• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.177-181
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• 2012

본 연구는 고온고습 시험을 통하여 Cell 레벨에서의 표면관찰 및 효율저하를 분석하였다. 고온고습 시험 조건은 KS C IEC-61215에서 제시한 PV module하의 조건을 이용하여 온도 $85^{\circ}C$, 습도 85% 조건하에 1000시간 동안 수행하였다. 고온고습 시험에 따라 효율에 직접적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 이상 유 무를 Cell 표면을 통해 분석한 결과, 고온고습 시험 수행 중 부분적으로 변색되는 것을 확인하였다. 고온고습 시험 전 단결정 Cell의 효율은 17.74% 였으며, 1000시간 수행 후 15.63%으로 11.89%의 감소율을 보였다. 다결정 Cell의 시험 전 효율은 15.46%, 1000시간 수행 후 효율은 14.02%로 9.31%의 감소율을 보였다. 경년 시 나타나는 전기적 특성을 분석하기 위해 FF(Fill Factor)값을 분석한 결과, 고온고습 시험 전 단결정 Cell은 78.71%에서 75.01%로 4.7%의 감소율을 보였으며, 다결정 Cell은 78.10 %에서 76.66%로 1.84%의 감소율을 보였다. 효율 및 FF값에서 단결정 Cell이 다결정 Cell보다 감소율이 큰 것으로 분석되었으며, 이는 단결정 Cell이 외부 환경에서 더욱 크게 작용하여 효율저하에 영향을 주었다고 판단된다.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2020

As flexible electronics will be used under high temperature and high humidity with repeated bending deformations, the effects of environmental condition and repeated mechanical deformations are considered simultaneously to achieve long-term reliability. In this study, the mechanical reliability of metal electrodes (Al, Ag, Cu) deposited on flexible polymer substrate is investigated under 4 different conditions: with and without repeated mechanical deformations and normal environmental or high temperature and high humidity conditions (85℃/85%). The mechanical failure does not occur in all the metal electrodes without mechanical deformation even under high temperature and high humidity conditions. The electrical resistance of metal electrode increased about 400% to 600% after 100,000 bending cycles under normal condition. For high temperature and high humidity condition, the electrical resistance of Al and Ag increased similarly. However, the resistance of Cu during bending fatigue test under high temperature and high humidity condition increased over 90000% because of the combined effect of corrosion and mechanical fatigue. This study can give a helpful information for designing electrode materials with high mechanical reliability under high temperature and high humidity.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.1176-1180
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• 1999

The adhesion strength and high temperature/high humidity reliability of polyetherimide (PEI) adhesive on silicon wafer after being treated by each reactive ion etching (RIE) Aluminum (Al)-chelate adhesion promoter were investigated. 180$^{\circ}$ peel test and <85$^{\circ}C$ 85%> humidity test were performed for the initial adhesion strength and high temperature/high humidity reliability, respectively. For investigating surface effect scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), deionized (DI)-water contact angle studies were carried out. To investigate RIE effect, PEI was treated with $^O_2$ RIE, and then laminated. The initial peel strength increased slightly from 1.6 kg/cm for the first 2 minutes, and then decreased. High temp/high humid resistance decreased rapidly by RIE etching. RIE treatment on PEI affected on both of roughness and hydrophilicity increase. Aluminum-chelate adhesion promoter was coated by spinning on silicon wafer. The initial peel strength showed no effect of adhesion promoter treatment, but high temp/high humidity resistance increased remarkably. Al-chelate adhesion promoter did not affect the roughness but increased hydrophilicity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.494.1-494.1
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• 2014

태양광은 세계적으로 유망한 에너지 중의 하나이며, 태양광 모듈은 실제 옥외 조건에 따라 다르지만 장기 신뢰성과 수명을 보장하기 위해 최소 20년 이상을 안정적으로 작동될 필요성이 있다. 하지만 실제 태양전지는 옥외에 장기 노출됨에 따라 성능이 저하되며, 그 원인으로는 셀 균열, 부식, 접착 강도 손실 및 박리, 그리고 변색 등이 있다. 본 논문에서는 부식으로 인한 성능 저하를 완화하기 위해 희생금속을 이용하여 태양전지 모듈의 성능 향상에 대해 연구하였다. 태양전지는 4 cell 결정질 실리콘 태양전지 미니 모듈을 이용하였고, 희생금속의 영향을 확인하기 위해 두 종류의 시료를 준비하였다. 한 시료에는 Al 희생금속을 태양전지 리본 위에 부착하였으며, 나머지 한 시료는 비교 시료로 Al 희생금속을 부착하지 않았다. 시료는 $85^{\circ}C$ 85%의 상대습도인 고온고습 조건에서 2500시간을 진행하였다. 그리고 2500시간의 고온고습 시험이 진행된 시료의 전기적 특성을 분석하였다. 시험 결과, 희생금속이 없을 경우 28.8%의 출력 저하가 있었으며, 희생금속이 있을 경우 19.3%의 출력 저하가 확인되었다. 또한, 희생금속이 없을 경우, 충실도는 21.5% 감소하였으며, 단락전류 역시 약 6% 정도 감소하였다. 반면, 희생금속이 있을 경우, 충실도는 16.1%로 감소하였고, 단락전류는 거의 변화가 없었다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2013

This study is on the corrosion of iron objects caused by sulfides in undersea environment. The corrosion state of objects in seawater and their damage state after underwater and left in highly humid air were studied. The samples of this study were four iron objects which had been taken out from undersea mud layer located in Taean Mado, Chungcheongnamdo. SEM-EDS and XRD analyse on the objects to check whether they have sulfides or not. The result of analysis suggested that the major component of corrosion product generated in undersea deposit soil is sulfur(S) and iron sulfide(FeS) is formed as sulfide. However, there was no clear corrosion on the surface of objects which was exposed to sea water because of the impact of concretion which covered the surface. In order to check the damage status of iron objects after they had been taken out of sea water, exposure tests in high humidity environment and dehumidified environment were done on the corrosion products. The result of the test suggested that the oxidization of iron sulfide corrosion product makes iron sulfate ($FeSO_4$) and sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) and they can cause secondary corrosion of iron objects. Therefore, it is believed that the iron sulfide corrosion product of iron objects taken out from underwater environment should be removed by all means and the keeping environment of the iron objects should also maintain dehumidified state.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2012

In this study, The report analysed the characteristics of power drop and damage of surface in solar cell through high temperature and humidity test. The solar cells were tested during the 1000hr in $85^{\circ}C$ temperature and 85% humidity conditions, that excerpted standard of PV Module(KS C IEC-61215). An analysis of the cell surface through EL(Electroluminescence), the cell has partly change of surface in yearly. Single-crystalline Solar cell efficiency is decreased from 17.7% to 15.6% and decreasing rate is 11.9%. On the other hand, Poly-crystalline Solar cell efficiency is decreased from 15.5% to 14.0% and decreasing rate is 9.3%. A comparison of the fill factor for analysis of electro characteristic in yearly, Single-crystalline Solar cell efficiency is decreased from 78.7% to 78.1% and decreasing rate is 4.7%. On the other hand, Poly-crystalline Solar cell efficiency is decreased from 78.1% to 76.7% and decreasing rate is 1.8%. Single-crystalline has more bigger power drop than poly-crystalline by the silicon purity and silicon atom arrangement. Also, FF decreasing rate has more bigger drop than efficiency decreasing rate for the reason that the damage of surface by exterior environmental factor is the more influence in cell than other reason that is decreasing FF by damage of p-n junction.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

The effects of KOH pretreatment and annealing conditions on the interfacial adhesion and the reliability between epoxy resin and polyimide substrate in the flexible printed circuit board were quantitatively evaluated using $180^{\circ}$ peel test. The initial peel strength of the polyimide without the KOH treatment was 29.4 g/mm and decreased to 10.5 g/mm after 100hrs at $85^{\circ}C/85%$ R.H. temperature/humidity treatment. In case of the polyimide with annealing after KOH treatment, initial peel strength was 29.6 g/mm and then maintained around 27.5 g/mm after $85^{\circ}C/85%$ R.H. temperature/humidity treatment. Systematic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis results showed that the peel strength after optimum annealing after KOH treatment was maintained high not only due to effective recovery of the polyimide damage by the polyimide surface treatment process, but also effective removal of metallic ions and impurities during various wet process.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.421-435
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to suggest environmental guidelines for the conservation of ceramics excavated from underwater. Accordingly, the conditional change of the soluble salt on surface of the excavated ceramics was examined by changing the relative humidity. Examining the relative ratio [high humidity(RH70%+RH80%)/low humidity(RH20%+ RH40%)] for 24 weeks using accumulated conductivity(${\mu}s/cm$), the result showed that the amount of ion elution increased more in high humidity than in low humidity. In particular, the ion elution increased significantly within the celadon sample. In addition, comparing the accumulated conductivity and physical characteristics of the samples in high humidity, the results indicated that the amount of the ion elution is proportioned to the increased rate of the sample's absorption capacity and porosity. Ceramics excavated from underwater has risks of the secondary physical and chemical attacks from remaining salts. Therefore, it is suggested these ceramics be stored in a storage which maintains proper temperature and low humidity conditions. Also, the collections need to be pre-classified according to the properties of the materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1331-1332
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• 2010

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.523-532
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• 1998

우리나라의 여름철 기후는 장마라는 일정기간의 우기와 더불어 고온 다습한 특성을 가지고 있다. 다습한 환경은 주거환경에서 곰팡이 균이 번식하는데 좋은 조건이 되며, 산업환경에서는 각종 기자재 및 원자재를 부식시키고, 일부 작업 공정을 어렵게 하는 문제점을 유발한다. 반면, 온도는 높지만, 습도가 낮은 중동 사막지역의 경우는 수 천년 동안 미이라가 훌륭하게 보존되어 왔다. 따라서 상대적으로 고습 기후 조건을 갖는 지역은 저습 기후 지역에 비하여 더 큰 습도제거 대책이 필요하게 되는 불리함이 있다.