• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2012

Large-scale collapse happened under excavation construction in the past. But, recently the trend that it is completed safely to minimize damages is growing because of increasing levels of design review and detecting signs of problems before the outbreak of large-scale collapse with proactive planning of measurement. In this paper, through studying case collapses over the past, it put the cause of the collapse in order. And then, after reviewing general information on management and utilization of measurement methods which importantly emerging recently, the type and cause of the problem during the excavation was reviewed. And the causes of problem were analyzed by targeting the site which unusual symptoms happened on measuring results under construction. In this study, the awareness that measurement management and subsurface investigation is highly important will increase for preventing large-scale collapse in advance.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2000

Three-dimensional total station system which integrated the instrument with Target Pin and TEMS 3D software developed by SKEC R&D center was applied to a tunnel excavation for monitoring of convergence and crown settlement. The efficiency of the system was proved as the result in the aspects of exact monitoring and prediction of rock conditions ahead of the face. To monitor the behavior of tunnel lining at the maintenance stage, DOCS system was applied to the subway tunnel section. Such many effects as the vibration of sensors, verification of the system efficiency, the effect of test trains operation, the variation of temperature and the effect of high voltage was checked. Thus the management scheme for tunnel maintenance was laid out as a proposal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2004.03a
• /
• pp.289-309
• /
• 2004

위에서 언급한 바와 같이 계측대상 연약 지반이 대심도, 광역화함에 따라 연약지반 계측의 전반적인 추세는 자동계측 시스템의 사용과 준설ㆍ매립공사 또는 해수면상에서의 공사 특성상 케이블 관리의 어려움을 극복하고자 무선데이터 전송방식의 사용이다. 또한 유지관리의 필요성 증대로 인하여 계측 모니터링, 자동분석 프로그램의 기술도 발전되고 있다. 그러나 아직 국내는 계측에 대한 기술 개발이 미비할 뿐 아니라 계측기술에 대한 인식이 매우 부족하고, 관련법이 정비되지 못하여 계측관련 기술 및 경험이 전무한 영세업체들까지 난립하여 치열한 경쟁을 하는 관계로 기술개발에 대한 투자는 거의 중단된 상태이다. 따라서 정확한 유지관리 계측을 위해서는 대부분 외산기기에 의존할 수밖에 없는 상황이다. 그러나, 현재 국내의 전자통신 기술의 수준을 감안할 때 관련법이 정비되고 체계적인 연구와 투자가 이루어진다면 쉽게 세계적인 수준으로 도약할 수 있으리라 판단된다. 한국지반공학회의 연약지반위원회에서는 2003년 8월 20일 한양대학교 박물관 강당에서 학술세미나를 개최하였다. 본격적인 세미나에 앞서 '연약지반 공학자의 당면문제 및 해결방안'에 관한 주제로 전 연약지반위원회 위원장이셨던 (주)에스코 컨설턴트의 김승렬박사께서 초청강연을 하여 주셨다. 김승렬박사께서는 그 원고의 꼬리말을 다음과 같이 기술하며 마무리하셨다. 국내 연약지반 기술수준의 상황과 우리의 위상을 제고하기 위한 좋은 말씀으로 생각되어 본고에서는 그 부분을 인용하는 것으로 끝을 맺고자 한다. '우리나라의 연약지반 기술수준은 동남아시아 지역의 국가들인 싱가포르, 대만, 태국, 심지어는 베트남에 비해 결코 우월한 위치에 있지 않다. 오히려 많이 낙후되었다고 할 수 있다. 경제규모와 위상과 발전상태에 비추어 보면 실로 부끄러운 일이 아닐 수 없다. 이렇게 된 배경에는 연약지반이 사회의 문제로 대두되는 일이 미미하여 이 분야에 쓸리는 관심이 상대적으로 적은 점이 주원인이라고 볼 수 있다. 연약지반이 기술현장에서 문제로 떠오르기 시작한지도 째 오랜 시간이 경과하였다. 이제 더 이상 우리의 기술수준을 이대로 방치할 수는 없는 시점에 와 있는 것이다. 연약지반에 몸담고 있는 우리 스스로가 위상을 지키려는 노력을 배가하여야 한다. 연약지반 공학자들은 스스로 고급의 데이터를 생산하고 평가하고 예측하는 기법을 활발하게 적용하고 발전시킴으로써 자신들의 위치를 지켜야 할 것이다. Clean-handed-research만을 고집하는 환상에서 깨어나 국외의 변모하는 모습을 빠르게 수용하고 국내의 연약지반 관련 자료를 국외에 널리 알릴 수 있는 위치로 발돋움할 때 연약지반 공학자의 위상도 제고될 것이다.'

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
• /
• 2004.06a
• /
• pp.419-424
• /
• 2004

Various radiation counters have been using to determine radioactivity of radwastes for disposal. A radiation counting system was set up using a radiation detector chosen in this study and its stability was investigated through the periodic determination of background and counting efficiencies in accordance with a quality control program to increase the confidence level. The average background level for the $\gamma$-spectrometer was 1.59 cps and the average counting level for the standard sample was 45248 Ops within $2{\sigma}$ confidence levels. The average alpha background level for the low background ${\alpha}{\beta}$ counting system was 0.31 cpm and the efficiency for alpha counting was 34.38%. The average beta background level for the ${\alpha}{\beta}$ counting system was 1,30 cpm and the efficiency for beta counting was 46.5%, The background level in the region of 3H and 14C for the liquid scintillation counting system was 2.52 and 3.31 cpm and the efficiency for alpha counting was 58.5 and 95.6%, respectively. The minimum detectable activity for the$\gamma$-spectrometer was found to be 3.2 Bq/$m\ell$ and 3.8 Bq/$m\ell$ for the liquid scintillation counter, and 20.5 and 23.0 Bq/$m\ell$, respectively for the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ counting system.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.13 no.1 s.53
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2009

The span deflection among the monitoring items of bridge measurement system in real time is representative behaviour and important index of superstructure condition. the limit of span deflection in Standard Specifications for Highway Bridge in Korea has been applied to the method that is making the management-criteria for span deflection in bridge measurement system. But the limit concern mainly serviceability of divers. So it is difficult to find the safety factor of the limit from the viewpoint of bridge safety. This study estimated the safety factor of the limit of span-deflection in Standard Specifications for Highway Bridge in Korea from the viewpoint of bridge safety by the indoor structural test.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2010

Maintenance of the roads and bridges is a major issue for all road administrators around the world, and various initiatives are being implemented in each region for the purpose of controlling the ever increasing road maintenance cost while ensuring the safety of the vehicles driving. Efforts for such initiatives have also been made in Asia and initiatives for managing heavy-weight vehicles have recently gained momentum in Korea and Japan. We have developed a technology for unevenly installing bar-shaped sensors (piezo quartz sensors) to enable dynamic axle load measurement at a highly accurate level, and have estimated our measurement accuracy of axle load/gross weight, etc. on an actual road. The measurement accuracy of the axle load/gross weight varies significantly depending on the number of sensors installed. In our implementation, the target accuracy was set to below ${\pm}5%$ for gross weight measurement so that automatic regulation can be applied. We have achieved our target by installing 8-point measurement system. However, to have this technology widely accepted, it was necessary to reduce the system size so that it can be easily implemented. Therefore, we have estimated the relationship between the measurement accuracy and the system size (number of measurement points), and have come up with the proposal of 3-point measurement as an optimum number of measurement points, and have estimated its performance on an actual road. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between the measurement accuracy and vehicle velocity.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.64-72
• /
• 2022

The retaining wall structure is essential for construction work that performs underground excavation. Displacement management of the retaining wall structure is important regardless of the size of the construction. However, in the case of small-scale construction sites with an excavation depth of less than 10m, displacement management of retaining wall structure not properly performed due to problems such as 1) companies' smallness, 2) lack of capacity of construction managers, 3) complexity of installation, dismantling and displacement of measuring instruments. As a result of analyzing previous research, it was analyzed that it is difficult to apply this to a small - scale construction site because most of the previous research has problems in using an expensive 3D scanner or installing many measuring instruments. This study aims to propose a conceptual design of a displacement measurement system for retaining wall structure based on laser sensor and to verify the displacement recognition performance of core technology applied to the conceptual design. A conceptual design was proposed using a 2D laser scanner. As a result of verifying the displacement recognition of the 2D laser scanner, a displacement of 15mm was analyzed to be sufficiently understandable. In the future, if the proposed conceptual design is developed and applied to the small-scale construction site, it is thought that it will contribute to the reduction of safety accidents at small-scale construction sites.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2023

There are a lot of difference between the surface settlement and the differential settlement measured at the Busan New Port, where the dredged and reclaimed clay layer exists and below the clay is originally thickly distributed. To find the cause and solution of this, the actual conditions of each differential settlement used for the soft ground improvement, characteristics, installation method, measurement frequency, measurement data management, and data analysis of each type were considered. In the deep soft ground improvement work where large deformation occurs, the bending deformation of the screw-type differential settlement gauge is less than that of other types of measuring instruments, so there is less risk of loss, and the reliability of data is relatively high as the instruments are installed by drilling for each stratum. Since the greater the amount of high-precision settlement measurement data, the higher the settlement analysis precision. It is necessary to manage with higher criteria than the measurement frequency suggested in the standard specification. For the data management of the differential settlement gauge, it is desirable to create graphs of the settlement and embankment height of the relevant section over time, such as surface, differential, and settlement of pore water pressure gauge for each point. In the case of multi-layered ground with different compression characteristics, it is more appropriate to perform settlement analysis by calculating the consolidation characteristics of each stratum using a differential settlement data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 1993.06d
• /
• pp.37-70
• /
• 1993

• Journal of the Korea Construction Safety Engineering Association
• /
• s.42
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2007