• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.159-176
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• 2000

본 연구는 남한강 상류의 소지류인 쌍천 유역에 발달한 하성단구의 퇴적물을 모재로 발달한 토양 특성을 조사.분석하였다. 중위 단구의 A1층은 갈색(10YR 4/3)의 미사질토양이고 발달도가 낮은 입상구조이며 B1층은 황갈색(10YR 5/8)의 사질식양토로 아각괴상구조이다. 고위단구의 A1층은 옅은 적갈색(5YR 4/3)의 미사질양토 내지 황갈색(10YR 5/8)의 미사질식토로 발달도가 낮은 아각괴상구조이다. B1층은 적색(2.5YR 3/6)의 사질식토 내지 밝은 적갈색(2.5YR 4/6)의 식양토로 발달도가 양호한 아각괴상구조이다. 고위단구 퇴적층을 모재로 발달한 토양의 구조는 중정도의아각괴상구조이고 조직이 치밀하다. 토양은 A1층, B1층,B2층으로 되어 있으며 또한 B층은 점토가 집적되어 있고 점토 피막이 나타난다. 쌍천의 중위단구상에 발달한 토양은 황갈색토이고 고위 단구상의 토양은 적색토이다. 고위단구 퇴적물을 모재로 발달한 본 적색토는 생성시가가 민델-리스 간빙기의 이전에 생성된 것으로 현재보다 온난한 생물-기후 조건하에서 탈규산화를 동반하는 적색토화작용에 의해 형성된 것으로 추정된다. 고위단구에 발달한 적색토는 토양단면의 형태적 및 물리 화학적인 특성등으로 보아 고적색토로 분류된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 1960

고위생산답(高位生産畓) 22개(個)와 매년(每年) 호마엽고병(胡麻葉枯病)을 발생(發生)시키는 저위생산답(低位生産畓) 18개토양(個土壤)을 분석(分析)하고 활성철(活性鐵)과 열염산(熱鹽酸)에 녹는 철(鐵)의 분포상태(分布狀態)를 조사(調査)하였으며 그 결과(結果)는 아래와 같다. 1. 작토중(作土中)의 활성철(活性鐵)의 함량(含量)과 청취(聽取)한 정조수량간(正粗收量間)에는 밀접(密接)한 정상관(正相關) (${\gamma}=0.68$, 고등(高等)의 유의성(有意性)이 있음)이 있다. 2. 고위생산답(高位生産畓) 토양(土壤)의 활성철(活性鐵) 및 열염산가용철(熱鹽酸可溶鐵)은 저위생산답(低位生産畓) 토양(土壤)에서의 그것보다 현저(顯著)히 많았으며 각(各) 토양별(土壤別) I 층(層)의 그 평균함량(平均含量)과 열염산가용철(熱鹽酸可溶鐵)에 대(對)한 활성철(活性鐵)의 비율(比率)은 아래와 같다. 고위생산답(高位生産畓) 조사점수(調査點數) 활성철(活性鐵)% 활성철(活性鐵)/염산가용철(鹽酸可溶鐵) 잔적토(殘積土) 6 1.313 0.374 하성토(河成土) 9 1.334 0.335 해성토(海成土) 5 1.120 0.382 평균(平均) 20 1.224 0.359 저위생산답(低位生産畓) 조사점수(調査點數) 활성철(活性鐵)% 활성철(活性鐵)/염산가용철(鹽酸可溶鐵) 잔적토(殘積土) 5 1.15 0.370 하성토(河成土) 8 0.472 0.191 해성토(海成土) 5 1.068 0.362 평균(平均) 18 0.808 0.288 그러나 표(表)에서와 같이 잔적토(殘積土) 저위생산답(低位生産畓) 각층(各層)의 철(鐵)은 고위생산답(高位生産畓)에서 보다 낮지 않았다. 3. 해수(海水)의 영향(影響)을 받지 않은 고위생산답(高位生産畓)에서는 표층토(表層土)의 세탈(洗脫)이 적었으나 동(同) 저위생산답(低位生産畓) 및 해성토(海成土)에서는 그 세탈(洗脫)이 크고 동세탈물(同洗脫物)은 심층(心層)에 집적(集積)되여 있다. 4. 해성토(海成土)에서는 고위생산답(高位生産畓)이나 저위생산답(低位生産畓)을 막론(莫論)하고 집적층직하(集積層直下)에 활성철량(活性鐵量)이 심(甚)히 적은 층(層)이 있다. 그리고 집적층(集積層)은 고위생산답(高位生産畓)에서는 II-III층(層)(지표면(地表面)으로부터 60cm이내(以內))에 저위생산답(低位生産畓)에서는 I-II층(層)(지표면(地表面)으로부터 대개(大槪) 30cm이내(以內))에 위치(位置)한다. 5. 같은 고위생산답(高位生産畓) 및 저위생산답(低位生産畓)에서는 토성간(土性間)의 활성철함량(活性鐵含量)에 큰 차이(差異)가 없다. 6. 내산씨(內山氏)의 4개(個)기본(基本)토양형별(土壤型別)로는 동일(同一)토양형((土壤型)이라도 고위(高位) 저위생산답별(低位生産畓別)로 활성철(活性鐵)의 함량(含量)에는 차이(差異)가 크다.

• 정보화사회
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• s.179
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• pp.2-3
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• 2006

소프트웨어 분야는 2~3년을 손해 보더라도 신뢰감을 쌓는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 원하는 비즈니스를 지속적으로 보여줘야지 고위층 인사와의 친분 등 '과시'만으로 비즈니스가 되는 건 아니다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.321-331
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• 2021

This study sought to analyze factors influencing high-risk drinking in single-person households. For this, data from the 2018 community health survey were used. Subjects were 32,389 adults above the age of 19 in single-person households. For the data analysis, high-risk drinking groups were extracted according to the high-risk drinking rate index of the survey to arrive at influencing factors and differences in health-related and sociodemographic characteristics. The IBM SPSS 25.0 software was used for analysis and a complex sampling design was applied. The results showed that the high-risk drinking rate of Korea's single-person households was 15.0% (male: 25.8%, female: 5.8%) and age, education under high school level, service-industry employees, smokers, people with depression, high blood pressure, and irregular breakfast eaters appeared as common elements for both genders. Stress appeared to only affect males while being diabetic only affected females. High-risk drinking was higher for males in their 30~40s and women in their 20~30s. The younger generation showed the highest numbers in high-risk drinking and factors like stress or depression appeared to be influencing factors for high-risk drinking. Hence, mental health programs along with customized health policies through health forms and lifestyle changes will be required to lower the high-risk drinking rates of single-person households.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.185-215
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• 2014

Since North Korea has used terror crime as a means of unification under communism against South Korea, South Korea has been much damaged until now. And the occurrence possibility of terror crime by North Korean authority is now higher than any other time. The North Korean terror crimes of Kim Il Sung era had been committed by the dictator's instruction with the object of securing governing fund. However, looking at the terror crimes committed for decades during Kim Jung Il authority, it is revealed that these terror crimes are expressed as a criminal behavior because of the conflict to accomplish the power and economic advantage non powerful groups target. This study focused on the power conflict in various causes of terror crimes by applying George B. Vold(1958)'s theory which explained power conflict between groups became a factor of crime, and found the aspect by ages of terror crime behavior by North Korean authority and responding plan to future North Korean terror crime. North Korean authority high-ranking officials were the Labor Party focusing on Juche Idea for decades in Kim Il Sung time. Afterwards, high-ranking officials were formed focusing on military authorities following Military First Policy at the beginning of Kim Jung Il authority, rapid power change has been done for recent 10 years. To arrange the aspect by times of terror crime following this power change, alienated party executives following the support of positive military first authority by Kim Jung Il after 1995 could not object to forcible terror crime behavior of military authority, and 1st, 2nd Yeongpyeong maritime war which happened this time was propelled by military first authority to show the power of military authority. After 2006, conservative party union enforced censorship and inspection on the trade business and foreign currency-earning of military authority while executing drastic purge. The shooting on Keumkangsan tourists that happened this time was a forcible terror crime by military authority following the pressure of conservative party. After October, 2008, first military reign union executed the launch of Gwanmyungsung No.2 long-range missile, second nuclear test, Daechung marine war, and Cheonanham attacking terror in order to highlight the importance and role of military authority. After September 2010, new reign union went through severe competition between new military authority and new mainstream and new military authority at this time executed highly professionalized terror crime such as cyber/electronic terror unlike past military authority. After July 2012, ICBM test launch, third nuclear test, cyber terror on Cheongwadae homepage of new mainstream association was the intention of Km Jung Eun to display his ability and check and adjust the power of party/military/cabinet/ public security organ, and he can attempt the unexpected terror crime in the future. North Korean terror crime has continued since 1980s when Kim Jung Il's power succession was carried out, and the power aspect by times has rapidly changed since 1994 when Kim Il Sung died and the terror crime became intense following the power combat between high-ranking officials and power conflict for right robbery. Now South Korea should install the specialized department which synthesizes and analyzes the information on North Korean high-ranking officials and reinforce the comprehensive information-collecting system through the protection and management of North Korean defectors and secret agents in order to determine the cause of North Korean terror crime and respond to it. And South Korea should participate positively in the international collaboration related to North Korean terror and make direct efforts to attract the international agreement to build the international cooperation for the response to North Korean terror crime. Also, we should try more to arrange the realistic countermeasure against North Korean cyber/electronic terror which was more diversified with the expertise terror escaping from existing forcible terror through enactment/revision of law related to cyber terror crime, organizing relevant institute and budget, training professional manpower, and technical development.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.828-835
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to clarify the landform development of fluvial terrace and the soil characteristics occurring on the terrace deposit. In order to achieve the purpose, the characteristics of soil profiles, the physic-chemical properties of soils that are developed on terrace deposits and X-ray diffraction analysis of clay were investigated. The horizon of Al in the high fluvial surface is silt clay loam of red (2YR 4/6). The soil structure is a developed granular structure. The horizon of B1 is silt clay reddish-brown (2.5YR 4/6). The soil structure is a medium subangular blocky structure. This red soil structure is made on heavy textured and compactly packed parent materials of high terrace sediments and usually has A-B-C profile. In most cases, clay accumulations in B-horizon and clay cutans on ped surfaces are observed, which mean the formation of agrillic horizon. As the result of this study, soils derived from fluvial terrace deposits on high fluvial surfaces are considered paleo-red soil which were developed by pedogenese-strong desilicification and rubefaction and strong leaching of bases- under warmer bio-climatic condition during in the old Pleistocene period.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.548-556
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relict landform development of fluvial terrace and the soil characteristics occurring on the fluvial deposits. The physico-chemical properties of soil that are developed on terrace deposits and X-ray diffraction analysis of clay were investigated specifically. The horizon of $A_1$ consists of silt loam with reddish-brown color (5YR4/3). Its soil structures is a weak, fine, subangular, and blocky, breaking to granular. The horizon of $B_{1t}\;and\;B_{2t}$ are silt clay with either a yellowish red (5YR5/6), bright red (2.5YR4/6) color. This soil structure is weak, subangular, and blocky, with thin discontinuous bright red (2.5YR4/6) clay cutans and soft manganese concretions. This red soil structure is made on heavy-textures. It is packed compactly with parent materials of high fluvial surface sediments, and usually has a $A_1-B_{1t}-B_{2t}-C$ profile, from top to bottom. In most cases, clay accumulation in the B-horizon and clay cutans on ped surfaces are observed, which means the argillic horizon has formed. The soils derived from fluvial surface deposits are associated with soils. The soils on the high fluvial surface are considered to be a kind of paleo-red soil which were developed by strong desilicification and rubefaction, and strong leaching of bases under warmer bio-climatic condition during the old Pleistocene period. According to these morphological and anlaytical characteristics,geomorphological features and bio-climatic conditions under which the soil have developed on the high terrace sediment indicate that the soil should be classified as paleo-red soils.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 1993

중국(中國)은 1991년에 새로운 토양계통분류법(土壤系統分類法)을 1차(次) 시안(試案)으로 확정 발표하였다. 본 체계는 미국의 Soil Taxonomy 체계와 비슷한 형태계량적규준(形態計量的規準)(Morpho-metric definition)으로 되어 있고 전산(電算)프로그램화(化)도 가능한 체계로 되어 있다. 분류체계는 목(目)(Order, 토망(土網)), 아목(亞目)(Suborder, 아망(亞網)), 군(群)(Group, 토류(土類)), 아군(亞群)(Subgroup, 아류(亞類)), 속(屬)(Family, 토속(土屬)), 통(統)(Series, 토종(土種))으로 되어 있고, 현재 13개 목망(目網), 33개 아목(亞目), 77개 군(群), 301개 아군(亞群)으로 분류되어 있다. 특징적표층(特徵的表層)은 유기표층(有機表層) 등(等) 8종, 진단표하층(診斷表下層)(차표층(次表層))은 표백층(漂白層) 등(等) 10종, 기타 특징토층(特徵土層)은 석회적표층(石灰的表層) 등(等) 12종, 그리고 암성(岩性) 등(等) 23종의 토양 생성적(生成的) 특징(特徵) 또는 현상(現像)을 분류기준으로 쓰고 있다. 분류상의 특징은 고위도(高緯度)나 고산지대(高山地帶)의 영구동결층(永久凍結層)을 강조하여 아목수준(亞目水準)에서 분류하였고 논토양이나 관개퇴적토(灌漑堆積土), 영양분(營養分)이 심층(深層)까지 집적(集積)된 채전(菜田) 등(等) 인위적(人爲的) 영향(影響)을 크게 받은 토양을 최고차(最高次) 분류단위(分類單位)인 목수준(目水準)에서 독립(獨立)시키고 있을 뿐 아니라 인위적인 교란(攪亂)을 받았으나 아직 단면(斷面)의 발달이 없는 토양을 초육토(初育土)의 아목수준(亞目水準)에서 구분하고 있다.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.53-64
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• 2011

Grus weathering mantles are widely distributed in Southern Korean Peninsula and are considered to be results of chemical weathering related to palaeoclimate milieu. This paper attempts to address this issue by CIA(chemical index of alteration). The climatic approach to the formation of grus mantles offers limited explanation of field occurrences, as these materials are widespread across climatic zones, from the humid tropics to cool temperate areas, although rates of grusification are likely to be influenced by climatic parameters. CIA values for granitoid weathering mantles in S. Korea are 50, which is the same of unweathered granitic rocks. Grus mantles in Korean peninsula show very low level in chemical alteration by CIA.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.157-166
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• 2013

This study searches a transparency of financial management of Local government and then, tries to find a solutions to a management scheme to strengthen financial reform effectively. To summarize main contents: First, requirement of continued Public Accounting System. Second, contact of items of an account and items of a program budget, Third, requirement of construction cost accounting to estimate total cost inputting to public program objectively. Forth, improvement of rotation assign system and guaranteeing to professionalism and public official ethics. Fifth, requirement of strengthening inter-control and monitoring system. Sixth, auditing and role of accounting specialist group. Finally, construction of effective and practical computer system and continuing practice of R&D program.