• Monthly Duck's Village
• /
• s.85
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2010

물새류의 생산물은 총 인구수의 영양학적 기준을 향상시킬 수 있다. 물새류는 사료에 있어서 인간의 식재료와 경합이 적다. 닭과 비교하였을 때, 오리와 거위는 현재 고기 및 식란 생산에 미미한 수준이다. 하지만 특정 국가에서는 오리와 거위로부터 많은 양의 고기와 식란을 생산하고 있으며 지난 20년간 생산이 급격히 증가하였다. 오리고기 생산량은 1991년 76만톤에서 2007년 220만톤으로 상승세를 보였으며, 이는 총 가금산물의 6.6%에 해당하는 양이다. 오리 및 거위고기를 가장 많이 생산하는 나라는 중국으로 각각 전 세계 생산량의 65%, 94%를 차지하고 있다. 중국과 동남아시아 몇 국가에서는 오래전부터 오리식란을 소비해 왔으며, 이는 총 소비량의 10~30%를 차지하고, 물새류의 깃털 및 다운도 널리 이용되고 있다. 오리와 거위를 사육하는 전업농가는 동물 복지와 친환경 등의 요구수준에 맞춰 사육, 영양관리 등을 하는 데 많은 노력을 기울일 필요가 있다. 이러한 농가들은 적절한 기술 및 향상된 개체 확보를 통하여 생산성, 수익, 안전성을 향상할 수 있도록 한다. 효율적인 물새 사양 관리를 위하여 잠재 성장력 활용, 자연 행동 수행, 복지 관리 등 쾌적한 환경 제공이 필요하다. 물새류는 닭에 비해 고온 습윤한 지역에서 잘 견디며, 이러한 조건 하에 물새류는 중요한 식량자원으로 활용될 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.75-113
• /
• 1982

Studies were carried out 1) to define the shape and size of sampling quadrat and its number of observations for weed experiments, 2) to characterize the growth and community of major summer weeds under upland condition and 3) to investigate the factors influencing competition between weeds and soybeans under weed-free and weedy conditions in early and late season cultures. No significant difference was noted among different shapes of quadrat (regular, rectangular, band, and circular) in the sampling efficiency of weeds. The results also suggested that the minimum size of quadrat was 0.25$m^2$ and the minimum number of replication was 2 times per plot. The major dominant weeds were about 10 species in the experimental field and the total number of weeds was in the range of 70 - 1,600 plants per $m^2$. Among the weeds Digitaria sanguinalis and Portulaca oleracea were the most dominant species. Growth amount and reproduction capability were also measured by weed species. Five different weed communities were identified in the field. The degree of dispersion by weed species and association among weeds were investigated. Intra-(within soybeans) and inter-specific (between soybeans and weeds) competition were studied in early and late season cultures of soybeans. The average yield of soybeans per plant was significantly decreased in both season cultures due to intra-specific competition as the planting density of soybeans increased, On the other hand, the average yield of soybeans per l0a was proportionally increased to the increase of planting density and the rate of its increase was more significant under weedy than weed-free condition. Most of the agronomic characteristics of soybeans were affected by weeds and its degree was greater in sparse planting than in dense planting and in early season than in late-season culture. Digitaria sanguinalis was the most competitive to soybeans in early season and both of Digitaria sanguinalis and Portulaca oleracea affected primarily the growth of soybeans in late season with about the same competitiveness. The occurrence of weeds was significantly decreased in early season and slightly decreased in late-season by dense planting of soybeans. The total growth amount of weeds was also considerably decreased by increase of soybean planting density both in early- and late-season cultures. The occurrence of Digitaria sanguinalis which was the most dominant in both seasons, and its growth amount was significantly decreased as the planting density of soybean was increased. On the other hand, the occurrence of Portulaca oleracea which was only dominant in late-season culture did not show significant response to the planting density of soybeans.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.412-420
• /
• 2010

Weeds are known to cause enormous losses due to their interference in agro ecosystems. Because of environmental and human health concerns, worldwide efforts are being made to reduce the heavy reliance on synthetic herbicides that are used to control weeds. In this regard phytotoxicity of allelochemical sorgoleone, which is a major component of the hydrophobic root exudates of Sorghum bicolor was evaluated in different weed species and also its crop selectivity in greenhouse and field conditions. Sorgoleone strongly inhibited the growth of different weeds by pre-emergence and post-emergence applications both in greenhouse and field conditions. Post-emergence application of sorgoleone on 21-day-old weed seedlings had a greater inhibitory effect than the pre-emergence application. Again, broadleaf weed species were more susceptible than grass species to the application of sorgoleone at both stages of growth. Growth of broadleaf weed species was suppressed by greater than 80% for most of the weed species except a few species and among them the species Rumex japonicus and Galium spurium were completely suppressed at $200{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ sorgoleone. Like greenhouse trial, sorgoleone was more effective for broadleaf weed species followed by sedge and grass weed species in the field condition. The growth inhibition of weeds was slightly lower in field condition compared to greenhouse condition. The crop species like rice, barley, wheat, corn, perilla, tomato, soybean and Chinese cabbage were tolerant to sorgoleone while lettuce and cucumber were slightly susceptible to sorgoleone. Consequently, sorgoleone may be applied to control weeds in organic farms without affecting the growth of crop.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.740-744
• /
• 1994

This study was undertaken to prove the suppressing effect of green tea on the intestinal absorption of heavy metals using in vitro membrane filtration system. From drinking water contaminated with 10 and 100 times level of water quality standard for heavy metals, the removal ratio of lead (Pb) was $50{\sim}70%$ by green and black teas, and $30{\sim}40%$ by roasted barley tea. The removal ratio of cadmium (Cd) was $30{\sim}40%$ by green tea and black teas, and $10{\sim}20%$ by roasted barley tea. The removal effect from drinking water contaminated with both lead and cadmium was lower than that from water contaminated singly with lead or cadmium. It appears that tea components and filter membrane compete toward the adsorption of two heavy metals. Among the extraction conditions of raw tea materials at $70^{\circ}C$, 2 minutes and $95^{\circ}C$ , 10 minutes, the removal ratios of heavy metals were similar.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 2007

This experiment was carried out to compare weed occurrence and to evaluate the field performance of some leguminous plant species under no-weeding fallow condition during summer months from middle of June to middle of August. In 2005 and 2006, the first dominant weed species was Digitaria sanguinalis, and other major weed species, such as Cyperus amuricus, Portulaca oleracea, and Amaranthus retroflexus, were similar among treatments. In both years, total shoot dry weight of weeds was the highest In the control plot, and the lowest in the cowpea plot, indicating that cowpea most effectively suppressed the growth of weeds among treatments. When the growth of four different leguminous species were compared after seeding during middle of June in 2006, cowpea and rice bean grew vigorously under no-weeding condition during hot and humid summer months, while wild soybean and hairy vetch did not. Shoot dry weight was in the order of cowpea > rice bean > wild soybean > hairy vetch. In conclusion, cowpea is a leguminous species which can be used as a green manure cover crop during summer months under no-weeding and our climate condition. Further works are needed to use cowpea as a green cover crop during summer months for various cropping systems.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 1970

호르몬의 면역학적(免疫學的) 측정법(測定法)은 내분비학적(內分泌學的)인 입장(立場)에서 가장 중요(重要)한 연구방법(硏究方法)의 하나이며, 또한 핵의학적(核醫學的) 입장(立場)에서도 방사성(放射性) 동위원소(同位元素)를 이용(利用)한 성체관내(誠體管內) 측정(測定)의 하나로 중요(重要)한 位置를 차지하고 있다. 이 방법(方法)의 일반원리(一般原理)는 방사성(放射性) 동위원소(同位元素)로 표지(標識)된 호르몬이 특정항체(特定抗體)에 대(對)하여 가역적(加逆的)으로 반응(反應)하고, 표지(標識)된 항원-항체(抗原-抗體) 복합체(複合體)를 형성(形成)하는데 근거(根據)를 두고 있다. 단일(單一) system내(內)에서 표지(標識)되지 않은 호르몬이 표지(標識)된 호르몬과 면역학적(免疫學的)으로, 특정항체(特定抗體)에 대(對)해 경합적(競合的)으로 작용(作用)하기 때문에, 실제적(實際的)으로는 일정량(一定量)의 표지(標識)된 호르몬과 일정량(一定量)의 항체(抗體)가 있는 조건(條件)하에서 미지성료(未知誠料)와 알려진 양(量)의 호르몬을 가진 표준(標準) 호르몬을 동시(同時)에 처리(處理)하여, 표준곡선(標準曲線)을 얻고, 여기에서 미지성료(未知誠料)의 흐르몬 양(量)을 추정(推定)하게 된다. 이때 경합적(競合的)으로 결합(結合)한 표지(標識)호르몬(bound form)과 결합(結合)하지 못한 표지(標識)호르몬(free form)을 분리(分離)하는 것이 필요(必要)하며, 전기영동법(電氣泳動法), 이중항체법(二重抗體法), solid phase법(法), 염석법(鹽析法) 및 효소(酵素)에 의한 단백소산법(消散法) 등이 이 목적(目的)을 위해 개발(開發)되어 있다. 이 중(中)에서 전기영동법(電氣泳動法)은 변성(變性)된 호르몬 및 유리(遊離)된 방사성옥소(放射性沃素)를 알 수 있는 특장(特長)이 있고, 이중항체법(二重抗體法) 등은 다수(多數)의 성료(誠料)를 처리하거나, 시간(時間)을 단축(短縮)시키는 이점(利點)이 있다 호르몬에 방사성(放射性) 동위원소(同位元素)를 부착(附着)시키는 데에는 $^{131}I$ 및 $^{125}I$가 주(主)로 쓰이나, 각기 장단점(長短點)이 있으며, 높은 방사성(放射性) 활성도(活性度)를 얻기 위해 chloramine-T 및 Na-metabisulfite를 사용하는 부착방법(附着方法)이 주(主)로 사용된다. 미량의 호르몬을 실제 측정(測定)하기 때문에 표지(標識)호르몬의 비방사능도(比放射能度)가 높을 필요성(必要性)이 있으며, 이 경우에는 방사능(放射能)에 의(依)한 흐르몬의 변성(變性)이 큰 문제점으로 등장하게 된다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.953-958
• /
• 1996

A simple and rapid ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) system for fumonisins, a group of potentent carcinogen, was developed. To produce anti-fumonisin B1 (FB1) antibodies, FB1 conjugated to keyhole lympet hemocyanin (KLH) and Freund's adjuvant were immunized into rabbits subcutaneously 3 times. From one of the antisera showing high titer and good competition with the toxin in ELISA, polyclonal antibodies were purified. The cross-reactivities of the antibodies against fumonisin $B_1,\;B_2\;and\;B_3$ were 100%, 69%, and 166%, respectively. When competitive direct ELISA established by use of the antibody was applied to the spike test of $FB_1$ onto uncontaminated corns, the assay recovery was unstable unless 75% methanol extracts of corn were diluted to 1/100 with buffer. In that condition the mean ELISA recovery of FB1 from corns spiked $1-30\;{\mu}g/g$ was 67% and stable (coefficient of variation (CV) of each recovery percentage, 3.4%). The results suggest that the ELISA system established in this study needs no cleanup procedure and therefore would be powerful to screen a large number of corn samples contaminated with fumonisins.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.88-96
• /
• 1995

The research was carried out in tray ($0.12m^2$) in greenhouse ($30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$${\sim}$$25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) equipped with Auto Foggy System (SAE KI RIN Co.) and results are summarized as follows: 1. Bifenox and bensulfuron retarded the growth of rice under foggy condition and the weeding efficacy among the herbicides tested was not different. 2. Weeds under foggy condition emerged at smaller amounts than under the non-foggy condition. bensulfuron, molinate and bifenox showed the high weeding efficacy. There was a tendency that molinate reduced the number of tillers at 20 and 60 days after transplanting. 3. Among the herbicides tested, only the molinate reduced the dry weight and yield of rice significantly.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 1974

This paper describes how location influences on the development of dairy farming. It compares Chuncheon, which in the mountains, Daejeon, which is a transportation center and on flat ground, and Incheon, which is the gate to Seoul and an industrial city. The results analyzed are summarized as follows : 1. Incheon, due to her vast market, influenced strongly on the development of management. But shortage of roughage for feeds is the critical problem there. 2. Owing to the side job of raising chicks, which involves 92% of dairy farmers there, Chuncheon does not make smooth utilization of vast grass pasture. 3. In Daejeon's case, running orchards concurrently is the problem. 4. There exists no gap in wages between the region. The labor supply is most affluent in Incheon and there is competition with other forms of agriculture in the mountainous area. 5. The full-time employee tends to be skillful in accordance with his career. Family labor has been skillful, but the full-time employee is very fluid and shows varieties of skill. 6. Because of the obscurity of the distribution of labor with other jobs in Chuncheon and Daejeon, many unspecialized men serve. 7. The prices of milk are different in each region. The income of dairy farmers is strongly influenced by the low purchasing price of milk plants, and this is one of the important factors hindering the development of dairy farm ing in Chuncheon.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.399-415
• /
• 2007

Many objects are always present in a visual scene. Since the visual system has limited capacity to process multiple stimuli at a time, how to cope with this informational overload is one of the important problems to solve in visual perception. This study investigated the suppressive interactions among multiple stimuli when attention was directed to either one of the stimuli or all of them. The results indicate that suppressive interactions among multiple circles were reduced in V4 when subjects paid attention to one of the four locations, as compared to the unattended condition. However, suppressive interactions were not reduced when they paid attention to all four items as a set, in order to compute their mean size. These results suggest that whereas focused attention serves to later out irrelevant information, distributed attention provides an average representation of multiple stimuli.