• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-134
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• 1990

This paper examines the redistributive potential of capital taxations within the two-class overlapping generations model, where only capitalists are intergenerationally linked through heritable capital stocks. In particular, the dynamic welfare incidence of two different capital taxations is examined; first a capital income tax levied uniformly on interest earnings, and second, an estate tax levied on the intergenerational transfers of capital stock within the capitalists' families. Redistributive effects are measured by examining how the permanent and unanticipated changes in proportional capital income tax and estate tax rates affect workers' welfare when the proceeds in each period are distributed, in a lump-sum fashion, among young workers. It is shown that, except for in the short run, both the capital taxes are ineffective and may actually lower the workers' steady state welfare through the shifting of tax burden toward workers from capitalists. Differential incidence analysis shows that redistributive potential is diminished further when the lump-sum transfers are financed by the estate tax rather than by the capital income tax. Although the model examined in this paper is based on simple and strong assumptions, this study suggests that redistributive policy using the capital taxations may only have distortionary effects in the long run, without improving workers' welfare, by incurring dead-weight loss unless additional fiscal measures are implemented to increase the investment incentives.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2012

Within twenty years, Permanent Affordable Housing provided for people's security of housing in late 1980's yields the principles of equity with tenant's in new one supplied, thus being confronted by the requirements that existing welfare service for tenants should be improved. Reflecting on these, this study means to prepare the basic data for the welfare policy as applying welfare service types on basis of housing locational characteristics, tenants tier compared with welfare service needs of permanent affordable housing tenants. For achieving this aim, the range and mixed use mechanism of welfare service are investigated as reviewing the related research and findings. Based on this investigation, 7 types of welfare service(Independence, Half-support, Child care, Juvenile, Self-support, Social-mix, and Single household) are established. On the analysis of survey, the welfare service needs are investigated as grouping with locational characteristics and survey target. In addition, the welfare service types are reorganized by analysis of tenant's demographic and locational characteristic on each housing and are compared with tenants needs. Although, the demographic of permanent affordable housing generally shows that the tenants are constituted with aged people, the housing with high ratio of children and juvenile can be applied with Child Care type and Juvenile type. As a result of comparison, the ratio of independence type, juvenile type, and single household type are more on the large housing and housing on metropolitan area, and the ratio of half-support type and child care type are more on the small housing and housing on small city area.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.151-157
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• 2021

Recently, IoT technology has been applied to various cloud environments, requiring accurate verification of various information generated by IoT devices. However, due to the convergence of IoT technologies and 5G technologies, accurate analysis is required as IoT information processing is rapidly processed. This paper proposes a blockchain-based multi-IoT verification model for overlay cloud environments. The proposed model multi-processes IoT information by further classifying IoT information two layers (layer and layer) into bits' blockchain to minimize the bottleneck of overlay networks while ensuring the integrity of information sent and received from embedded IoT devices within local IoT groups. Furthermore, the proposed model allows the layer to contain the weight information, allowing IoT information to be easily processed by the server. In particular, transmission and reception information between IoT devices facilitates server access by distributing IoT information from bits into blockchain to minimize bottlenecks in overlay networks and then weighting IoT information.

• 한국게임학회지
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 2009

지속적인 성장을 거듭하고 있는 온라인 게임은 사회적 상호작용과 집단 경쟁 등 스탠드 얼론(stand alone) 게임에서는 느낄 수 없는 새로운 재미를 제공하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 온라인 게임 플레이의 경험 중가장 핵심적인 주제인 재미에 대한 연구는 휴리스틱한(heuristic) 연구에 머물고 있다. 본 연구는 기존 연구의 한계를 극복하고, 게임플레이의 재미에 대한 과학적인 평가를 위해 MMORPG의 재미 평가 모델을 제시하고, 그 유용성을 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 동기이론, 몰입(Flow) 이론, 기존의 문헌연구와 설문조사를 통하여 온라인 게임의 핵심적인 재미 요소를 도출하였다. 도출된 20여개 의 요인들을 매트릭스 분석을 통해 범주화하고, Ermi & Mayra(2005)의 게임플레이 경험 모델에 통합하였다. 다양하고 정성적인 평가기준을 체계화하기 위해 AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) 이론에 입각하여 감각적 재미, 도전적 재미, 상상적 재미, 사회적 상호작용의 재미의 4개 측면을 포함하는 계층분석도를 구성하였고, 게임업계 전문가들의 검토와 중요도 평가를 통해 MMORPG의 재미 평가 모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 모델에 의해 구성된 설문문항을 3개 MMORPG를 즐기고 있는 이용자 87명을 대상으로 평가한 결과, WOW, Aion, Lineage2순으로 각각 75.247점, 68.649점, 62.205점을 얻어냈다. 이러한 평가 결과는 현재 MMORPG 중에서 가장 높은 시장점유율과 매출 실적이 좋은 WOW를 가장 재미있는 게임으로 선정하였고, Aion과 Lineage2도 현재의 시장 점유율과 매출 실적과도 정확하게 일치하고 있다. 이러한 결과로 본 연구에서 제안된 MMORPG의 재미 평가 모델의 유효성이 검증되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 가장 재미있는 게임의 선정뿐만 아니라 각 게임의 재미 요소별 강약점을 분석하여, 왜 어떤 게임은 성공적이며, 다른 게임들은 그렇지 않은가에 대한 이해를 제공할 수 있다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 제안된 MMORPG의 재미 평가 모델은 어떤 게임이 가장 재미있는 게임인지를 선정하는데 활용될 수 있으며, 궁극적으로는 보다 구체적인 재미 요소별 분석을 가능하게 하여 보다 재미있는 온라인 게임을 개발하는데 기여할 것이다. 그러나 다른 장르까지 확장하여 활용하기 위해서는 후속 연구가 뒷받침되어야 한다.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.43-65
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• 2015

Technology standard continues to exist as an social agreement throughout all industry. With development of Information and Communication, it is recently considered as a strategic factor for enhancing interoperability and increasing market dominance. Hence, technology standard research(standardization research) have a significance in analyzing the process of standard adoption and its economic effect and deriving theoretical and policy implications. However, as existing relative researches are lack in consideration on indigenous value of technology and its interoperability, there exists limitation in drawing the result of technology centered analysis. The goal of this study is to suggest new technology centered standard method by implying function of technology differentiation rate and technology preference that are deduced by technology network analysis into two stage game theory. As an example of empirical case, we selected wireless pan technology of Internet of Things, and derive its technological structure and implications related to standard.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.215-235
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze research behaviors of bibliotherapy studies in order to improve the level of bibliotherapy study in the LIS. 130 articles of journals were divided into five major fields, and analyzed using major areas, research subjects, research methods, affiliation of authors, and participants. The results showed that bibliotherapy studies in LIS have been conducted rather broadly by the practitioners ever since the 2010s. However, diversification of research topics, research methods, and theoretical foundations are found to be problems that need to be solved. Based on the statistics, suggestions are made: to expand the target of bibliotherapy to various ages, classes, experience groups, and situation groups; to combine reading books with further activities such as discussion, role-play, and play therapy; to take advantage of a variety of diagnostic test tools and to utilize clinical treatments; to conduct qualitative and quantitative research simultaneously in order to achieve the benefits.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.469-474
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• 2020

This study explains the characteristics of micro-insurance based on the theoretical model of health insurance, such as the low demand of low-income people and the lower demand of higher risk aversion. In particular, these characteristics contradict the existing insurance theory which states that the lower the income, the higher the risk aversion, and the higher the demand for insurance. This study postulates a two-period model focusing on health insurance, contrary to a one-period model assumed in existing studies. As a result, first, we show that the decrease in income leads to a decrease in the preventive effort for illness. Second, we offer a model for micro-insurance in which the individual chooses a partial insurance under an actuarially fair insurance premium, while full insurance is optimal in existing studies. Third, we also show that the insurance demand decreases when the outlook for the future improves. Fourth, we finally show that the lack of trust and default risk of the insurer decrease the insurance demand as risk aversion increases.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.89-94
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• 2021

Recently, the boundaries between people who produce and consume digital contents disappears due to the massive developments in information and communications technology (ICT) and the rapidly increasing spread of smartphones unlike in the traditional mass media (e.g., newspapers, radios, and TVs). Through the open service platform, the problem perception for each individual remains the same, but the problem solving methods varies as the service types have been diversified. The creation of added value through the growth of the new media platform industry is expected to enrich our lives, but it can also cause severe social side effects. For example, communication problems between social classes due to the information gap have led to generational conflict, and if such problems persist, it can cause national and social losses. Therefore, this paper analyzes the policy efforts to resolve the information gap and the necessity of the legalization of multimedia literary education to maximize the synergy effect through psychological model.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.21-54
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• 2012

This paper investigates how technological change and the consequential occupational choices do influence the recent Korea labor market. Following Autor, Levy and Murnane (2003) and Autor, Katz and Kearney (2006), it shows that decreasing price of computer assets raises relative wages for nonroutine tasks and the self-selected occupational choices with increasing demands for computerization in routine tasks would be a main cause for the job polarization in the labor market.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 1990

In rural settlement planning, its spatial development framework should be constructed on the basis of the hierachial settlement system. However, up to now, there does not exist widely - accepted model on rural settlement hierachy. In this study the basic planning principles and directions on the modelling of the settlement hireachy in rural areas have been consolidated through theoretical study and situational analysis on planning environments. And also, a new yardstick on the grading of the middle - level centers between villages and rural towns has been tried to find out. The research resulted that the existance of periodical rural market might be used as a simple and innovative yardstick on the hierachial ordering of rural settlement system. Based on the above results, an alternative 4 - step model of rural settlement hierachy was proposed ; Rural Town(county hall sitted) -Market Center(having standard periodical market) - Village Center(having no market) - Village. Finally, because the conclusion has been made by very limited case studies and several previous works, there should need continuous studies and checks in future for full reasoning of the proposed model.