• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.505-511
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• 2002

Purpose : Mean platelet volume(MPV) and platelet distribution width(PDW) are useful parameters in evaluating disorders of platelets. In cases with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP), they change as platelet count increases. In this study, we compared the values of MPV and PDW in ITP patients at diagnosis with those of normal children. We also studied whether the early changes in MPV may predict the clinical course. Methods : From December 1995 to May 2001, 71 patients with ITP were admitted to Ajou University Hospital. They were treated with IVIg 400 mg/kg for five days and MPV, PDW, platelet count were analysed. Normal control group(n=38) was compared. The study group was divided into acute and chronic forms, and also divided into group A, good early responders whose platelets increased more than $100,000/{\mu}L$ within 5 days and group B who did not. Results : Mean value of MPV at diagnosis in ITP patients was lower than the normal control group(P<0.05). In group A, MPV was abruptly increased on the first day after IVIg and then started to decrease. But in group B, MPV was steadily increased until the fourth day after IVIg. In the normal control group, there were inverse correlations between platelet count and MPV(r=-0.415, P<0.05), but in ITP patients, there were positive relationships between platelet count and MPV(r=0.646, P<0.05) at diagnosis. Conclusions : MPV at diagnosis of ITP was lower than the normal control. MPV and PDW could not predict the course of ITP patients, but MPV could distinguish good early responders. More research is needed to find out the reasons of decreased MPV at diagnosis of ITP.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.420-428
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• 2019

Although marine structures are a risk factor interfering with the passage of ships, there are no obvious guidelines on the required safety distance between ships and marine structures under regulations and laws. In this study, the width of the shipping route width was set based on the AIS data to analyze the separation distance between marine structures and ships, and the ships were classified by the length of each ship. By analyzing the distribution at marine structures, this study confirmed that the ships' traffic volume was in the form of normal distribution. To statistically analyze the separation distance between the traffic distribution results and the normal distribution of ships in this study, the traffic pattern analysis around the marine structures was performed. As a result, the traffic pattern was different by length and the recommended safety distance for each length is presented accordingly. Referring to the IMO (International Maritime Organization) the standard turning circle and reference of safety separation distance between ships and offshore wind turbines of the CESMA (Confederation of European Shipmasters' Associations) and P IANC (World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructures), the analysis was conducted on ships that did not follow the set distance among the AIS data by setting the distance within the recommended ship safety distance to 5-7 overall length. As a result, the 5.5 length over all of the safety recommendations were selected as appropriate, and based on the above results, the two cases recommending ship safety distance were proposed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2009

Background/aim : Atherosclerotic disease at the origin of the vertebral arteries is one of the risk factors for vertebrobasilar ischemic disease. Assessment and visualization of the origin of the vertebral arteries with color doppler sonography is a non-trivial task. The aim of this study is to increase the visualization rate of the origin of the vertebral arteries with color doppler sonography. Materials and Methods : Color doppler sonography for the vertebral arteries included carotid arteries was performed to 198 patients. We first examined the vertebral artery in the upper neck in the direction of the subclavian artery to distinguish its origin more easily. If the vertebral artery origin was not visualized in natural position, the examiner pushed the transducer toward a clavicle or pushed the shoulder of patient by the other hand. The technical methods for visualization of the vertebral artery origin were classified into three grades: natural position, pushing the transducer, and pushing the shoulder of patient according to the depth (3.0 cm and shallower, deeper than 3.0 cm) of the origin. Results : The origin of the vertebral arteries could be visualized in 97% on the right and in 92% on the left. The origin of the vertebral arteries could be visualized in 98.6%, 1.4%, and 0.0% in natural position, pushing the transducer, and pushing the shoulder of patient, respectively, at shallower than 3.0 cm on the right side. The origin of the vertebral arteries could be visualized in 81.2%, 14.6%, and 4.2% in natural position, pushing the transducer, and pushing the shoulder of patient, respectively, at deeper than 3.0 cm on the right side. The origin of the vertebral arteries could be visualized in 85.4%, 10.7%, and 3.9% in natural position, pushing the transducer, and pushing the shoulder of patient, respectively, at shallower than 3.0 cm on the left side. The origin of the vertebral arteries could be visualized in 55.7%, 30.4%, and 13.9% in natural position, pushing the transducer, and pushing the shoulder of patient, respectively, at deeper than 3.0 cm on the left side. Conclusion : If the examiner pushes the transducer toward a clavicle or pushes the shoulder of patient by the other hand, when the vertebral artery origin during the color doppler sonography is not visualized in natural position, visualization rate of the origin of the both vertebral arteries is increased.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 1984

Seven seed samples of corn obtained from Kangweon Provincial Office of Rural Development, Kerea were tested for seed-borne fungi, and found that all the samples tested were infected with Fusarium moniliforme to an extent of $6.0{\sim}79.5%$. Severely infected seed samples showed poor germination on blotter. Seed component plating showed that the fungus present not only in tip caps, pericarps and endosperms, but also in embryos. Heavy infection of the fungus caused severe seed rot and seedling blight in soil, but the damage was not severe and many plants grew without any symptoms when the seeds with light infection were sown in soil. However the fungus was frequently detected from inside of the stems of healthy looking seedlings. The results indicate that the fungus transmit from seed to plant systemically. In inoculation experiments, the fungus produced stem rots on corn plants of 110 days old. The cultivar of Hwangok 3 was revealed more susceptible to the fungus than that of Suweon 19.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.354-364
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• 2008

The variability in the phosphorus concentrations and the decomposition rates of organic phosphorus were measured in two rivers, the Youngsan River and the Sumjin River through four surveys in June, August and December of 2006 and February of 2007. Water samples were incubated for 20 days in a dark incubator and the change of forms of phosphorus (POP, DOP, DIP) were analyzed. By fitting the change to four types of models the decomposition rates of organic phosphorus were determined. The mean total organic phosphorus (TOP) decomposition rate coefficients in the Youngsan River and the Sumjin River were $0.036day^{-1}$ and $0.035day^{-1}$, respectively. In POP$\rightarrow$DIP model, the average decomposition rate coefficients in the Youngsan River and the Sumjin River were 0.049 and $0.035day^{-1}$, respectively. The average POP decomposition rate coefficients of POP$\rightarrow$DOP$\rightarrow$DIP model were $0.042day^{-1}$ and $0.038day^{-1}$ in the Youngsan River and Sumjin River respectively while the mean DOP decomposition rate coefficients were $0.255day^{-1}$ and $0.244day^{-1}$, respectively. In the Youngsan River, the mean POP$\rightarrow$DOP decomposition rate coefficient and POP$\rightarrow$DIP decomposition rate coefficient of POP$\rightarrow$DOP$\rightarrow$DIP, POP$\rightarrow$DIP model were $0.039day^{-1}$ and $0.007day^{-1}$, respectively. And in the Sumjin River, the above decomposition rate coefficients were $0.031day^{-1}$ and $0.004day^{-1}$, respectively. The decomposition rate coefficients measured in this study might be applicable for modeling of river water quality.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.408-416
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• 1992

Stable TiS$i_2$was formed by RTA on single-Si and on poly-Si. Subsequently, an Al-1% Si layer with 600-nm thick was deposited on top of the TiS$i_2$, Finally, the specimens were annealed for 30min at 400-60$0^{\circ}C$in $N_2$ambient. The thermal stability of Al-1% Si/TiS$i_2$bilayer and interfacial reaction were investigated by measuring sheet resistance, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition and phase of precipitates formed by the reaction of Al-1% Si with Ti-silicide were studied by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the case of single-Si substrate the reaction of Al-1% Si layer with TiS$i_2$layer resulted in precipitates, consuming all TiS$i_2$layer at 55$0^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the disappearance of TiS$i_2$on poly-Si occurred at 50$0^{\circ}C$ and more precipitates were formed by the reaction of Al-1% Si/TiS$i_2$on potty-Si substrate than those of the reaction on single-Si substrate. This phenomenon resulted from the fact that Ti-silicide formed on poly-Si was more unstable than on single-Si by the effect of grain boundary. By EDS analysis the precipitates were found tobe composed of Ti, Al, and Si. X-ray diffraction showed the phase of precipitates to be theT$i_7$A$l_5$S$i_12$ternary compound.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.653-658
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• 2002

The cause and clinical course of the postoperative ARDS is, as of yet, not very well understood. The current study is a review of our experience on patients with ARDS after thoracotomy. Material and Method: Between Jan. 1996 to Aug. 2001, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 32 post-thoracotomy ARDS patients among 4018 patients receiving thoracotomy inclusive of thoracoscopic surgery. Result: The incidence of ARDS after pneumonectomy cases was 5.3%(13/245), 1.3% after lobectomy(9/ 710), and 4.4% after esophageal surgery(10/226). Of the 32 ARDS patients, 31 had malignant disease. The remaining 1 patient had aspergillosis. In the majority, the cause of ARDS was unknown. The average onset was on the 7.4th postoperative day. In 10 cases, the initial lesion was in the right lower lung field(31.2%), in the left lower lung field in 9(28.1%), and in both lower lung fields in 12(37.5%) cases. In all, the initial lesion was in the lower lung fields in 96.9% of the cases(31/32). There was a significant relationship between the development of ARDS and intraoperative I/O balance. The overall mortality rate was 65.6%(21/32). In the earlier period of the study(1996-Jun, 1998) the mortality rate was 100%, but in the latter period(July, 1998-Aug, 2001) it was significantly reduced to 47.6%: Conclusion: The current data showed a higher incidence of postoperative ARDS in patients with malignant disease and in those receiving extensive lymph node dissection with either lobectomy or pneumonectomy, and also in patients receiving esophageal surgery. In addition, introperative fluid overload was also associated with an increased incidence of ARDS. Treatment outcome could be improved with prone positioning and NO gas inhalation.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of D2 lymphadenectomy in elderly patients with gastric cancerby comparing the surgical outcomes and postoperative courses between an elderly group and a control group undergoing the same procedure. Materials and Methods: Clinical information was reviewed for 1251 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy between May 2004 and May 2007. Patients were classified into the following two groups: an elderly group (older than the average life span in Korea) and a control group (younger than the elderly group). Clinicopathologic features and postoperative courses after D2 lymphadenectomy were reviewed and compared between the two groups. Results: There were a total of 120 (9%) elderly group patients among all those reviewed, and 86 (72.2%) of them underwent D2 lymphadenectomy. There was 27.5% postoperative morbidity in the elderly group, which was significantly different from thecontrol group (12.8%, p=0.003). However, on multivariate analysis, ASA score and combined resection were independent predictive factors of postoperative complications, while age was not predictive. Conclusion: Older age is not a predictive factor of postoperative complications in itself, and D2 lymphadenectomy can be safely performed in elderly patients with gastric cancer, provided they have good ASA scores and do not undergo accompanying combined resection.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2008

Purpose: The early detection of gastric cancer and accuracy of preoperative staging has currently been on the increase due to the development of endoscopy and imaging techniques, but there are still many cases of advanced gastric cancer detected at the first diagnosis and there are also many cases of stage IV gastric cancer diagnosed after a postoperative pathological examination. Although the prognosis of stage IV gastric cancer is very poor, this study was performed to determine the value of the use of aggressive treatment determined after a clinical analysis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 150 patients that were diagnosed with stage IV gastric cancer among 1376 patients who underwent a laparotomy for gastric cancer from January 1994 to December 2006. Results: Of the 150 patients with stage IV gastric cancer who underwent a laparotomy, there were 104 men and 46 women. The mean patient age was 57.8 years (age range, 28~93 years). A subtotal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy was performed in 119 patients and 31 patients underwent an explorative laparotomy. The mean survival time of patients that underwent a gastrectomy and patients that did not undergo a gastrectomy was 722 days (range, 14~4,559 days) and 173 days (range, 16~374 days), respectively this result was statistically significant. When patients that underwent a gastrectomy were classified according to the TNM stage, the mean survival time of 33 patients with stage T4 disease was 534 days (range, 17~3,378 days) and the mean survival time of 63 patients with stage N3 disease was 521 days (range, 14~4,190 days), but there was no statistical significance. Chemotherapy was administered to 98 patients and 52 patients did not receive chemotherapy. The mean survival time of patients that received chemotherapy was 792 days (range, 36~4,559 days) and the mean survival time of patients that did not receive chemotherapy was 243 days (range, 14~2,413 days), with statistical significance. Conclusion: If there is no evidence of distant metastasis in stage IV gastric cancer, one can expect improvement of the survival rate by the use of aggressive treatment, including curative gastric resection with radical lymph node dissection and chemotherapy.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.3 s.68
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• pp.353-370
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the structural parts of the craniofacial skeleton subsequent to chincap therapy in the juvenile skeletal Class III patients. The subject consisted of 29 Korean children(14 males, 15 females) who had skeletal Class III malocclusion and were undergone chincap therapy from the beginning of the treatment (and an auxilliary upper removable appliance, if necessary). The control group was composed of 21 children(10 males, 11 females) with skeletal Class III malocclusion who had no orthodontic treatment. Cephalometric data at the mean age of 7 and 2 years later were analyized by finite element method, and compared between groups by independent group t-test(p<0.05). The results of the present study were as follows; 1. There were no significant changes in the cranial base, posterior face, upper anterior face, ramus, chin and soft tissues by the chincap therapy. 2. The mandibular body showed significant differences in the minimum extention ratio and the overall shape ratio. This means that the vertical direction of growth was retarded by the chincap therapy. 3. The major direction of the growth in the maxillary basal bone was significantly more horizontal in the experimental group, which suggests that the vertical growth of maxilla was inhibited. 4. There was statistical difference in the major direction of the growth of the anterior face between groups. This may be due to the significant difference in the major direction of growth of the lower anterior face, supposed to be resulted from the mandibular rotation and/or displacement by the chincap therapy. The change in the oral functional space seemed to be caused by the same reason. 5. From the standpoint of these results, the retardation of growth, the changes of the growth direction and the morphological changes could be accepted partly, but the major effect of the chincap seems to be the rotation and the displacement of the mandible.