• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.263-269
• /
• 2013

In this study, the strain based monitoring method to evaluate the lateral structural response of buildings is presented and an applicability of the proposed method is confirmed through the numerical study. It is assumed that the fiber Bragg grating(FBG) strain sensor is employed to measure the strain response of members due to the excellent properties such as multiplexing, and higher sampling frequency. These properties of FBG sensors is proper for buildings the a lot of sensors are required to monitor the reponses of those. FBG sensors measure the strain response of vertical members and are employed to calculate the curvatures of members using the measured strain responses. Then the lateral displacement, and lateral acceleration is evaluated based on the curvatures of vertical members. Additionally, these dynamic responses of buildings are used to evaluate the dynamic properties of buildings such as the natural frequencies and mode shapes using the frequency domain decomposition(FDD) method. Through the application of nine-story steel moment frame example structure, it is confirmed that the proposed method is appropriate to evaluate the lateral structural responses and dynamic properties of buildings.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.285-295
• /
• 2020

In the case of small observation towers located at sea, it is necessary to confirm the change in dynamic characteristics due to the influence of environmental loads. In this study, the dynamic characteristics were analyzed and the numerical analysis model was designed through field dynamic response measurement on the Mangyeong Offshore Observation Tower (Mangyeong Tower) located near the Saemangeum Embankment. As a result of the measurement, the natural frequency was found to increase slowly as the tide level is lowered. In addition, it was confirmed that the same mode has two frequencies, which was judged to be a phenomenon in which the natural frequency was partially increased when the pile and the ground contacted by scouring. For numerical analysis, the upper mass, artificial fixity point, scour depth and fluid influences are reflected in the structural characteristics of the Mangyeong Tower. In addition, the model updating from the estimated natural frequency and pattern search algorithm was performed. From the model updating, it is expected that it can be applied to future studies on stability of Mangyeong Tower.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.429-438
• /
• 1994

Three-dimensional analyses of multistory structures with wings using finite element models require tedious input data preparation, longer computation time. and larger computer memory. So this study lays emphasis on the development of efficient analysis models for a three-dimensional multistory structure with wings, including in-plane deformation of floor slabs. Since a three-dimensional multistory structure with wings is regarded as a combination of wing structures and their junction in this study, the proposed analysis models are easily applicable to multistory structures with plans in the shape of letters Y, U, H, etc. Dynamic analyses results obtained using proposed models are in excellent agreement to those acquired using three-dimensional finite element models in terms of natural vibration periods, mode shapes and displacement time history.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 2015

The finite element (FE) model updating is a commonly used approach in civil engineering, enabling damage detection, design verification, and load capacity identification. In the FE model updating, acceleration responses are generally employed to determine modal properties of a structure, which are subsequently used to update the initial FE model. While the acceleration-based model updating has been successful in finding better approximations of the physical systems including material and sectional properties, the boundary conditions have been considered yet to be difficult to accurately estimate as the acceleration responses only correspond to translational degree-of-freedoms (DOF). Recent advancement in the sensor technology has enabled low-cost, high-precision gyroscopes that can be adopted in the FE model updating to provide angular information of a structure. This study proposes a FE model updating strategy based on data fusion of acceleration and angular velocity. The usage of both acceleration and angular velocity gives richer information than the sole use of acceleration, allowing the enhanced performance particularly in determining the boundary conditions. A numerical simulation on a simply supported beam is presented to demonstrate the proposed FE model updating approach.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2011

In this study, an optimization method using multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA) has been proposed to develop a fuzzy control algorithm that can effectively control a smart tuned mass damper(TMD). A 76-story benchmark building subjected to wind load was selected as an example structure. The smart TMD consists of 100kN MR damper and the natural period of the smart TMD was tuned to the first mode natural period of the example structure. Damping force of MR damper is controlled to reduce the wind-induced responses of the example structure by a fuzzy logic controller. Two input variables of the fuzzy logic controller are the acceleration of 75th floor and the displacement of the smart TMD and the output variable is the command voltage sent to MR damper. Multi-objective genetic algorithm(NSGA-II) was used for optimization of the fuzzy logic controller and the acceleration of 75th story and the displacement of the smart TMD were used as objective function. After optimization, a series of fuzzy logic controllers which could appropriately reduce both wind responses of the building and smart TMD were obtained. Based on numerical results, it has been shown that the control performance of the smart TMD is much better than that of the passive TMD and it is even better than that of the sample active TMD in some cases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.208-208
• /
• 2009

최근 광섬유 센서기술의 수요는 전 산업분야에 걸쳐 높아지고 있으며, 이에 비례하여 기업 간, 국가 간 경쟁이 첨예화되고 있다. 또한 소형화, 경량화, 고성능화 센서에 대한 요구도 높아지고 있어 종래의 각종 센서들의 형태와 개선을 위한 연구개발이 매우 활발하게 전개되고 있으므로 이를 대체할 수 있는 광섬유 센서의 수요가 급격히 늘어날 전망이다. 기존 침입자 감지 시스템은 태풍, 낙뢰, 폭설, 폭우 등의 기상변화나 지반 흔들림, 통행차량 진동 및 전자기 간섭 등에 영향을 받아 오작동, 오경보가 빈번히 발생된다. 이러한 문제의 해결책으로 광섬유 센서 케이블을 이용한 시스템이 대안으로 부각되고 있다. 현재 국내에서 군부대, 공항을 중심으로 펜스와 휴전선 철책에 힘입자 감지를 위하여 도입되고 있다. 광섬유 센서 케이블을 사용하는 광망경비시스템은 광섬유 센서 케이블을 그물망 형태(광망)로 만들어 경계 지역에 설치된다. 광망경비시스템의 원리는 광섬유에 광펄스를 입사시켜 순환시키는데 침입자가 광망을 절단하거나 외력을 가할 경우 발생되는 레일리 산란에 기인하는 후방산란과 접속점과 파단점에서 생기는 반사광을 OTDR(Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)로 검출하여 침입상황 및 침입위치를 탐지한다. 그러나 이러한 침입자 감지를 위한 광망경비시스템의 핵심부품인 광섬유 센서 케이블은 기존에 전량 해외수입에 의존하고 있는 실정이며, 지금까지 국내에서 생산하기 위한 제작 기술과 노하우가 초보단계에 머물러 있다. 이러한 광섬유 센서 케이블 제작에 있어서 중요한 부분이 패키징 기술이라 할 수 있다. 이는 광섬유 센서를 일반적인 피복 구조로 패키징하게 되면, 센서 고유의 특성이 패키징 과정과 운반과정, 포설과정에서 변하게 되고 센서로써의 신뢰성이 크게 저하된다. 본 연구에서는 힘입자 감지용 광섬유 센서 케이블의 설계와 제작을 위한 제조공법을 확립하고, 이를 이용해 제작된 광섬유 센서 케이블의 신뢰성 특성을 평가하였다. 설계 제작된 광섬유 센서 케이블의 구조는 멀티모드광섬유(MMF) 에 0.9 mm Tight buffer를 코팅하고, 광심선 주위에 아라미드 얀을 삽입시킨 후 고문자 수지를 적용하여 외부 피복 (jacket)을 하였다. 제작된 광섬유 센서 케이블의 외경 측정결과 기준치 ($2.95\;{\pm}\;0.03$ mm)를 모두 만족하였고, 850 nm 파장에서의 광 손실 측정 결과 4.0 dB/km 이하였다. 또한 주요 항목의 신뢰성 특성 시험결과, 인장강도는 8~10 kg의 인장력을 갖으며 온도순환시험 ($-30^{\circ}C\;{\sim}\;+75^{\circ}C$)에서의 광 손실은 0.6 dB 이하로 나타나 침입자 감지용 광섬유 센서 케이블로 적합함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.1A
• /
• pp.135-146
• /
• 2008

In this paper, a hybrid damage monitoring scheme for prestressed concrete (PSC) girder bridges by using sequential acceleration and impedance signatures is newly proposed. Damage types of interest include prestress-loss in tendon and flexural stiffness-loss in a concrete girder. The hybrid scheme mainly consists of three sequential phases: damage alarming, damage classification, and damage estimation. In the first phase, the global occurrence of damage is alarmed by monitoring changes in acceleration features. In the second phase, the type of damage is classified into either prestress-loss or flexural stiffness-loss by recognizing patterns of impedance features. In the third phase, the location and the extent of damage are estimated by using two different ways: a mode shape-based damage detection to detect flexural stiffness-loss and a natural frequency-based prestress prediction to identify prestress-loss. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is evaluated on a laboratory-scaled PSC girder model for which hybrid vibration-impedance signatures were measured for several damage scenarios of prestress-loss and flexural stiffness-loss.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.47 no.10
• /
• pp.738-746
• /
• 2019

Instead of hydraulic actuation systems, an electromechanical actuation system is more efficient in terms of weight, cost, and test evaluation in the thrust vector control of the 7-ton gimbal engine used in the Korea Space Launch Vehicle-II(KSLV-II) $3^{rd}$ stage. The electromechanical actuator is a kind of servo actuator with position feedback and uses a BLDC motor that can operate at high vacuum. In the case of the gimballed rocket engine, a synthetic resonance phenomenon may occur due to a combination of a vibration mode of the actuator itself, a bending mode of the launcher structure, and an inertial load of the gimbals engine. When the synthetic resonance occurs, the control of the rocket attitude becomes unstable. Therefore, the requirements for the stiffness have been applied in consideration of the gimbal engine characteristics, the support structure, and the actuating system. For the 7-ton gimbal engine of the KSLV-II $3^{rd}$ stage, the stiffness requirement of the actuation system is $3.94{\times}10^7N/m$, and the direct drive type electromechanical actuator is designed to satisfy this requirement. In this paper, an equivalent stiffness analysis model of a direct drive electromechanical actuator designed based on the stiffness requirements is proposed and verified by experimental results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.43 no.8
• /
• pp.699-705
• /
• 2015

Aircraft needs high lift-to-drag ratio and weight reduction of the structure for long endurance flight with a small power. Generally high aspect ratio wing is applied to HALE(High Altitude Long Endurance) aircraft. Also high modulus, and high strength CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) has been used in primary structures. and thin mylar(membrane material) film has been applied to skin of wing. As a result, wing is more flexible than the other structures. and the stiffness of thin mylar film has an affect on dynamic stability. In this study, the membrane characteristic of mylar film has been simulated using nonlinear gap elements. And equivalent modeling method using shell elements is presented using the nonlinear simulation result. The linear equivalent model has verified using the results of nonlinear membrane method. Proposed linear equivalent shell model has applied to mode analysis for estimate the effect of mylar mechanical properties on natural frequency.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.32 no.1A
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2012

Along with the development of coasts, islands and mountains, the demand of long-span bridges increases which, in turn, brings forth the construction of cable-supported bridges like suspension and cable-stayed bridges. There are various types of statically indeterminate structures widely applied that supported the main girder with stay cables, main cables, hanger cables with aesthetic structural appearance. As to the cable-supported bridges, the health monitoring of a bridge can be identified by measuring tension force on cable repeatedly. The tension force on cable is measured either by direct measurement of stress of cable using load cell or hydraulic jack, or by vibration method estimating tension force using cable shape and measured dynamic characteristics. In this study, a method to estimate dynamic characteristics of hanger cables by using a digital image processing is suggested. Digital images are acquired by a portable digital camcorder, which is the sensor to remotely measure dynamic responses considering convenient and economical aspects for use. A digital image correlation(DIC) technique is applied for digital image processing, and an image transform function(ITF) to correct the geometric distortion induced from the deformed images is used to estimate subpixel. And, the correction of motion of vision-based measurement system using a fixed object in an image without installing additional sensor can be enhanced the resolution of dynamic responses and modal frequencies of hanger cables.