• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

Abstract: In order to improve the system for biological nitrogen oxidizing process in sewage and wastewater, a bacterium having high abilities to oxidize of nitrogen was isolated from wastewater and polluted soils. The strain was identified to Bacillus sp. CH-N, based on the physiological and biochemical properties. Characteristics and oxidizing ability of both ammonia and nitrite were examined for the strain, Bacillus sp. CH-N. The strain showed the oxidizing rate about 80% to 90% on the sewage and wastewater after 48 h culture. The nitrogen oxidizing rate was increased in proportion to the initial concentration of glucose. The microorganism, Bacillus sp. CH-N cell immobilized on ceramic carrier were evaluated for the oxidation of ammonia in culture media.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.700-705
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• 2011

Using enrichment procedures, we isolated organic solvent-tolerant Bacillus sp. BCNU 5005 from waste water and soil in the Ulsan industrial plant region. BCNU 5005 had a maximum similarity of 98% with B. subtilis and was designated as B. subtilis based on phylogenetic analyses using 16S rDNA sequences. Generally, most bacteria and their enzymes are destroyed or inactivated in the presence of high concentrations of organic solvents. However, the lipase activity of B. subtilis BCNU 5005 was very stable in the presence of various kinds of solvents (25%, v/v) except chloroform, ethylbenzene and decane. Furthermore, BCNU 5005 was determined to have a degradative ability towards organic solvents. This organic solvent tolerant Bacillus sp. BCNU 5005 could be used as a new potential resource for biotransformation and bioremediation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1985

In order to investigate the biological activity of ginseng saponins, the effects of ginseng saponins on the reaction catalyzed by bacterial a-amylase were studied and the results obtained were summerized as follows. Bacterial ${\alpha}$-amylase activity was increased by the addition of protopanaxadiol (diol), protopanaxatriol (triol) and total saponin. Preincubation of ${\alpha}$-amylase with diol saponin at $40^{\circ}C$ for 3 min increased ${\alpha}$-amylase activity to the degree of 120%. In the protective effect on the heat denaturation of the enzyme, triol saponin protected the heat denaturation for 5 min at $60^{\circ}C$, but diol saponin accelerated the heat denaturation. The hydrolyzates of diol and triol saponin increased the enzyme activity more than the intact diol and triol saponin. In the catalysis system of bacterial ${\alpha}$-amylase, the addition of diol and triol saponin reduced the substrate inhibition in the presence of high concentration of the substrate.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

This experiment was performed to identify the improvement of raw milk quality after introducing raw milk grading system(1993, June). The purpose of this experiment was to investigate chemical component and microbiological quality of raw milk in jeju. This experiment made it possible to spread high standard of quality of raw milk or milk product including yoghurt, ice cream etc., and to provide dairy industry information for the construction of Jeju international free city master plan. As a result, automatic milking system is improved a lot after introducing raw milk grading system and sustained good condition compared with other provinces. High ratio was shown dairy farm in jeju for pre-milking, pre-cooling system equipment and self laboring. Otherwise, the ratio of dairy farm doing test of mastitis is low. The ratio of first grade distribution in Jeju is 80.64%, which means that was improved before introducing raw milk grading system. The number of somatic cells found in summer more than that of other seasons in raw milk. However, these data is a little higher than the nation wide data medium. Also, general components, annual lipid ratio is 3.90% that improved compared with before introducing raw milk grading system. These data showed low in summer and similar to nation wide.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2011

최근 몇년간 국립수의과학검역원에서 조사한 바에 따르면, 국내 젖소에서 유방염을 일으키는 주된 원인균은 황색포도상구균을 제외하고는 거의 대부분 젖소의 환경으로부터 유래하는 환경성 세균에 의한 것으로 확인된 바 있다. 국내 젖소의 유방염 원인균으로 작용하고 있는 이러한 환경성 세균 중 coagulase-음성 포도상구균 (Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, CNS)과 E. coli 등의 그람 음성균이 가장 많은 비율을 차지하였지만 그 외에 Streptococcus uberis를 비롯한 환경성 연쇄상 구균과 장구균도 상당한 비율을 차지하는 것으로 조사되었으며 이에 대해서는 지난 9월호에서도 상세히 기술한 바 있다. 환경성 연쇄상구균과 장구균은 젖소에서 유선감염 및 임상형 유방염의 중요한 원인이며 환경성 연쇄상구균 중 가장 흔히 발견되는 유방염 원인체는 Streptococcus uberis 로서, 이는 국내에서뿐만 아니라 미국, 유럽, 뉴질랜드, 호주 등에서 수행된 많은 연구결과에서도 마찬가지로 나타났다. 장구균 중 가장 흔히 분리되는 균종은 E. faecium과 E. faecalis로서 검역원에서 지난 몇 년간 조사된 결과에서도 이 두 가지 균 종이 유방염우유에서 분리된 장구균의 90% 이상을 차지하였다. 이러한 환경성 연쇄상구균과 장구균은 사람과 동물의 장관, 분변, 감염된 유방 및 전체적인 목장 환경에서 분리되고 있다. 장구균은 일반적으로 환경성 연쇄상구균/장구균 유방염 감염증 중의 일부일뿐이고 장구균에 의한 유방염이 목장의 주된 문제가 되는 일은 비교적 드물다. 현재, 장구균에 의해 발생하는 유방염은 S. uberis를 통제하기 위해 사용되는 방법과 동일한 방법으로 통제할 수 있다고 여겨진다. 원인체에 상관없이 유방염을 통제하기 위한 기본적인 원칙은 유방염을 일으킬 수 있는 병원체에 유두끝이 노출되는 기회를 줄이거나 감염에 대한 젖소의 저항성을 증가시키는 두 가지 방법이다. 역으로 얘기하면, 병원체에 대한 유두끝 노출을 증가시키거나 감염에 대한 젖소의 저항성을 감소시키는 요인들은 우군 내에서 더 많은 유방염을 발생시킬 가능성이 높기 때문에 위험요인으로 간주된다. 본 고에서는 환경성 연쇄상구균에 의한 유방염과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려진 이러한 여러 가지 위험요인들에 대해 알아보고 그러한 위험요인을 줄일 수 있는 방법에 대해서도 고찰하고자 한다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 1993

The final biomass yields of 16 marine phytoplankton clones were measured in media with different levels of iron and phosphorus concentrations. The biomass yields of oceanic clones were either only slightly limited or not limited by iron, and those of coastal clones were severely limited by iron in all photogenetic groups other than cyanobacteria. By contrast oceanic cyanobacteria clones as well as coastal clones required higher iron concentrations: minimum concentrations of iron addition for detectable growth of the Synchronous species were estimated to fall between $10^{-9}{\;}and{\;}10^{-8}{\;}M$. Not only the habitat differences (oceanic-coastal trends) but also the photogenetic differences of the oceanic phytoplankton species in the response to the iron enrichments deserve very careful attention before ocean iron fertilization.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 1994

Among the various bacterial isolates from municipal sewages which utilized linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) as a sole source of carbon. 3 potent strains - KL-3, SH-2 and EN-1 - were selected. The strains were classified: KL-3 as a strain belong to the genus Klebsiella; SH-2 Shigella; and EN-1 Enterobacter, respectively. They were grown in a broth containing 200 ppm of LAS, using a laboratory scale fermentor: the bacterial growth reached stationary phase after 2 days with a maximum viability of $10^8cfu/mL$ of the culture; initial rates of LAS degradation were high during the first 24 hours of cultivation (KL-3 and SH-2, approx. 50%; EN-1, 20%); after 1 day a lag period of about 24 hours was observed for all the strains, and thereafter break-down proceeded rapidly; final rates after 7 days were approximately 85% by KL-3, 82% by SH-2 and 75% by EN-1. Adsorption of LAS by the bacterial cell mass was high for the strain SH-2, as Freundlich equation: Y= 0.030X + 0.95 was calculated.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2022

In this article, we report a case study on the cause of abnormal fermentation of Takju based on a microbial community analysis of wheat-based Nuruk and Takju using next-generation sequencing. The microbial community showed notable changes during alcoholic fermentation. Members of the genera Aspergillus and Staphylococcus were dominant in Nuruk, whereas Saccharomyces, Pediococcus, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Enterobacter were predominant during Takju fermentation. In particular, members of the Enterobacter and Bacillus genera that were present were identified as the opportunistic pathogens B. wiedmannii and E. cloacae. The relative abundance of two species increased in Mitsul-3, wherein the concentration of organic acid rapidly decreased, and in Deotsul-1, in which raw materials were added. Furthermore, the relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in both the Nuruk and Takju was very low. Therefore, this result showed that the abnormal proliferation of E. cloacae and B. wiedmannii in Takju was due to the absence of LAB.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1457-1465
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• 2009

This study was conducted to analyze the food safety management practices and to provide data that could be used to improve food safety management at kindergarten foodservice establishments in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province. Microbiological hazard analysis was conducted from May to July, 2008 at the four foodservice establishments. A total (20 items) of foodservice facilities, cooking utensils, and equipment were tested about total plate counts, coliforms, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes. The microbiological detected levels were higher than the critical limits for prepreparing and cooking knives, chopping boards, working tables (both prepreparing and cooking), refrigerator (inside wall), bart, basket, and tray. E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogens were not detected in any samples. However, Staphylococcus aureus were detected in rubber gloves for cooking and trench in the bottom at one foodservice establishment. In conclusion, these results suggest that a prerequisite programs guideline should be provided to improve the food safety levels at kindergarten foodservice establishments and the foodservice manager must maintain proper food safety technique for foodservice facilities, cooking utensils, and equipment at kindergarten foodservice establishments to prevent cross-contamination and spread of foodborne pathogens.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 2017

Saeu (shrimp) jeotgal (SJ) was prepared by mixing with 25% salt with different types: purified salt (PS), solar salt aged for 1 year (SS), and bamboo salt. SJ was fermented for 22 weeks at $15^{\circ}C$. Bacilli and marine bacteria were detected throughout the entire fermentation period, and marine bacteria were present in the largest numbers. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were detected only during the first 8-10 weeks, but yeasts appeared at the sixth week and later. Archaea were detected in low numbers only from SS-SJ during the first 8 weeks. BS- SJ showed higher pH and lower titratable acidity (TA) values than other SJs because of strong alkalinity of bamboo salt. Amino-type nitrogen (ANN) contents of SJs increased during fermentation, especially, after 2 and 6 weeks. SS-SJ showed the highest ANN content from the beginning to the end of fermentation. Ammonia-type nitrogen (AMN) contents also increased like the amino-type nitrogen during fermentation. The highest volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) was also observed in SS-SJ. Salinity was kept constant after 4 weeks. SS was better than other salts for SJ fermentation in terms of protein hydrolysis.