• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 1992

The extraction and separation methods of protein-bound polysaccharides from the mycelium and culture broth of Coriolus versicolor (Fr) Quel were investigated. The use of 2% solution of surface active agent Triton X-100, was effective for extraction of the protein-bound polysaccharides from the mycelium. For the separation and partial purification of the protein-bound polysaccharides, the column chromatography using DEAE-Cellulose and DEAE-Sephadex proved to be effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.40-49
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• 1991

To better understand the phenomena inside an absorber, where heat and mass transfer coexist, this study selected the most baslc absorption model from in whifh water vapor is absorbed on the surface of a stationary lithium bromide absurbent solution. The purpose of this study is to obtain basic knowledge of heat and mass transfer processes as affected by Marangoni convection induced by addition of surfactant. We apply a non-flowing bulk absorption model and assume that dropwise surfactant is fixed on the absorbent surface. Four governing equation-continuity, laminar monentum, energy and diffusion are solved numerically to obtain temperature and concentraion distributions during steam absorption with Marangonl convection.. In conclusion, Sh and Nu genrally increase at the initial absorption stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.690-696
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• 1996

In order to study the affect of surfactants on the soil removal, the dispersion and polar force components of surface tension for surfactant solutions (such as LAS, AS, AOS, AES, AE) were calculated using extended Fowkes equation. The contact angles on paraffin and surface tension of surfactant solutions were measured. Cmcs of LAS, AS, AES and AE were below the concentration of 0.05%, but the cmc of AOS was between 0.05% and 0.1%. The surface tension of AE was lowest but the dispersion force component was greastest. Total surface tension of every mixed anionic surfactant was lower than that of single surfactants, and the dispersion force components were almost decreased. The addition of sodium carbonate to the sufactant solutions decreased the surface tension, and the surface tensions of surfactant solutions were lowered after washing.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 1995

Asymmetric poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes were prepared by varying the precipitation conditions of the phase inversion technique, and the influences of precipitation conditions on the water uptake of the membrane were investigate. The degree of water uptake of the membrane increased and reached a certain maximum value, as the precipitation time increased. However, it decreded after that. As the precipition temperauure became lower, the degree of water uptake increased more or less. The addition of a nonionic surfactant to the precipitaon solution was effective reducing the precipitation time by lowering the surface tension of the precipitation solution, but ig didn't change the maximum value of its own degree of water uptake. In addition, the relationship between the degree of water uptake and the separation characteristics and mechanical properies of the membrane were investigated. The selectivity factor of the membrane for pervaperation separation decreased, but the permeate flux increased, respectively, with increasing the degree of water uptake. The tensile strength and elongation of the membrane, respectively, increased to a maximum value with increasing the degree of water uptake, and then decreased abtuptly.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2005

The poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based thin film composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes were prepared by coating polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes, sulfonated polyethersulfone and polyamide NF membranes with aqueous PVA solution by a pressurizing method. The PVA was cross-linked with aqueous glutaraldehyde solution. The NF membranes coated with a very low concentration of PVA on all the support membranes was successfully prepared. With increasing the hydrophilicity of the support membranes, the water flux increased. Especially, ζ-potential of negatively charged polyamide NF membrane was reduced by coating the membrane with PVA. A fouling experiment was carried out with positively charged surfactant, humic acid, complex of humic acid and calcium ion and bovine serum albumin. A non-coated polyamide NF membrane was significantly fouled by various foulants. The fouling process when using humic acid and protein occurred at the isoelectric point. There was severe fouling when using humic acid and adding bivalent cations. By coating the polyamide NF membrane with aqueous PVA solution, fouling was reduced. The polyamide NF membrane coated with PVA was resistant to the acidic and basic solution.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.543-547
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• 2011

A study has been done to enhance the mechanical properties and processability of electrically conductive polyaniline(PANI) without the polymer's structural alternation. Functionalized acid doped PANI (PANI-DBSA) was prepared by an emulsion polymerization, and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) played both roles of surfactant and dopant. Also, PANI-DBSA was solution cast blended with high impact polystyrene (HIPS) to produce PANI-DBSA/HIPS blend film. The structure and electrical properties of the conducting polymer blends were observed through UV-vis and FTIR/ATR spectroscopy. A study of the blend was carried by focusing on observation of mechanical and electrical properties based on dispersibility and changes in polymer morphology. The conductivity of the blends was increased by increasing the content of PANI-DBSA, and the sudden increase of conductivity to $3.5{\times}10^{-4}$ S/cm was observed even under a low content of 9 wt%. There was a strong association of continuous network formation with percolation and conductivity in the conducting polymer blends.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.606-612
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to convert hydrophobic dyestuff to hydrophilic dyestuff by reacting cationic collector with anionic dyestuff and reaction anionic collector with cationic dyestuff. The removal of colors from aqueous solutions and/or dispersions has been studied by dispersed-air flotation in a batch column. In this studies used generated micro bubble by ceramic gas diffuser having micro pore size for air flotation process. In this study, a ceramic gas diffuser with micro pore size was used to generate micro bubbles for the air flotation process. Two colours were used for the experiments: Basic Yellow 1 (cationic dyestuff) and Direct Orange 10 (anionic dyestuff). All two were effectively removed by flotation within 8 mins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium oleate (an anionic collector), and amines (a cationic collector) were found to be effective as collectors in the removal of color, which was found to be related to the pH of the solution and the amount of collector added to it, with high collector dosages causing the process to become pH-independent.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography(MECC) and HPLC with ion-pairing mechanism were applied for the separation of the well known environmental wastes from dye industry. These compounds include H-acid, J-acid, ${\gamma}$-acid, orthanilic acid, sulfanilic acid and 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, and are known to be the diazo components of the azo dye. MECC method was also applied to separate few acid dyes including Acid Orange 7, Acid Orange 5 and Acid Blue 92 and direct dye such as Direct Red 80. Informations about the diazo components of any azo dye could be obtained by comparison of electropherogram of the reduction solution of a given dye with those obtained from standard materials such as H-acid, J-acid, ${\gamma}$-acid, orthanilic acid, sulfanilic acid and 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid. It has been concluded that MECC and HPLC with ion-pairing mechanism could be successfully applied for the analysis of unknown dyes and their diazo components.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.190-194
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• 2009

In this study sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which was anionic surfactant, was added for forming micelles to remove iron ion that could be contained with small amount in industrial water. Then aggregates binding between iron ions and micelles were rejected by a ceramic microfiltration membrane. As result of SDS concentration effect on removal rates of iron and SDS in modified iron solution, the removal rate of iron was the highest value of 92.26% and the removal rate of SDS was 61.10% a little higher than the result of calcium ion at 8 mM which was CMC (Critical micelle concentration) of SDS. As final resistance of membrane fouling $R_f$ increased the more at the higher SDS concentration, it showed the highest value at 4 mM and the lowest at 10 mM of SDS. The final permeate flux $J_{180}$ had the highest value and the largest total permeate volume could be finally acquired at SDS 10 mM. In case of CMC 8 mM, low $R_f$ was shown as same as that of 10 mM until 80 minutes of operation, and tended to increase dramatically to 120 minutes and increase slowly again until 180 minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.609-622
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• 2019

When the surfactant is dissolved in an aqueous solution, it forms aggregate called micelles (<20 nm) in the solution, and micelles can form the solubilized formulation by supporting the active ingredient therein. Swollen micelles are formulations capable of carrying larger amounts of active ingredient than conventional solubilized formulations at 50~100 nm. Unlike liposomes or nanoemulsions, which require a separate process such as high pressure emulsification, Swollen micelle is a more efficient method of solubilization and particle formation from a productive point of view. In this study, stabilization experiments on swollen micelle formulations were carried out using poloxamer 407, and then optimized formulation experiments for tocopheryl acetate components were performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Tocopheryl acetate, a surfactant that affects solubilization and an active substance, were set as a factor and the correlation between them was confirmed. As the evaluation method, stability and particle size distribution and size were confirmed by temperature and time, and the structure and shape of the swollen micelle carrying the active ingredient were confirmed by FIB. These results show that poloxamer 407 0.500%, octyldodeceth-16 0.387% and tocopheryl acetate 0.945% are the most optimized prescriptions for swollen micelle stabilized with tocopheryl acetate.