• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 한국표면공학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.31-32
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• 2003

In the Present study, the effect of galvannealing conditions on the phase distribution of the Zn-Fe intermetallic phases in the coating layer of the galvannealed steel sheets(GA) was investigated in an interstitial free steel and two kinds of high strength steels. The composition profiles of the coating layers were analyzed using AA and EDS analysis, and the distribution of the intermetallic phases was examined with the aids of X-ray diffraction. On the basis of the pole figure and OIM analyses, it was clarified that the preferred orientation of the $\zeta$ phase depended on the development of the $\gamma$-fibre texture in the substrate.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2024

A high strength steel sheet (HSSS) has widely used to improve the specific rigidity of parts and the safety of the passenger in automotive industries. However, the HSSS is difficult to manufacture precise parts through a forming process due to the reduced elongation and the increased elastic recovery. The goal of the paper is to investigate the improved design of bending dies for DP590 HSSS. The over forming type bending dies with cam systems added to the side of the formed part is proposed to improve the quality of the part. The effects of the die design and the forming parameter on formability and elastic recovery characteristics is examined using finite element analyses (FEAs). From the results of FEAs, proper die design and forming parameters are predicted.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.214-226
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• 1992

In this paper, the characteristics of fatigue crack growth in the spot welded joint of the same kinds of specimens($HS{\times}HS,\;GA{\times}GAB$) and different kinds of specimens($HS{\times}GA,\;HS{\times}GAB$) which consist of dual phase high strength steel(HS) and monogalvanized steel(GA) were examined with static tension tests and axial tension fatigue tests. Some of the important results are as follows : 1. The divergence of tensile strengths among the same and different kinds of spot welds under the same conditions is comparatively low regardless of the difference of stiffness. 2. At the low load bevel and long life legion, the fatigue crack is initiated near the nugget. However, in the high load level and short life region, it occurs a tittle far from the nugget. 3. It has shown a linear relation between maximum stress Intensity factor, Kmax and fatigue life, $N_f$ among each of the spot welds and has gathered in a narrow band on the log-log graph paper. $Kmax=H{\cdot}{N_f}^{P}$ where H and P are a material constant.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2465-2471
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• 2012

For the steel structures those are used in harsh sea environments, corrosion fatigue is a challenging issue in connection with design life. In this research, in order to investigate the influence of cathodic overprotection on the corrosion fatigue crack propagation behavior, corrosion fatigue crack propagation test under the condition of -950mV vs SCE was conducted by using of high tensile TMCP steel plate and the relationships between da/dN-${\Delta}K$ were obtained. At this test, when ${\Delta}K$ is low, the crack propagation rates were accelerated compared to those of seawater condition, however, when ${\Delta}K$ is high, the crack propagation rates were lower than those of seawater condition. As the cause for the acceleration and deceleration of corrosion fatigue crack propagation rates under the condition of cathodic overprotection, the role of hydrogen and calcareous deposits are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

The aim of this paper is to design the blank shape of SPFH 590 high strength steel for stamping of the center hinge of automotive via numerical analyses and experiments for multi-stages transfer forming process. Three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element analyses for the transfer forming process with six stages were performed using a commercial code AUTOFORM V4.2. The influence of the blank shape on the formability and the shape conformity were quantitatively examined through the FE analyses. From the results of the FE analysis, a feasible shape of the blank and the forming load were estimated. Stamping experiments were carried out using the proposed blank shape. The results of experiments were shown that the center hinge parts with the desired shapes can be manufactured successfully as the proposed blank shape is used. Through the comparison of the results of the experiments with those of the analyses, it was shown that the estimation of blank shape using the FE analysis is a proper methodology to create a feasible shape of the blank for the center hinge of automotive.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.58-58
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• 2009

선박의 선체부분인 선수, 선미 등을 이루고 있는 곡형 외판의 제작은 강판을 원하는 형상으로 성형하기 위하여 벤딩롤러 및 유압프레스를 이용한 냉간가공과 산소-프로판가스 화염을 적용한 선상가열, 삼각가열을 이용한 열간가공으로 크게 구분할 수 있다. 선상가열을 이용한 곡면가공의 원리는 가열토치를 이용하여 강판을 가열하면 가열부는 팽창하게 되고 냉각시에는 수축하게 된다. 이 때 두께방향으로의 소성변형으로 인한 수축량의 차이로 인해 굽혀지게 된다. 최근에는 선박이 고기능 및 대형화로 인해 3차원 곡형 외판 형상이 복잡해지고, 강도를 향상시키기 위하여 합금원소(C, Nb, V, Ti)를 첨가하거나 열처리(노말라이징)를 이용한 고장력강재인 중후판의 적용이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 고강도강재를 선상가열공정으로 제작한 곡형 외판재는 가열, 냉각의 열사이클로 인해 취화되어 인성이 저하 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 Normalizing 열처리재인 490MPa급 강재를 이용하여, 현장에서 작업자의 미숙련으로 인해 발생 할 수 있는 최대의 가혹한 조건과 재질에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 범위를 선정하여 선상가열시의 가열, 냉각조건에 따른 강재의 재질특성을 조사하고자 한다. 이를 위해 가열시 가열부위의 정확한 온도 측정에 역점을 두었으며, 각각 다른 선상가열 조건에 따른 시편을 제작하기 위하여 선상가열 실험장치를 제작하였다. 선상가열 실험 결과 최고가열온도 $1300^{\circ}C,\;950^{\circ}C$에서 수냉 조건인 경우 급격한 인성저하 현상이 발생하며 비록 공냉이라 하더라도 결정립 조대화로 인성 저하가 발생하였다. $800^{\circ}C$가열 후 수냉개시온도를 $700^{\circ}C$이하로 수냉한 경우에는 인성 저하 현상이 개선되고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2012

The joint of existing steel grid composite deck is composed of lap splice of reinforcing bar with end hooks and field-placed concrete. In this study, bending tests of deck joint composed of concrete shear key and high tension bolts are carried out for the design variable, concrete shear key strengthened with steel plate or not, and test results are compared with flexural performance of the existing deck joint. Test results showed that the mechanical deck joint has about 30% ~ 60% more ultimate bending strength than the existing joint. According to analysis results of moment-curvature relationship, the initial bending stiffness of the existing deck joint is some higher than that of mechanical joint. But, after crack failure the structural performance of the existing deck joint is rapidly reduced. Furthermore, the deck joint with the strengthened shear key with steel plate has more bending moment capacity than the deck joint without strengthening. And strengthening of shear key has positive influence on the increase of bending stiffness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5290-5298
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• 2013

In order to apply a mechanical deck joint to the prefabricated steel grid composite decks, shear resistance of a joint composed of concrete shear key and high-tension bolt is experimentally evaluated by the push-out test. Shear resistance evaluated by the test is compared with resistance estimated by empirical and design equations based on the shear friction theory. Test results show that joint specimens bonded by epoxy have about 10% more shear resistance than specimens with strengthened shear key by steel plates, but in the case of specimens with strengthened shear key there is smaller resistance deviation than specimens bonded by epoxy. In comparison with resistances estimated by empirical and design equations, the deck joint can be safely designed. But because the existed shear resistance of deck joint is underestimated by the ACI-318, application of the LRFD design equation could be more reasonable.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.717-726
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• 2006

Traditional external post-tensioning method using either steel bars or tendons is commonly used as a retrofitting method for steel composite bridges. However, the method has some disadvantages such as stress concentration at anchorages and inefficient load-carrying capability of live loads. Multi-stepwise prestressing method using thermal expanded coverplate is a newly proposed prestressing method, which was originally developed for prestressing steel structures. A new retrofitting method for steel girder bridges founded on a simple concept of thermal expansion and contraction of cover plate, the method is a hybrid of and combines the advantages of external post-tensioning and thermal prestressing. In this paper, basic concepts of the method are presented and an illustrative experiment is introduced. From actual experimental data, the thermal prestressing effect was substantiated and the FEM approach for its analysis was verified. The retrofitting effects ofa single-span bridge were analyzed and the feasibility of the developed method was examined.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2009

The objective of this paper is to design stamping die of inner reinforcement panel with DL 950 advanced high strength steel as stamping materials through numerical analyses and experiments. The stamping process was designed as bending dominant process consisting of 1 step of notching and 4 steps of bending processes. In order to obtain a proper design of the stamping die, various three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element analyses were performed using a commercial code AUTOFORM V4.2. Design parameter of stamping die was chosen as the corner radius of the stamping die for each step. From the results of the FE analysis, feasible corner radii of the stamping die, which can minimize the deviation of corner angle of the stamped part from design data, and forming load for each part were estimated. Stamping experiments were carried out using the manufactured stamping die according to the proposed die design. The results of experiments were shown that the stamping die can successfully manufacture the inner reinforcement panel with DL 950 advanced high strength steel as base stamping material.