• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1344-1348
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• 2008

Anti-microbial activities of Scutellariae Radix Extracts and Sophora flavecens Extracts was tested by formulation, such as skinsoftener, emulsion for 4 weeks. Control contained no preservative, test group contained 1.00% Scutellariae Radix extracts and 1.00% Sophora flavecens extracts and positive control contained parabens and imidazolidinyl urea. To determine the anti-microbial activity of these extract, the 4 germs such as Escherichia coil, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aures, Canida albicans were used. The test groups showed significant anti-microbial activities against the 4 germs at 2 and 3 weeks as compared with control. Anti-microbial activities of these extracts were similar to positive control. Considering that the Scutellariae Radix Extracts and the Sophora flavecens Extracts have a significant anti-microbial activities against 4 germs, it is possible as natural preservative in cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.269-280
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• 2014

This study was performed to test the insecticidal and antimicrobial activity of plant extracts from clove, Sophora flavescens Aiton and neem. As the result of antimicrobial activity test, clove extract showed the strongest activity against Botrytis cinerea. In insecticidal activity test, the extract of Sophora flavescens Aiton was the highest against Nilaparvata lugens. The pyroligneous liquor (10%) and emulsified spreader (10%) were added to the extracts of clove and Sophora, respectively, to apply the environment-friendly rice field. In the field treated clove extract, disease damage occurred 49.1% and insect damage occurred 29.5% compared to control plot (100%). In the field treated Sophora extract, disease damage was 56.7% and insect damage was 21.0% compared to control plot (100%). In conclusion, plant extracts from Sophora and clove could control about 50% of disease and about 70% of insect damage that they could be used as environment-friendly resources to control disease and insect in rice farming.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2009

Insecticidal efficacies of plant extracts and environmental friendly agro-materials against green peach aphids, two spotted spider mites, and diamondback moths were evaluated in the lab condition. Oxymatrine and matrine, derivatives of Sophora flavescens, were effective to all three tested pest insect species. Selected environmental friendly agro-materials available from the market mainly contained active ingredients of nicotine, azadirachtin, and matrine were all effective to control green peach aphids and two spotted spider mites.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Azadirachta Indica extract(AIE) and Sophorae radix extract(SRE) are widely used as environment-friendly organic materials of plant origin in South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the in vitro micronucleus(vitMN) tests of two samples of AIE and SRE were conducted to evaluate their genotoxicity using the Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cell. This study was composed of two parts; cytochalasin B(cyto B) test and non-cyto B test. Mitomycin C and colchicine were used as positive controls. As a result, the incidence of micronucleus(MN) in all AIE and SRE treated groups increased in dose-dependent manner, but were less than 2.2% in 1,000 binucleated cells. In addition, there were no significant increases of MN incidence in all AIE and SRE treated groups, compared with the negative control group. CONCLUSION: Therefore, we suggest that AIE samples and SRE samples used in this study may have no genotoxicity in the in vitro micronucleus test using the CHL cells. In our previous study, we reported that AIE and SRE did not cause genotoxicity in Ames test. According to the genotoxicity battery system, we concluded that AIE and SRE used in this study have no genotoxic effects to humans.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2013

Sophorae radix extract (SRE) has been registered as an environment-friendly organic material that is widely used in the cultivation of crops in Korea. Matrine, the active ingredient in SRE, was reported as a toxic substance in the nervous system in mice. However, no information is available on its toxic effects in other organisms. Therefore, antimutagenicity and two kinds of genotoxicity tests (bacterial reverse mutation and chromosome aberration test) of two samples of SRE were investigated in this study. Antimutagenicity test was experimented by using bacterial reverse mutation test. In the reverse mutation test, Salmonella Typhimurim TA98, TA1535 and TA1537 were used to evaluate the mutagenic potential of SRE. Bacterial reverse mutation test was also performed on positive and negative control groups in the presence of the metabolic activation system (with S-9 mix) and metabolic non-activation system (without S-9 mix). In the chromosome aberration test, Chinese hamster lung cells were exposed to SRE for 6 or 24 hours without S-9 mix, or for 6 hours with S-9 mix. Negative and positive control groups were experimented for chromosome aberration test. As a result, the number of mutated colonies induced by 4-NQO were reduced by SRE treatment in all strains, indicating that SRE may have antimutagenic effects. Reverse mutation was not shown at all concentrations of SRE, regardless of application of the metabolic activation system. In the chromosomal aberration test, one of the SRE sample gave a suspicious positive result at 250 ${\mu}g/ml$ in the presence of S-9 mix. For the more adequate evaluation of the genotoxic potential of SRE samples, other in vivo genotoxicity study is needed.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2012

Greenhouse whitefly, $Trialeurodes$ $Vaporariorum$, is the most important insect pest in environmental friendly tomato production. Natural enemies, $Nesidiocoris$ $tenuis$ and environmental friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) are major control agents in Korea. The aim of the present work is to evaluate release time of $N.$ $tenuis$ in controlling of $T.$ $vaporariorum$ and to select environmental friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) to suppress both $T.$ $vaporariorum$ and $N.$ $tenuis$ which if the density were high causing necrotic rings. Six EFAM selected to control of $Trialeurodes$ $Vaporariorum$ in three times spray with seven days intervals. Three EFAM showed high mortality 67.7-70.5% in spray after release plot but low in release after spray plot. It should be careful to spray with $N.$ $tenuis$. When $N.$ $tenuis$ were early release at 7 days after transplanting which before occurring and establishment of greenhouse whitefly, it could suppress the density. Extracts of bead tree + matrin, matrin 1, Chrysanthemum showed high mortality on $T.$ $vaporariorum$ adults and $N.$ $tenuis$. The results suggested that this three EFAM could be control agents of the damage of necrotic rings from $N.$ $tenuis$.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.361-369
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• 2020

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and multifactorial inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and chronic pruritus. AD has a complex etiology that includes genetic, immunological, and environmental factors that cause skin barrier abnormalities and immune dysfunctions. Sophora flavescens (SF) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine, but little research has been conducted on its anti-AD efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the effect of SF extract (SFE) on improving skin barrier function and immune abnormalities, which are the main symptoms of AD. SFE has the capacity to enhance the formation of cornified envelope (CE) that plays an important role in the skin barrier function. In addition, it was confirmed that SFE increased the expression of hyaluronic acid related to skin moisture. The effect of SFE against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which increases specifically in AD lesions, confirmed that SFE inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by S. aureus. Furthermore, SFE was shown to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by substance P (SP), the cause of skin neurogenic inflammation. These results demonstrate that SFE could be one of potential candidate agent for the treatment of AD by improving the skin barrier function and immune responses.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1656-1664
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• 2015

The effects of lightyellow sophora, Sophora flavescens extract were tested on non-specific immune response and a disease resistance of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. For feeding trial, weight gain of fish fed different treated groups were not significant differences. Serum analysis of treated and control group did not demonstrated any differences. Lysozyme activity in the kidney and spleen of the 0.05% treated group on $4^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ week showed significant increase, respectively. In addition, phagocytic activity of the 0.05% treated group on $4^{th}$ and 8th week showed significant increase compared to the control group. Histopathology of the liver and kidney tissue of the administrated group for $4^{th}$, $8^{th}$ and $12^{th}$ week showed no particular signs of tissue degeneration. The treated group was higher than control group by analyzing the relative percent survival (RPS) of the experimental challenge of Edwardsiella tarda. Therefore, the lightyellow sophora showed effective in preventing fish-pathogenic edwardsiellosis for a certain period of time.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to assess the antitoxic compounds, flavanones(Leachianone A=LA and Sophoraflavanone G=SFG), from Sophora flavescens(S. flavescens). We investigated the possibility of antitoxicity of LA and SFG against NIH 3T3 fibroblasts cell lines using calorimetric MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl -2H-tetra-azolium bromide] assay. The results were as follows : After cadmium was treated against NIH 3T3 cell lines, we determined IC$\_$50/. Accordingly we have examined the detoxification effects of S. flavescens, LA and SFG under cadmium IC$\_$50/=12.5$\mu$M and was carried out to observe morphological changes by the light microscopic study In NIH 3T3 cells, Sophora flavescens, LA, SFG and LA + SFG showed inhibitory effects on the cytotoxicity of cadmium and these detoxication effects increased in proportion to the concentration of these drugs. These results suggest that LA and SFG from S. flavescens retain a potential antitoxic activity.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.473-477
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the acute contact and oral toxicity of plant extracts (neem, sophora and derris) against Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). As a result of acute contact toxicity test, $LD_{50}$ of neem and derris extracts were more than 100 ${\mu}g/bee$ while $LD_{50}$ of sophora extracts were 1.7 ${\mu}g/bee$. In case of acute oral toxicity test, $LD_{50}$ of neem and derris extracts were more than 100 ${\mu}g/bee$ while $LD_{50}$ of sophora extracts were 1.7 and 0.3 ${\mu}g/bee$. In conclusion, it is evaluated that neem and derris extracts are practically nontoxic while sophora extracts are highly toxic.