• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.360-368
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• 2006

Recently, performance of the mobile phone has increased dramatically. Due to this, it is possible to integrate various biotechnology. There are many ventures to integrate biotechnology with mobile phone, because of increasement interest of peoples well-being. The transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation can Improve the circulation of blood and suppress a pain. To integrate the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with mobile phone, it is necessity to make small, low power, and safe module. In this paper, the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation module is designed and implemented by small boost convertor. The value of tank capacitor, which is the total stimulus energy to human, can be chosen to insure safe condition. The confirm the of operation of designed module, a small micro-controller is used to make system and test the module. The implemented system is small and consumes a low enough power to be integrated with mobile phone.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2617-2624
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• 2012

Interferential currents (IFC) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) are used for pain management. This study compared the analgesic effects of IFC and TENS on experimentally induced ischemic pain in otherwise pain-free subjects using a modified version of the submaximal-effort tourniquet technique. The subjects were 14 volunteers (7 male, 7 female) without known pathology that could cause pain. Their mean age was $26.7{\pm}2.0$ years. A single-blind, sham controlled, parallel-group method was used. The primary outcome measure was the change in the self-report of pain intensity during 1 of 3 possible interventions: (1) IFC, (2) TENS, or (3) sham electrotherapy. The IFC and TENS were administered on the forearm, and the sham electrotherapy group received no current output via a dummy stimulator. The results show that a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that there was no change in pain intensity during treatment when all 3 groups were considered together. The mean to pain intensity with the IFC intervention was no different than with TENS. Thus, Statistical analysis showed that both interventions decreased the pain intensity ratings significantly and the difference between interventions was not simply insignificant. IFC has been shown to be more comfortable than TENS in present studies and is likely to be better accepted and tolerated by patients, clinical investigation is warranted.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2024

In this study, we aimed to determine the effect on cerebral blood vessels of various stimulus intensities using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). In particular, we wanted to monitor changes in blood flow and structural changes in the blood vessels in the common carotid artery (CCA) through low-intensity electrical stimulation that can cause non-perceptual sensory stimulation. Twenty-four healthy adults in their 20s participated in this study. Three stimulus intensities (below the sensory threshold, at the sensory threshold, and above the sensory threshold) were applied in random order. Changes in blood flow velocity according to the intensity of TENS stimulus were measured by placing the Doppler ultrasound transducer 1 cm below the CCA bifurcation, and the vascular structure was measured using B-mode imaging. C-mode Doppler and B-mode images were acquired before, during, and after the intervention for each stimulus, and changes in blood pressure were measured in each session. As a result, it was confirmed that peak systolic velocity (PSV) decreased significantly after the intervention in non-perceived sensory stimulation below the threshold, compared to other thresholds (p = .008). In particular, the PSV decreased by 3.04% on average compared to before stimulation (p = .011). However, there was no significant change in the CCA diameters before and after stimulation at all intensities. It was found that short-term, non-perceptual sensory stimulation was effective in reducing the blood flow rate without causing significant changes in either the blood vessel diameter or blood pressure. This change appears to be caused by a decrease in blood flow due to the effect of subtle vasodilation at non-perceptual sensory stimulation, and at stimulation intensity higher than that, the sympathetic nerves in the blood vessels are stimulated excessively and the blood vessels constrict. Therefore, this study can be rated as an important attempt to control blood flow through stimulation without such a psychological burden and sensory discomfort in the carotid area.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.79-87
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• 2019

This study examined how the application of silver spike point (SSP) and acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (A-TENS) on acupoints affects blood flow and pain threshold, using laser Doppler blood fluxes and the Commander algometer. Our study included 32 healthy men and women who were randomly divided into the SSP group (n=18) and the A-TENS group (n=14). The pain threshold and blood flow were measured at the Neiguan (PC6) of the Jueyin Pericardium Meridian of the hand. SSP was performed with a 2.8cm electrode at a fixed frequency of 3 Hz for 15 minutes. The change in blood flow and pain threshold after the intervention significantly differed between the two groups (p<0.05). We found that the application of SSP and A-TENS on an acupoint altered their blood flow and pressure pain threshold, with SSP resulting in significantly greater change than A-TENS. Based on these results, the convergence of acupoint and electrical stimulation therapy can be usefully applied as a method for various patients. Continued development of convergence interventions is necessary.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.320-329
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• 2009

This research attempts to develop a method to relieve dysmenorrhea, which is an obstacle to many women's social activities, by designing a smartwear with built-in thermotherapy and TENS device. TENS therapy has the advantages of being controlled by patients and not depending on the use of drugs. The TENS device is designed as a stomach band so as to be unnoticeable to others when outer clothes are worn; the size was minimized and attached to underwear to facilitate use everywhere at any time. A current problem is the limitation of minimizing, but as battery technology is further developed, we can anticipate much smaller devices. The development of aforementioned smartwear function will increase women's choices in occupations and general improvement in quality of life.