• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2008

Costal regions in Korea often suffer severe damages due to wave-induced disasters, storm surge disasters and so on. therefore, many engineers and researchers have devoted their energy to prevent these costal disasters. The development of artificial reefs including sunken vessels is one of their remarkable achievements and various kind of these artificial upwelling structures have been designed and applied. However, the flow characteristics around a Tetrapod under the water has not been investigated experimentally. So in this article, in uniform flow of circulating water channel and some different velocities, PIV measurement has been conducted on the flow characteristics behind a Tetrapod. The results were analyzed on the flow characteristics of both cases of a Tetrapod. Therefore, it can be concluded that the both cases have its own distinctive flow characteristics behind the bluff body; Case A has an steep upstream flow pattern. On the contrary, Case B has an developed downstream flow pattern in the near wake of the Tetrapod. The velocity gradient at position x=150mm of Case-A appears gently up and down But, the velocity gradient at the same position of Case-B appears better highly up and down.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3074-3080
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• 2013

Amplification of wave height at concave corner was investigated by three dimensional hydraulic tests. A typical rubble mound structure was tested with two-layer Tetrapod and the slope of 1:1.5. The irregular waves with Bretschneider-Mitsuyasu spectrum were applied to the tests. The center angles of concave corner were 120 degree, 140 degree and 160 degree. According to the test results, the maximum wave height amplification ratio at concave corner was about 1.5 times of incident wave height among the all test conditions, and the W-shaped wave height distribution was shown.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.469-480
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• 2022

To design the crown wall of rubble-mound breakwaters, the horizontal wave load should be available, but determining this load remains difficult. Lee et al. proposed modification factors for Goda's formula for the horizontal wave pressures on acrown wall. The empirical formula by Lee et al. was based on a two-dimensional model test with a relatively narrow armour crest width in front of the crown wall. In this study, a series of experiments at the same facility were conducted on the horizontal wave pressures on the crown wall of a rubble-mound breakwater with a wide armour crest width. As a result, the pressures of the unprotected part of the crown wall were nearly identical to the narrow crest width. However, the pressures of the protected part tended to decrease with a change in the armour crest width. From the experimental results, the horizontal pressure modification factors of Goda's formula including the armour crest width effect are suggested here and are likely applicable to practical designs of the crown walls of rubble-mound breakwaters covered with tetrapods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2023

The allowable mean overtopping discharge is used as a design parameter for coastal structures. The crest elevation of coastal structures should ensure the wave overtopping discharge within acceptable limits for structural safety and the safety of pedestrians, vehicles, operations, and so on. In this study, two-dimensional physical model tests on typical rubble-mound structure geometries were performed and the the mean wave overtopping discharges under various water depth and wave conditions were measrued. The various test conditions were applied to the tests with the change of the wave steepness, relative freeboard and relative wave height. An empirical formula from the experimental data was proposed to predict the mean wave overtopping volumes.