• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.653-666
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate factors related to experience rate of low back pain(LBP) in the high school students, a questionnaire survey was carried out for 778 high school students in Andong city Kyungsang Pook province from 28th June to 10th July, 1993. The results were as follows: The experience rate of LBP for 778 high school students who were interviewed was 27.1 %. Unknown(47.4 %) was the highest in the cause of LBP. The experience rate of a academical high school students (57.8 %) was higher than the technical high school students(42.7 %) in association according to LBP and school division(P = 0. 001). The experience rate of 18 years old above students (60.2 %) was higher than 17 years old below school students(39.8 %%) in association between LBP and age(P = 0.031). The experience rate of students who go to bed at the hot floored bed (80.1 %) was higher than students who go to bed at the bed room (11.8 %) in association between LBP and room type(P = 0.012). The statisticaly significant variables related to LBP were school division, age and stress. It was revealed by this survey that independent variables related to LBP experience rate of high school students were important health problem. So the prospective research is need by those variables.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2005

The residual study of pesticide has been used in various areas, such as food safety, environmental protection, establishment of tolerance, and explaining the pathway and reaction mode of pesticides, and its importance was expected to increase further more. The aspect of food safety, the pesticide residue survey have been practiced at many organizations, but there were no verification of analytical results at present. In this experiment, we focused on instrumental stability, including response of each instrument and the recovery ratio of each organization's method. As samples for this experiment, we prepared cucumber and sesame, and chose 4 pesticides (bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and ethoprophos), which were mostly detected from pesticide residue survey and widely used for each crop. The standard deviation of peak areas in the chromatogram of each pesticide were under 1.212 %, so it showed that most instruments were stable. The relationship of recovery ratio of each organization were over 0.996 for every pesticide and each organization. Finally, the analytical results for pesticide residue from each participated organization were not statically significant and we could put confidence in the result from each organization.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1083-1091
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• 2016

This research uses public transportation card data to analyze the inter-regional transfer times, transfer frequencies, and transfer resistance that passengers experience during transit amongst the metropolitan public transportation modes. Currently, mode transfers between bus and rail are recorded up to five times during one transit movement by Trip Chain, facilitating greater comprehension of intermodal movements. However, lack of information on what arises during these transfers poses a problem in that it leads to an underestimation of transfer resistances on the Trip Chain. As such, a path choice model that reflects passenger movements during transit activities is created, which attains explanatory power on transfer resistance through its inclusion of transfer times and frequencies. The methodology adopted in this research is to first conceptualize the idea of metropolitan public transportation transfer, and in the case that mode transfers include the city-rail, to newly conceptualize the idea of transfer resistance using transportation card data. Also, the city-rail path choice model within the Trip Chain is constructed, with transfer time and frequency used to reevaluate transfer resistance. Further, in order to align bus and city-rail station administrative level small-zone coordinates to state and regional level mid-zone coordinates, the big node methdod is utilized. Finally, case studies on trip chains using at least one transfer onto the city-rail is used to determine the validity of the results obtained.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.73-96
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 1980년대 중반부터 약 10여년 동안 현저한 출생시 성비불균형을 경험한 대구지역의 경산부들을 대상으로 아들을 낳기 위한 노력에 미치는 요인들을 밝히는데 있다. 1998년 4월부터 6월까지의 3개월동안 대구지역의 6개 종합병원에 내원한 임산부들 가운데 출산 경험이 있는 경산부를 대상으로 실시한 설문조사자료를 사용하였으며 경산부의 아들 낳기 노력에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 규명하기 위하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 도입하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 대구지역의 경산부들은 여성에 대한 성차별을 많이 느끼고 있을 뿐만 아니라 아들 선호의식 역시 상당히 높은 것으로 나타났다. 연구대상자들의 24.7%는 임신 전 아들을 낳기 위한 노력은 한 경험이 있다고 응답하였으며 12.2%는 태아의 선별적 인공유산을 통하여 아들을 낳기 위한 노력을 시도한 경험이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과에 따르면 여성에 대한 성차별, 아들선호의식, 자녀 가운데 아들이 없는 경우, 인공임신중절수술 및 연령 등의 요인들이 조사대상자들의 아들을 낳기 위한 노력에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 보아 대구지역의 출생시 성비가 다른 지역보다 높은 이유는 아들을 선호하고 여성을 차별하는 의식의 기반이 되었던 과거 농경 중심사회의 오랜 전통이 상대적으로 많이 남아있는 보수적인 성향의 결과라 할 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라 이러한 성향이 소자녀관으로 변화된 현대에 있어도 아들 하나는 꼭 낳아야겠다는 강한 집념이 현대 의료기기의 발달 및 보급과 의료인들의 영리추구와 이해관계가 부합됨으로써 생겨난 결과로 볼 수 있다. 시설입소의 인종간 차이를 통제할 때 소수인종노인이 백인노인보다 쉽게 자녀동거에서 단독거주로 이행하는데 이는 소수인종에서 가족부양체계가 불안정함을 의미한다. 또한 빈곤시에 소수인종 노인은 백인노인에 비하여 쉽게 자녀와 떨어져 살게 된다. 이러한 결과는 소수인종 노인에 대한 가족의 지원은 그 가족의 경제적 제약속에서 매우 안정적이지 못함을 시사한다. 못함을 시사한다.로 판단된다.(가솔린, 등유, 경유)로 회수 가능하였다..01 (n=10), 4세포기배는 1.05$\pm$0.09 (n=10)를 나타냄으로써 수정란의 단계마다 $E_2$의 반응 결과가 차이가 남을 알 수 있었다. 4. $E_2$농도 곡선에서 PMSG 처리 후 $E_2$의 혈중농도는 계속적인 상승을 보이다가 배란시기에 최고치를 나타내었으며, 배란 후 다시 감소하여 8세포기에서는 급격한 감소현상이 나타났다. 이후 다시 상실기를 거쳐 배반포기 임신기간동안 $E_2$의 농도가 상승하였다. 5. $E_2$처리 후 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도변화의 결과로, $E_2$를 처리하지 않은 난자들의 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도는 836.4$\pm$131.2 (n=10), $E_2$를 처리한 난자들은 1736.4$\pm$192.0 (n=10)로써 유의한 (P<0.05) 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 $E_2$처리에 의한 세포내

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 2010

This study, using questionnaires to target Servicemen were investigating. Study period of 2009 October to 24 was 20 days. All 600 questionnaires distributed affair, but 565 cases were collected. The purpose of the this study was serviceman investigate the actual conditions of utilization of private hospitals and awareness for the level of military hospital medical service as well as to the selection of future for the private hospitals is to finding. Results of the study are as follows: Outpatient utilization rate of each other the military hospital and private hospitals was 60.7% and 18.9%.(p<.000) The results of frequency study of the factors which affect the private hospital is satisfaction of medical workforce(58.9%), medical equipment and facilities(49.6%), etc. The choice of hospital were inpatient and outpatient both the selected by private hospitals. Had to prefer a private hospital were statistically significant (p<.005). In conclusion, to increase the preference of the military hospital is level of private hospital health care level of should be to developed. More support to financial should provide for medical workforce and setting of cutting edge medical equipment in the military hospital. Military hospital is should be competition with private hospital. Also should be improve the quality of military medical service.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.411-416
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• 2010

In this study a survey was conducted with tenth, eleventh, and twelfth-graders in some academic and vocational high schools in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, and South Chungcheong Province from April 3 to 30, 2009; then, 600 questionnaires returned were analyzed, obtaining the following results. It was found that there were some differences in subjective perception and behavior among some high school students by school type (p<0.001). This suggests the need to make systematic programs within curricula for oral health education and prevention programs that practically help to improve oral health.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.209-226
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• 2014

This study investigates invention and patent specialized high school teachers' understanding of terminology and their meaning differences in the realm of invention, career-specific, and freestyle Invention according to background variables. The population of this research consists of 333 teachers currently employed in invention and patent specialized high school and complete enumeration survey has been used. To analyze the terminology understanding and their meaning differences, total of 216 questionnaires have been collected and 211 of them (63.4%) were used, excluding the ones with insincere answers. The results of this study are as follows. First, in regard to invention, carrer-specific, freestyle Invention terminology understanding, established teachers showed higher results over new teachers. In addition, experienced teachers showed higher results over inexperienced teachers, and teachers with in-service training experiences showed higher results over the ones without. Second, when it came to understanding the terminology differences in the three realms, the new teachers showed higher results than the established teachers, inexperienced teachers over those with teaching experiences, and ones who have never taken any in-service training showed higher results than the ones with training experiences. The ones who answered 'don't know' regarding the meaning differences among terminology were established teachers over new teachers, experienced teachers over inexperienced teachers, and in-service training recipients over the ones without.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.21-38
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze an experience of field practice perceived by vocational teachers. Data for analysis were collected from 689 vocational teachers who participated in the training at the Center for in-service teacher education in the School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University and at the Center for in-service teacher education of Chungnam National University. After screening, 685 responses were used in the analysis. As a result, it turned out that only 112 vocational teachers(16.5%) participated in the field practice for more than 4 weeks when they were in pre-service education. However, vocational teachers seemed to perceive that experience of field practice was generally required in pre-service education(average 4.07). In-depth questionnaire was conducted on 143 respondents who replied that they participated in field practice program for more than 4 weeks and those who participated in the program for less than 4 weeks but completed the paperwork. Most of vocational teachers who participated in field practice were placed in small and medium sized enterprises, stayed at home or relatives' home and commuted by the bus or subway. In this research, 34.8% of the vocational teachers who participated in field practice received financial compensation and 80.3% of the teachers got credit recognition. The perception of satisfaction on field practice program was found to be moderate(average 3.51).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.227-236
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• 2016

Co-creation is an important approach to innovation that uses internal and external sources for value creation. This study identified the effects of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and the moderating effects of activation factors using multiple regression and moderated multiple regression. To this end, 181 usable questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The result of analysis showed that intrinsic motivation had the significant meaning and the moderating effects of activation factors on the relationship between extrinsic motivation and co-creation participation exist. Companies may use this result to activate the co-creation participation of the customer. The future study analyzed by survey responses in multiple layers will improve the generalization of the study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8707-8718
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to construct a hypothetic model for the influential theoretical variables for the facial cosmetic resurgery intention of female college students with cosmetic surgery experience and to examine the compatability of the re-surgery intention model with real data. The subjects in this study were 320 selected female college students who had undergone cosmetic surgery. After a survey was conducted from July 15 to September 20, 2014, the answer sheets from 300 respondents were gathered, and the answer sheets from 295 respondents were analyzed except for the five ones that included uncertain answers. As a result, it's ascertained that cognitive dissonance was under the direct influence of post-surgery satisfaction with appearance, self-esteem, subjective norm and lookism.. Self-esteem, subjective norm and lookism had a direct impact on resurgery intention, and self-esteem and lookism affected resurgery intention both in direct and indirect ways through the medium of cognitive dissonance. The findings of the study are expected to provide useful information on the development of nursing intervention programs geared toward promoting physical and mental health.