• Title/Summary/Keyword: 고생

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Geochronological and Geotectonic Implications of the Serpentinite Bodies in the Hongseong Area, Central-western Korean Peninsula (한반도 중서부 홍성지역 내에 분포하는 사문암체의 지질연대학 및 지구조적 의미)

  • Kim, Sung Won;Park, Seung-Ik
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.249-267
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    • 2016
  • The Hongseong area of the central-western Korean Peninsula is considered to be a part of collision zone that is tectonically correlated to the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu belt of China. The area includes the elliptical-shaped serpentinized ultramafic bodies, together with mafic rocks. The studied bodies are in contact with the surrounded Neoproterozoic alkali granites at the Baekdong and Wonnojeon bodies and the Paleoproterozoic Yugu gneiss at the Bibong body. The Baekdong body contains the blocks of the Neoproterozoic alkali granites and the Late Paleozoic metabasites. The Bibong body also includes the Neoproterozoic alkali granite blocks. The Mesozoic intrusive rocks are also recognized at the Baekdong, Wonnojeon and Bibong bodies. On the other hand, the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks are occurred at the Bibong body. The detrital zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages of the serpentinites at three bodies range variously from Neoarchean to Middle Paleozoic at the Baekdong body, and from Neoarchean to Early Cretaceous at the Wonnojeon and Bibong bodies. Although serpentinization does not generally produce minerals suitable for direct isotopic dating, the youngest Middle Paleozoic age at the Baekdong body and the Early Cretaceous age at the Wonnojeon and Bibong bodies indicate the possible upper age limit for the (re)serpentinization. Especially, the Early Cretaceous serpentinization ages may be related to the widespread Early Cretaceous igneous activity in the central-southern Korean Peninsula. Age results for the serpentinite bodies and the included blocks of the studied serpentinized ultramafic bodies in the Hongseong area, therefore, provide several possible interpretations for the serpentinization ages of the ultramafic rocks as well as the geotectonic implications of serpentinization, requiring more detailed study including other serpentinized ultramafic bodies in the Hongseong area.

Development of Avermectin $B_{1a}$ High-yielding Mutants through Rational Screening Srategy based on Understanding of Biosynthetic Pathway (생합성 경로의 이해를 통한 Avermectin $B_{1a}$ 고생산성 변이주 개발)

  • Song Sung Ki;Jeong Yong Seob;Chun Gie-Taek
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.20 no.5 s.94
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    • pp.376-382
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    • 2005
  • Avermectin (AVM) $B_{1a}$ produced by Streptomyces avermitilis via polyketide pathway is a secondary metabolite with powerful anthelmintic and insecticidal activities, thus being used as an efficient agent in the field of agriculture and animal health. It has been reported that a precursor for AVM $B_{1a}$ biosynthesis was isoleucine and the biosynthetic pathway of AVM $B_{1a}$ was closely similar to that of fatty acid. Based on understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of AVM $B_{1a}$, we intended to screen various mutants resistant against O-methyl threonine (OMT), an isoleucine-anti metabolite, and/or mutants resistant against p-fluoro phenoxy acetic acid (pFAC), an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis. It was inferred that these mutants could produce AVM $B_{1a}$ more efficiently, due to the acquired capability of not only overproducing isoleucine intracellularly but also channelling metabolized carbon-sources into the polyketide pathway, thus leading to enhanced biosynthesis of AVM $B_{1a}$. The resulting mutant (PFA-1 strain) resistant against 100 ppm of pFAC was able to produce approximately 42 fold higher amount of AVM $B_{1a}$ compared to the parallel mother strain (4,200 vs. 100 units/l). In addition, through the process of continuous strain improvement program carried out by gradually increasing the OMT concentration, it was possible to obtain a more attractive mutant with greater AVM $B_{1a}$ production capacity (9,000 units/l). Notable was that significantly higher producer (12,000 units/l) could be selected through further screening of the resistant mutants, this time, to even higher concentration of PFAC. Meanwhile, through the analysis of AVM Bla production histograms (i.e., number of strains according to their AVM $B_{1a}$ biosynthetic ability) for the earlier strains in comparison with the high producers having the characteristics of resistance to OMT and pFAC, it was found that production stability of the high-yielding producers were remarkably improved, as demonstrated by the fact that larger proportion of the mutated strains had greater capability of AVM $B_{1a}$ biosynthesis ($71\%$ in the range between 5,000 and 7,000 units/L; $47\%$ in the range between 6,000 and 7,000 units/l). Based on these consequences, it was concluded that the rational screening strategy based on the understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of AVM $B_{1a}$ was very effective in obtaining high-yielding mutants with the features of enhanced production stability.

Devonian Strata in Imjingang Belt of the Central Korean Peninsula: Imjin System (임진강대의 중부 고생대층: 임진계)

  • Choi, Yong-Mi;Choh, Suk-Joo;Lee, Jeong-Hyun;Lee, Dong-Chan;Lee, Jeong-Gu;Kwon, Yi-Kyun;Cao, Lin;Lee, Dong-Jin
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.107-124
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    • 2015
  • The 'Imjin System' (or Rimjin System) was established in 1962 as a new stratigraphic unit separated from the Upper Paleozoic Pyeongan System based on the discovery of brachiopods and echinoderms of possible Devonian age. Subsequent discoveries of the Middle Devonian charophytes confirmed the Devonian age of the system. The Imjin System is distributed in the Imjingang Belt between the Pyongnam Basin and the Gyeonggi Massif, spans from the eastern areas including Cholwon-gun of the Gangwon Province, Gumchon-gun, Phanmun-gun, and Tosan-gun of the Hwanghaebuk Province, to the western areas of Gangryong-gun and Ongjin-gun of the Hwanghaenam Province, and includes the Yeoncheon Group (metamorphic complex) to the south. Unlike the lower Paleozoic strata in the Pyongnam Basin which solely produce marine invertebrate fossils, the Imjin System yields diverse non-marine plant and algal fossils. Brachiopods of the system are similar to those from the Devonian of the South China Block and include taxa endemic to the platform, implying a close paleogeographic affinity to the South China Block. The Imjin System is generally considered as of Middle to Late Devonian in age, although there have been suggestions that the system is of the Middle Devonian to Carboniferous in age. North Korean workers postulated that the Imjin System was deposited in the current geographic position, where the "Imjin Sea" (an extension of the South China Platform) was located during the Devonian. The Imjin System displays strong local variations in stratigraphy and its thickness. It has recently been reported that the strata are repeated and overturned by thrust faults in many exposures. The Yeoncheon Group a southward extension of the Imjin System, also experienced intense tight folding and contractional deformation. Northward decrease in metamorphic grade within the system suggests that the northern part of the Gyeonggi Massif and the Imjingang Belt are probably an extension of the Dabie-Sulu Belt between the South China and Sino-Korean blocks, and the Imjin System is an remnant of accretion resulted from the collision between the two blocks. In order to understand tectonic evolution and Paleozoic paleogeography of eastern Asia, further studies on stratigraphic, sedimentologic and tectonic evolution of the Imjin System involving scientists from the two Koreas are urgently needed.

Effect of Smoking and Drinking Habits on the Nutrient Intakes and Health of Middle and High School Boy Students (남자 중.고생의 흡연과 음주습관이 영양소 섭취 및 건강상태에 미치는 영향)

  • Shin, Kyung-Ok;An, Chang-Hun;Hwang, Hyo-Jeong;Choi, Kyung-Soon;Chung, Keun-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.694-708
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    • 2009
  • The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of smoking & drinking on the diet, nutrient intake, and overall health. A sample of 262 youths, aged 16 to 18 year-old, was randomly selected from Seoul and its vicinity. The subjects participated by answering survey questions including general questions, questions regarding health, smoking & drinking habits, dietary habits, nutrient intake, physical characteristics, and smoking cessation plans. The average height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were $173.5{\pm}6.8\;cm$, $64.8{\pm}11.8\;kg$, and $21.4{\pm}3.7\;kg/m^2$, respectively. Among the subjects, 88% appeared to be interested in health and 43.5% of youth asserted that the best way to keep healthy was to engage in regular exercise. Among 63 smokers, 52 students (82.5%) used alcoholic beverages while 11 students (17.5%) did not use alcoholic beverages, meaning that smoking was a causative factor in drinking. 55.6% of youth reported beginning to smoke in middle school, and 38.1% of them asserted that curiosity was the motive for smoking. The youth reported that the craving for smoking was highest when hungry, and the best place to smoke was the restroom. 20 students (69.0%) answered that the only way to quit smoking was just to stop. 12 students (44.4%) reported that the main reason for failures in smoking cessation attempts was a lack of intention or willpower. 87.1% of all subjects answered that they were inclined to quit smoking, and 56.7% of them would be interested in attending a smoking cessation program if they had the opportunity. Among the smoking and drinking group, 50% of drinkers began to drink in high school, and the reason for drinking given was peer pressure-40% of drinkers answered that they wished to quit drinking. 34.4% of students appeared to have breakfast everyday, but 16.4% of students answered that they had quit eating breakfast. 52.5% of all students reported that the principal reason for overeating was the presence of one's favorite food, and the smoking and drinking group reported overeating more frequently than other groups (p<0.05). 72.6% of all subjects reported eating interim meals $1{\sim}2$ times daily, 36.4% of smokers ate carbonated beverages, 38.5% ate ice cream as a interim meal, and 38.5% of the drinking and smoking groups ate fruits, 26.9% of them ate fried foods, and some of them ate fast foods as a interim meal. Among smokers, the ratio of eating fat-rich foods, and meats such as kalbi and samgyupsal more than two times per week was higher, and 54.3% of smokers ate ice cream, cookies, and carbonated beverages more than two times per week (p<0.05). The total nutrient intake of the $15{\sim}19$-year youth group was much higher than the standard value. The energy intake of the smoking group and the drinking and smoking group was significantly higher than that of the normal group (p<0.05). Intakes of phosphorus (p<0.05), cholesterol (p<0.05), and sodium (p<0.05) were the highest among all groups. Accordingly, it is recommended that practical education programs be implemented to teach young students to resist peer pressures to smoke and drink. Additionally, education that acknowledges the importance of nutrition is necessary to avoid preferential eating and overeating due to smoking and drinking.such education can also teach students to eat a balanced diet and improve their physical development.

The Relationship between Students' Internet Addiction, Attachment to Parents and Self Control (초.중.고생의 인터넷 중독과 부모에 대한 애착 및 자기조절 간의 관계)

  • Han, Eu-Gene;Choi, Na-Ya
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.171-180
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of students' attachment to parents and their self control to Internet addiction. The participants in this study included 338 elementary students, 371 junior high students, and 342 high school students of Kyunggi province. They were categorized into 3 groups by their aptitude to Internet addiction: serious addicts, potential addicts, and non-addicts. According to the results, older students showed higher tendency toward Internet addiction, and more insecure attachment to their parents. More than 20% of participants were disposed to addiction to the Internet, indicating that immediate intervention should be applied. Significant variables to explain students' Internet addiction were differentiated along their developmental levels. Attachment to parents was related to the Internet addiction of elementary and junior high students, while self control was more critical for high school students' addiction.

A survey on the students' discomfort to school desks and chairs (학생용 책상 및 의자에 대한 초,중,고생의 불편도 조사)

  • Kim, Eun-Ha;Park, Jae-Hui
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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    • 2009.11a
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    • pp.140-143
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    • 2009
  • KS G 2010 규격은 학생용 책상 및 의자에 대한 호수와 치수를 규정하고 있다. JIS 를 참조한 이 규격은 지난 10 여 년 간 사용되어 왔는데, 그간 학생집단의 신체 크기가 크게 성장해 이에 대한 검토와 개정이 요청되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 개정의 필요성과 방향을 알아보기 위해 초,중,고등 학생들을 상대로 한 설문조사를 계획, 실시하였다. 설문 조사 결과 많은 학생들이 책상과 의자에 대한 많은 불편을 느끼고 있으며, 허리와 엉덩이 등 신체부위에도 불편함으로 느끼는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 조사 결과는 학생용 책상 및 의자의 규격 개정 방향에 대한 참조 자료로 사용될 것이다.

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고급육생산과 사양프로그램의 이해

  • 문효식
    • 한우개량
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    • no.5 s.26
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    • pp.16-24
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    • 2000
  • IMF체제하에서 사료값 폭등과 소값 폭락으로 한우산업이 위기를 벗어난 게 어제일 같은데 또다시 구제역이 축산업에 밀어 닥쳐 한우농가 여러분의 마음고생이 크실 줄로 생각됩니다. 다행히 구제역이 진정되어 가고 있습니다. 더 이상의 큰 손실없이 잘 마무리 될 수 있도록 다같이 노력해야 되겠으며 이 일을 계기로 나 혼자서도 잘 할 수 있다는 이기적인 생각들은 버리고 한우농가 개개인이 한우지킴이가 되어 2001년 수입개방의 완전자유화에 대응키 위한 노력들을 보여야 될 것으로 생각됩니다. 그 대안의 하나로 수입고기보다 신선한 맛과 질 그리고 위생과 안전함에서 경쟁력 우위에 서고자 한우 고급육생산에 초점을 맞춰 관련기관단체 및 전문가들은 연구 노력하여 왔으며 그 기술적인 방법들이 많은 정보지 및 축산담당자들에 의해 전달되어 졌습니다. 지금껏 고급육생산에 대하여 않은 내용의 정보가 기술되어 왔기에 깊이 있는 내용보다는 고급육생산농가 스스로가 지금의 사양관리를 되돌아보면서 가벼운 마음으로 읽어 주었으면 하는 바램입니다.

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건강관리성공사례담22-위암

  • Lee, Eun-Hui
    • 건강소식
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    • v.12 no.1 s.110
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    • pp.2-7
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    • 1988
  • 인간에게 있어서 가장 중요한 것은 무엇이냐고 물었을 때 ‘건강’이라는 글자가 빠지는 경우는 드물다. 그래서 예로부터 정초에 인사를 하게 되면 ‘올해도 건강하십시오’, ‘어머님, 만수무강 하십시오’등등의 건강을 기원하는 인사를 우선적으로 하였던가보다 그럼에도 불구하고, 일년내내 건강을 최고의 위치에 두고 지키기 보다는 바른 생활 속에서 망각해 버리는 경우가 더욱 많다. 그 때문에 사람들은 때때로 예기치 않은 일을 겪게 된다. 무역회사를 경영하면서 대학에 다니는 남매, 그리고 부인과 함께 행복한 생활을 하던 김경호씨(50세, K상사사장, 강동구 천호동 암사 APT). 소화불량으로 고생하던 그가 아들의 권유로 건협에서 건강검사를 받고 위암 초기 증상을 발견하게 된 것은 지난해 6월의 일이었다고 한다. 상상도 할 수 없었던 ‘암’이라는 글자. 그러나 이제 그 당황함을 뒤로하면서 회복되어가는 건강을 받아들이게 되었다.

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경제구조변화(經濟構造變化)와 하청생산체제(下請生産體制)

  • Park, Jun-Gyeong
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.71-94
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    • 1989
  • 본고(本稿)에서는 대기업(大企業)과 중소기업(中小企業)간의 합리적(合理的) 생산분업체제(生産分業體制)를 논의(論議)하기 위한 참고자료(參考資料)로서 후진적(後進的) 상황(狀況)에서 출발하여 효율적(效率的) 분업체제(分業體制)를 형성하게 된 일본하청제(日本下請制)의 전개과정(展開過程)과 하청론(下請論)의 주요논점(主要論點)을 개괄적(槪括的)으로 정리(整理)하였다. 하청제(下請制)의 전개과정(展開過程)에는 일본(日本)에 특수(特殊)한 경제적(經濟的) 사회적(社會的) 문화적(文化的) 요인(要因)들이 작용하였지만, 산업기형발전(産業技衡發展)과 시장규모확대(市場規模擴大)에 의한 분업(分業)의 확대(擴大) 심화(深化), 분업체제(分業體制)의 재편과정(再編過程)에 일관(一貫)된 경제적(經濟的) 합리성(合理性)과 경쟁원리(競爭原理)의 관철(貫徹), 분업집단전체(分業集團全體)로서 고생산성(高生産性)과 환경적응성(環境適應性)을 실현하는 기업간(企業間) 연결조직(連結組織)의 특성(特性) 등은 일본적(日本的) 조건(條件)과 무관한 경제논리(經濟論理)로 설명될 수 있다.

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Free Interview - (주)세원벤딩 김철영 사장

  • 한국자동판매기공업협회
    • Vending industry
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.42-46
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    • 2010
  • 자판기 분야에 있어 가장 어려운 분야 중의 하나가 일반식품자판기 분야이다. 일반식품자판기란 음료외 요기가 되는 식품을 파는 자판기를 말한다. 일반식품자판기 중에서도 완제품을 적용해 파는 자판기가 아니라 기계 내부에서 조리까지 되는 자판기는 특히 힘들다. 제품을 품질을 갖추는 것도 힘들지만, 소비자들의 인식을 넘어 시장을 창출하는 단계까지는 거의 예술에 가깝다고 할 정도로 지난한 과정이다. 그래서 이렇게 힘든 제조업에 섣불리 도전하는 사람들이 많지 않다. 애지간한 비전과 열정을 가지지 않고서는 되지 않을 일이다. 최근 국내 자판기에 있어서는 이런 현상은 여실히 나타난다. 조리가 되는 식품자판기 분야로 사업을 진행하는 업체는 극소수인 것. 그래서인지 끓인 라면 자판기 분야로 사업을 진행하는 세원벤딩의 김철영 사장을 만났을 때, 그동안 얼마 고생했을까 하는 생각이 먼저 들었다. 아니나다를까. "그래도 나나 되니까 이 시장을 끌고 간다." 그는 만나자 마자 자신감인지 자조인지 모르는 한마디로 인터뷰의 화두를 던진다. 끓인 라면자판기 시장에 산전수전, 공중전(?)까지 다 겪은 듯한 그와의 인터뷰는 이렇게 시작이 되었다.

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