on the length and width of flag leaf was effective in increasing the length or width of the flag leaf, there were found various degrees of hetercsis depending upon the cross combination. Over-dominant gene effect were observed in the inheritance of length of the flag leaf, while additive gene effects was found in the inheritance of the width of the flag leaf. High degree of heretabilities, either narrow or broad sense, were found in both length and width of the flag leaf. No maternal and reciprocal effect were found in both characters. 6. When Tongil was used as one parent in the cross, the length of panicle of $F_1$'s was remarkedly longer than that of parents. In other cross comination, the length of panicle of $F_1$'s was close to the parental mean values. Rather greater dominent gene effect than additive gene effect was observed in the inheritance of panicle length and the dominant gene was effective in increasing the panicle length. 7. The effect of dominant genes was effective in increasing the number of panicles. The degree of heterosis was largely dependent on the cross combination. The effect of dominant gene in the inheritance of panicle number was a little greater than that of additive genes, and the inheritance of panicle number was assumed to be due to complete dominant gene effects. Significantly high maternal and reciprocal effects were found in the character studied. 8. There were minus and plus values of heterosis in the kernel number per panicle depending upon the cross combination. The mean dominant effect was effective in increasing the kernel number per panicle, the degree of dominant effect varied with cross combination. The dominant gene effect and non-allelic gene interaction were found in the inheritance of the kernel number per panicle. 9. Genetic studies were impossible for the maturing ratio, because of environmental effects such as hazards delaying heads. The dominant gene effect was responsible for improving the maturing ratio in all the cross combinations excluding Tongil 10. The heavier 1000 grain weight was due to dominant gene effects. The additive gene effects were greater than the dominant gene effect in the 1000 grain weight, indicating that partial dominance was responsible for increasing the 1000 grain weight. The heritabilites, either narrow or broad sense of, were high for the grain weight and maternal or reciprocal effects were not recognized. 11. When Tongil was used as parent, the straw weight was showing high heterosis in the direction of increasing the weight. But in other crosses, the straw weight of $F_1$'s was lower than those of parental mean values. The direction of dominant gene effect was plus or minus depending upon the cross combinations. The degree of dominance was also depending on the cross combination, and apparently high nonallelic gene interaction was observed.

  • PDF

Study on the Salt Tolerance of Rice and Other Crops in Reclaimed Soil Areas. -6. On the Effects of Increased N. P. K. Applications for Rice Plant in Reclaimed Salty Areas (간척지(干拓地)에서 수도(水稻) 및 기타작물(其他作物)의 내염성(耐鹽性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -6. 염분간척지(鹽分干拓地)에서 수도(水稻)에 대한 N, P, K,의 증비효과에 관(關)하여)

  • Im, H.B.
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.3 no.1
    • /
    • pp.35-41
    • /
    • 1970
  • The experiment was conducted at the salt concentration of 0.5% and 1% end of April, respectively, in low and high-salty and the non-salty areas of silt loam with the Nongkwang, rice variety. The factorial design with confounding blocks of 3 levels each of 10, 15 and 20 kg of N, 8, 12 and 16kg of phosphate and potash, respectively, per 10a was applied. 1. N applications increased by 1.5 and 2 times with the fixed amount of $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ (8kg/10a each) increased the proportion absorbed to the applications of N in both non salty and low-salty areas. It was observed that the absorption of Ca and Si was inhibited by either an increased treatment of N alone or combination with the other nutrients in the salty area. 2. In the non-salty area, an increased applications of standard amount of N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ respectively did not increased the yields. Doubling the application of $K_2O$ resulted in a decreased yield. 3. Applications of additional of 1.5 and 2 times the 10 kg of N per 10a increased the rice yields 12% and 21% respectively, in the low-salty area. An increased application of $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ failed to bring about an increased yield. 4. Increasing the application of N gave a significant increased in the yield of rice grain and 1.5 times of N applications were seemed profitable on the high-salty area. Although an increased applications $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ seemed to increase the yields of grain, no significant increase was observed. 5. An increased application of N increased the number of panicles up to 1.5 times the standard amount in the non-salty area, but no further increase resulted by doubling the application. The number of panicles was increased in proportion to the increased application of N in both low and high-salty areas. An increased application of $P_2O_5$ increase the number of panicles per unit area in each experimental plot while that of $K_2O$ had no effect but rather decreased the number. 6. The effect of an increased application of N decreased the weight of panicle in the non-salty area, but when the application was increased to 1.5 times or more an increased weight of panicle resulted in both salty areas. Doubling the application had approximately the same effect as 1.5 times the application. Increasing the applications of $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ had no effect on the panicle weight in the experimental plots. Increasing the applications of N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ did not effect the weight of 1,000 grains produced in the non-salty and salty areas. Increasing the application of N decreased the number of grains per panicle in the non-salty area but increased the number of grains per panicle in either salty areas. 7. The ratio of matured grains was highest in the low-salty area and the lowest in the high-salty area. An increased N applications decreased the ratio of matured grains in the non-salty area. No effect was observed in both low and high-salty areas. Increased the $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ application showed no effect on the ratio of matured grains in the experimental plots. 8. Increased applications of N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ was observed not to change the percentage of milling recovery in any experimental plots. Broken rice was increased equally by an increased application of N in the non-salty and salty areas but more remarkably so in the former. 9. Increased applications of N increased the straw production equally in the non-salty, low and high-salty areas. However, no increased production was observed from heavier applications of $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$. Additional N applications reduced the rate of rough grain weight v.s. straw weight in the non-salty area but increased the ratios in both low and high-salty areas. Additional $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ had no effect with the ratio.

  • PDF

Nitrogen Efficiency and its Relation to Various Physiological Characteristics among Rice Varieties (수도품종간(水稻品種間) 질소효율(窒素効率) 및 수종(數種) 생리적특성(生理的特性)과의 관계(關係))

  • Park, Hoon;Mok, Sung Kyun
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.8 no.2
    • /
    • pp.105-111
    • /
    • 1975
  • Nitrogen efficiency for grain yield(E) and its relation to grain yield(Y), harvesting index(HI), percent translocation of nitrogen from straw to grain(T), nitrogen uptake amount(N), concentration in grain (GN%) or straw (SN%) and total dry matter yield (TY) among rice varieties (Oryza sativa, old and new varieties) were investigated at four nitrogen nutritional status (high and low fertilizer levels in high and low fertility fields) by simple correlation analysis. Relation between any two of above parameters or total dry matter yield (TY) and nitrogen efficiency for total dry matter yield (TE) was also investigated. 1. E is significantly and positively correlated with T, Y, HI but negatively with SN%, N, GN% and in negative trend with TY. 2. T is significantly and positively with GN% or Y, but negatively with SN%. 3. TE is significantly and positively correlated with TY but negatively with N. 4. The order of E among varieties showed consistency among different nitrogen nutritional environments. 5. From the above facts it was concluded that high yielding varieties have high nitrogen efficiency due to high percent translocation of nitrogen from straw to grain, subsequent low nitrogen concentration in straw and that translocated nitrogen in grain is greatly diluted with photosynthates. 6. Reported physiological characteristics of newly bred high yielding IR lines are well accordance with their high nitrogen efficiency and rice breeding was a selection on the basis of nitrogen efficiency. 7. It is postulated that high nitrogen efficiency varieties for yields have high nitrogen efficiency for root growth in early stage so that uptake more efficient soil nitrogen in later growth stage.

  • PDF

Effects of the time, and the rate of potassium fertilization at nursery stage on the rooting activity in paddy rice plant (수도(水稻)의 발근(發根)에 미치는 묘대가리시용(苗垈加里施用)의 영향(影響))

  • Lee, E.W.;Lee, C.Y.;Kwon, Y.W.
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • v.9
    • /
    • pp.119-124
    • /
    • 1968
  • In order to learn the effect of timing and rate of potash fertilization in the rice plant nursery on the root growth and the vegetative growth of later stage a pot experiment was carried out employing 'Jaekun' a rice variety. Potassium Chloride was applied at the rate of $0{\sim}100g\;K_{2}O/3.3m^2$ right before, and 30 days after seeding. Forty-day old seedlings were transplanted three times successively at the one week intervals with the roots cut each time. Each subject was observed in rooting and other useful traits. A part of seedlings after the third root scission were cultured intact thereafter and the yield characters examined. The results were shown as: 1. The rate of sound seedlings was high in the case that a small amount of potassium was applied as the basic placement while the application of the fertilizer over $75g/3.3m^2$ (as $K_{2}O$) yielded a far less crops. 2. The plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, and grass weight increased as the amount of potassium was elevated. However, the application of $50g\;K_{2}O/3.3m^2$ in the basic placement and that of $75g\;K_{2}O/3.3m^2$ were the peaks over which the above mentioned characters were weakened. 3. As the amount of potassium was increased the increment in number of rooting was notable, especially when the scission of roots was repeated within the limit of $50{\sim}75g\;K_{2}O/3.3m^2$. 4. In the maximum root newly shooted length indicated was about the same tendency although no statistical significance was observed. 5. The plant height, number of tillers, and variation of weight between grass and root indicated a similar tendency as the number of root shoot. 6. The differences in number of ears, grain yield, and weight of straw between the treatments were not so great but showed somewhat similar trend as in the growth of transplanted plants. In the treatment-100g $K_{2}O/3.3m^2$ the yield (ears, grain and straw) decreased as in the non-fertilized.

  • PDF

Effect of Slaked Lime and Borax Application upon Yield and Yield Components of Paddy Rice (소석회 및 붕사의 시용이 수도의 수량 및 수량구성요소에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, D.S
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.10
    • /
    • pp.61-71
    • /
    • 1971
  • This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of slaked lime and borax on the Akiochi paddy field. The pot trial(slaked lime was treated 0, 6, 10, 15g and borax 0, 0.75, 1.5g per pot) and the field trial(slaked lime was treated 0, 100, 200kg and borax 0, 10, 30, 50kg per 10are) respectively. The results are summarized as fo11ows. I. Pot Trial: 1. In a heavy treated of borax, appeared chlorosis on whole leaves(bottom) in early growing stage, However, in about 25 days after transplanting, these chlorosis were disappeared gradually. And in proportion to close by maturity after the ear-heading, changed to dark brown color and rolled at the end of upper leaves, finally withered. At the same time the part of the end of grains was also colored to dark brown. 2. Slaked lime effected to increase the ti1lering, hence increased the number of ear, on the other hand, borax showed the tendency of repression the tillering, conversely. 3. Borax effected to hurried up to heading date of rice plant, to which borax had been the plot of B$_1$ to 3 days and B$_2$ to 5 days, hurried up than control respectively, regardless of the quantities of slaked lime application. 4. According to the application of borax, the length of culm were shortened, otherwise the length of panicle were longished, then no recognized the. independent effect of slaked lime. 5. The number of grains per panicle were seemed like increased by treatment of slaked lime, but the grain were decreased in the heavy treatment of slaked lime and borax. These phenomena were showed in ratio of maturity likely tendency as above. 6. In the 1, 000 grains weight of brown rice, in the case of slaked lime was almost no significant, otherwise by increase the application of borax, increased the weight of 1, 000 grains and the size of the grains was greater. 7. The weight of rough rice and straw were showed the same tendency as the number of grains and maturity ratio. particularly, showed the phenomenon of the reduction by the heavy application of borax. II. Field trial: 1. In a heavy treated of borax, appeared chlorosis in a early growing stage, according to close by maturiting date after the ear-heading changed to dark brown the end of upper leaves, finally dried. 2. Slaked lime application accelerated the growth and increased the number of ear, but borax showed the tendency of repression the tillering. 3. Borax effected to hurried up to heading date of rice plant, according to heavy treatment of borax quickened heading date for 4 to 5 days. 4. As a whole, culm length was repressed by borax treatment. 5. Borax application 10kg per 10are advanced progress the maturity, but in the case of above 30kg per 10are of borax showed the tendency obstruction the maturity. 6. The yield of rough rice and brown rice recognized the independent effect of slaked lime and borax, respectively. the yield was decreased by the abundant of borax.

  • PDF

Comparative Studies on the Constitution and Growth of Rice Plant between Japonica- and Tonsil-Type Cultivars under Different Fertilization - Part 1. Varietal Differences in the Response of the Planting Date and Fertilizer Level to the Yield ana Yield Components of Paddy Rice - (수도체(水稻體)의 형성(形成)과 발육상(發育相)에 대한 영양학적(營養學的) 비교연구(比較硏究) - 제1보. 시비수준(施肥水準)과 재배시기(裁培時期)의 차이(差異)가 수도(水稻)의 품종별(品種別) 수량(收量)및 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)에 미치는 영향 -)

  • Lim, Sun-Uk;Lee, Hong-Suk;Lee, Ke-Ho
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • v.22 no.3
    • /
    • pp.181-189
    • /
    • 1979
  • In order to establish fertilizing technique for the increase of grain yield and its stability, the total absorbed amount of nutrients and nutritional status of rice plants at different growth stages were studied with respect to the nutrient contents and its relation to grain yield and yield components. This experiment was carried at three different level of nitrogen fertilization; two different seeding and transplanting times, and eight cultivars including both Japonica-and Tongil-type. The results of a part of these experiments are summarized as fallows: 1. The culm length tended to Increase with increasing fertilizer amount, but no significant difference between ordinary and heavy fertilization was observed in Tongil-type cultivars. 2. The panicle length was some what longer in ordinary and heavy fertilization than non-fertilization. 3. As the N-fertilizer level increases, the number of panicles per plant increased with higher response in Japonica-type cultivars than in Tongil-type cultivars. 4. The number of grains per panicle increased significantly in ordinary and heavy fertilization, compared to non-fertilization, but the difference in grain number per panicle among fertilizer treatment was smaller in Japonica-type cultivars than Tongil-type. 5. The 1,000 grains weight showed no significant difference among fertilization levels in ordinary transplanting, but indicated gradual decreasing tendency as the transplanting delayed. 6. In percentage of ripeness, there was no significant difference in ordinary transplanting, but hightly significant in late transplanting among N-fertilization levels and cultivars. 7. In yield, highly significant difference was shown among N-fertilizer levels and cultivars In Tongil-type variety, higher yield was obtained in ordinary fertilization than heavy fertilization. 8. The straw weight showed the tendency to increase in higher nitrogen level, but no significant difference between ordinaly and heavy fertilization was observed in Tonsil-type cultivars.

  • PDF

Application Effects of Some Nitrogen Fertilizers Forms for the Growth and Yield of Rice Plant (몇가지 형태(形態)의 질소비료시비(窒素肥料施肥)가 수도(水稻)의 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Park, Chang Keu;Yuk, Chang Su;Cho, Gwang Dong
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.18 no.1
    • /
    • pp.78-88
    • /
    • 1985
  • Nitrogen fertilizer effectiveness on rice production was studied to evaluate the different forms and sources. Seven kind of nitrogen fertilizers were applied in two levels, 15 and 30 kg per 10a on Jinjubyeo (Japonica type) in silt loam paddy soil of pot cultivation. The results were summerized as follows; 1. pH in soils was decreased with enhancement of ammonium sulfate application in $NH_4-N$, but it was increased with times after nitric-acid application and PH change in soil was not remarkable when $NO_3-N$ with accessory component was applied. 2. $NH_4-N$ contents in soil were the lowest at 2 weeks after application in N 15kg/10a regardless of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer. $NO_3-N$, in N 30kg/10a, was decreased continuously until 4 weeks, while $NH_4-N$, Urea-N were at minimum during 2-3 weeks. 3. Growth of culm length and straw weight applied with AN (Ammonium Nitrate), AS (Ammonium Sulfate) and urea were superior to the form of nitrate. While NA (Nitric Acid), PN (Potassium Nitrate) and CN (Calcium Nitrate) plot of the $NO_3-N$ was the dominant fertilizers for root elongation. 4. Brown rice yields were increased dominantly by $NH_4-N$ application such as AS or AP than $NO_3-N$ pot. But the yields in case of $NO_3-N$ application CN, PN and NA were decreased. 5. N, P, Mg and Mn content of straw ranked the effectiveness of nitrogen forms as $NH_4-N$, Urea-N and $NH_4-N+NO_3-N$, while K, Ca and $SiO_2$ content of straw in $NO_3-N$ fertilizer plot were high while N, P, Mg, Mn, Fe and Mg were low. 6. Increament of nitrogen absorption in straw was stimulated by enhancement of phosphorous absorption and the growth and yield of rice plant were increased. Absorption of N, P, Ca and Mg was decreased by CN application. Absorption of N, P and Mg also was decreased by $NO_3-N$ application and N, P, Mg or Ca content were seemed to simulated the growth and yield of rice plant. 7. $SiO_2$, Zn and Fe contents of the root at harvest stage were higher than those of the straw. N, P, Mg, Mn, Zn and Fe contents were high in $NH_4-N$ and Urea treatment. While K, ca and $SiO_2$ contents, however, were high in $NO_3-N$ treatment.

  • PDF

Documentation of Intangible Cultural Heritage Using Motion Capture Technology Focusing on the documentation of Seungmu, Salpuri and Taepyeongmu (부록 3. 모션캡쳐를 이용한 무형문화재의 기록작성 - 국가지정 중요무형문화재 승무·살풀이·태평무를 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Weonmo;Go, Jungil;Kim, Yongsuk
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
    • /
    • v.39
    • /
    • pp.351-378
    • /
    • 2006
  • With the development of media, the methods for the documentation of intangible cultural heritage have been also developed and diversified. As well as the previous analogue ways of documentation, the have been recently applying new multi-media technologies focusing on digital pictures, sound sources, movies, etc. Among the new technologies, the documentation of intangible cultural heritage using the method of 'Motion Capture' has proved itself prominent especially in the fields that require three-dimensional documentation such as dances and performances. Motion Capture refers to the documentation technology which records the signals of the time varing positions derived from the sensors equipped on the surface of an object. It converts the signals from the sensors into digital data which can be plotted as points on the virtual coordinates of the computer and records the movement of the points during a certain period of time, as the object moves. It produces scientific data for the preservation of intangible cultural heritage, by displaying digital data which represents the virtual motion of a holder of an intangible cultural heritage. National Research Institute of Cultural Properties (NRICP) has been working on for the development of new documentation method for the Important Intangible Cultural Heritage designated by Korean government. This is to be done using 'motion capture' equipments which are also widely used for the computer graphics in movie or game industries. This project is designed to apply the motion capture technology for 3 years- from 2005 to 2007 - for 11 performances from 7 traditional dances of which body gestures have considerable values among the Important Intangible Cultural Heritage performances. This is to be supported by lottery funds. In 2005, the first year of the project, accumulated were data of single dances, such as Seungmu (monk's dance), Salpuri(a solo dance for spiritual cleansing dance), Taepyeongmu (dance of peace), which are relatively easy in terms of performing skills. In 2006, group dances, such as Jinju Geommu (Jinju sword dance), Seungjeonmu (dance for victory), Cheoyongmu (dance of Lord Cheoyong), etc., will be documented. In the last year of the project, 2007, education programme for comparative studies, analysis and transmission of intangible cultural heritage and three-dimensional contents for public service will be devised, based on the accumulated data, as well as the documentation of Hakyeonhwadae Habseolmu (crane dance combined with the lotus blossom dance). By describing the processes and results of motion capture documentation of Salpuri dance (Lee Mae-bang), Taepyeongmu (Kang seon-young) and Seungmu (Lee Mae-bang, Lee Ae-ju and Jung Jae-man) conducted in 2005, this report introduces a new approach for the documentation of intangible cultural heritage. During the first year of the project, two questions have been raised. First, how can we capture motions of a holder (dancer) without cutoffs during quite a long performance? After many times of tests, the motion capture system proved itself stable with continuous results. Second, how can we reproduce the accurate motion without the re-targeting process? The project re-created the most accurate motion of the dancer's gestures, applying the new technology to drew out the shape of the dancers's body digital data before the motion capture process for the first time in Korea. The accurate three-dimensional body models for four holders obtained by the body scanning enhanced the accuracy of the motion capture of the dance.