• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.551-559
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• 2007

This study was to investigate if cervical vertebrae maturation stages are as useful as hand-wrist maturation stages in evaluating the mandibular growth. The subject consisted of 292 girls aged from 8 to 16 years with normal occlusion. They were classified according to diagnosis by using studycast, lateral cephalogram, and handwrist X-ray film. The results were as follow: 1. Cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist maturation stages increased with age. 2. All mandibular measurements (Ar-Go, Go-Me, N-Go, S-Gn, N-Me) increased linearly with cervical vertebrae maturation stages. 3. Ar-Go, Go-Me, N-Go, S-Gn increased linearly with hand-wrist maturation stages. 4. Ar-Go, Go-Me, N-Go, S-Gn increased relatively rapidly between cervical vertebrae maturation stages 3 and 4. Go-Me and S-Gn increased relatively rapidly between hand-wrist maturation stages 6 and 7. 5. Ar-Go, Go-Me, N-Go, S-Gn, N-Me had high correlations with cervical vertebrae maturation stages as well as hand-wrist maturation stages. These results suggest that cervical vertebrae maturation stages are reliable on evaluating the mandibular growth.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2009

Background/aim : Atherosclerotic disease at the origin of the vertebral arteries is one of the risk factors for vertebrobasilar ischemic disease. Assessment and visualization of the origin of the vertebral arteries with color doppler sonography is a non-trivial task. The aim of this study is to increase the visualization rate of the origin of the vertebral arteries with color doppler sonography. Materials and Methods : Color doppler sonography for the vertebral arteries included carotid arteries was performed to 198 patients. We first examined the vertebral artery in the upper neck in the direction of the subclavian artery to distinguish its origin more easily. If the vertebral artery origin was not visualized in natural position, the examiner pushed the transducer toward a clavicle or pushed the shoulder of patient by the other hand. The technical methods for visualization of the vertebral artery origin were classified into three grades: natural position, pushing the transducer, and pushing the shoulder of patient according to the depth (3.0 cm and shallower, deeper than 3.0 cm) of the origin. Results : The origin of the vertebral arteries could be visualized in 97% on the right and in 92% on the left. The origin of the vertebral arteries could be visualized in 98.6%, 1.4%, and 0.0% in natural position, pushing the transducer, and pushing the shoulder of patient, respectively, at shallower than 3.0 cm on the right side. The origin of the vertebral arteries could be visualized in 81.2%, 14.6%, and 4.2% in natural position, pushing the transducer, and pushing the shoulder of patient, respectively, at deeper than 3.0 cm on the right side. The origin of the vertebral arteries could be visualized in 85.4%, 10.7%, and 3.9% in natural position, pushing the transducer, and pushing the shoulder of patient, respectively, at shallower than 3.0 cm on the left side. The origin of the vertebral arteries could be visualized in 55.7%, 30.4%, and 13.9% in natural position, pushing the transducer, and pushing the shoulder of patient, respectively, at deeper than 3.0 cm on the left side. Conclusion : If the examiner pushes the transducer toward a clavicle or pushes the shoulder of patient by the other hand, when the vertebral artery origin during the color doppler sonography is not visualized in natural position, visualization rate of the origin of the both vertebral arteries is increased.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.24-26
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• 2016

To investigate the effects of the postural balance of TMJ using intraoral balancing appliance of functional cerebrospinal technique (FCST) combined acupuncture and manual medicine therapeutics in the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis. An idiopathic cervical dystonia case was managed with postural training with intraoral balancing appliance, combined with acupuncture and manual medicine therapeutics. Clinical assessment included radiography, Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale, and global clinical impression. Clinical improvement was observed over 5 months of treatment period. Clinical observational data on spasmodic torticollis provide an positive prospective for further investigation on the effect of FCST.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cervical pain and radiating pain after cervical traction for patients with cervical pain. This evaluation was made 81 persons who cervical pain or radiating pain. The result of this study were as following ; 1. There were statistically significant decrease in cervical pain and radiating pain after cervical traction. 2. A type group(only neck pain ; n=5) and B type group(neck to elbow radiating pain ; n=11), there were pain decreased but there were not significant difference (p>0.05), C type group(neck to shoulder radiating pain group ; n = 14) and D type group(neck to hand radiating pain group ; n = 50), there were pain decreased before test then after test by VAS and significant difference(p<0.05).

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 환자의 골다공증 유무에 따른 내고정 장치 시술 직후 및 융합 후의 안정성을 평가하기 위해 다양한 하중 모드에서 C5-C6 운동분절의 생체역학적 거동을 분석하였다. 이러한 목적으로 먼저, C5-C6 경추부의 유한요소 모델을 구현하여 검증하였다. 모델의 결과는 기존 실험치와 유사하여 신뢰성이 부여되었다. 검증된 모델은 Smith-Robinson 방식으로 골이식물을 삽입한 후 전방 내고정 장치를 적용한 시술 상황을 재현하기 위해 수정되었다. 수정된 모델은 두 종류로 구현되었다. (1) 첫 번째 모델에서는, 시술 직후의 상황을 재현하기 위해 골이식물과 종판의 경계면에 접촉요소를 사용하였다. (2)두 번째 모델에서는 완전히 융합된 상황을 나타내기 위해 골이식물을 종판에 고정하였다. 골다공증의 효과를 예측하기 위하여 두 모델의 해면골에 대한 탄성계수를 변화시켰다(정상: 100MPa, 골다공증: 40MPa). 각 모델의 C5 주체의 상위면에 73.6N의 압축 하중을 가한 후에 108Nm의 굴곡/신전, 굽힘, 비틀림 하중을 가하였으며, C6 추체의 하단면은 모든 방향에 대하여 구속하였다. 전체적인 결과에 있어서 상대적 회전운동, 미끄럼운동, 골이식물 내에서의 von Mises 응력의 경우 정상 모델에 비해 골다공증 모델에서 증가함을 보였으며, 특히 시술 직후의 모델에서 비틀림 하중이 가해진 경우, 상대적 회전운동 및 미끄럼 운동이 가장 높게 예측되었다. 이는 골다공증환자에게 전방 내고정 장치를 시술한 경우 골이식물의 파단 및 유합의 실패가 비틀림 하중에서 발생할 수 있음을 나타낸다. 해면골의 von Mises 응력은 시술 직후에 골다공증 모델의 모든 하중 모드에서, 유합 후에는 굽힘 하중 외의 모든 하중에서 ultimate strength를 초과하는 것으로 나타나 골다공증 환자에게 screw의 해리가 발생할 가능성이 높은 것으로 예측되었다. 따라서 골다공증 환자에게 과도한 운동이 발생하지 않도록 하기 위해서 시술 후 세심한 주의와 halo 같은 견고한 정형술이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 1989

In an attempt to eliminate some negative aspects of conventional extensive laminectomy, 4 cases of multiple level of cervical compression myelopathy, 1 OPLL(ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament) and 3 cervical stenosis, were treated with a technique of expansive laminoplasty. Operative results in all patients were satisfactory without surgical complications and all patients had a neurological improvement. We suggest that our technique is more effective one for cervical canal enlargement with preservation of stability for treating multiple level of cervical canal stenosis, OPLL, and spondylosis than conventional extensive laminectomy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.303-308
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• 2019

Non-traumatic acute myelopathy caused by cervical disc herniation is rare. To date, no case has been reported to be caused by extrusion cervical disc herniation, unrelated to patient posture during surgery. Here, we report the case of a 65-year-old male patient with cervical myelopathy who underwent subsequent arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery under general anesthesia; non-cervical spine surgery. Ed. Notes: I am unable to understand the insertion of the highlighted phrase. Please delete if not required, or revise the sentence appropriately. Patient showed acute postoperative tetraplegia in spite of optimal anesthetic management. He showed no limitation of neck movement at pre-operative airway evaluation, and had no history of trauma to the cervical spine. During surgery, there had been no overextension or twisting of the neck, including at the time of anesthetic induction by tracheal intubation. However, cervical disc herniation causing spinal canal cord compression was detected in the postoperative magnetic resonance imaging, which probably resulted in tetraplegia of the patient. Motor and sensory functions were recovered after 21 days of conservative treatment, including steroid pulse intravenous therapy without any surgical intervention. In this report, the disease is described after reviewing other reported cases; furthermore, we also discuss the pathophysiology of the disease. Based on our report, we propose that under general anesthesia, clinicians should pay attention to the possibility of pre-existing cervical disease, even in non-cervical spine surgeries of geriatric patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.1094-1097
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• 1998

Forestier's disease, also known as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH), is a peculiar type of senile ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine characterized by flowing ossification of the anterior and right lateral aspect of the vertebral column, particularly in the thoracic region. Although these patients are typically asymptomatic, there is documentation of a number of extraspinal manifestations including dysphagia, respiratory distress, dysphonia and cervial myelopathy. We report a case of Forestier's disease presenting with dyspnea in a 57-year old man, who have chronic cervical pain and bronchiectasis. Forestier's disease was diagnosed by cervical spine X-ray, neck CT. The patient was treated with oral steroid and then improved.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.2 s.79
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• pp.143-157
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• 2000

To investigate the developmental stages of dental and skeletal maturation by ages and the correlations among dental maturity, skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae, and that of hand-and-wrist, the author used the cephalograms, orthopantomograms, and hand-and-wrist radiograms of 1055 patients (male 458, female 597) aged 7 to 20 years old. In the cephalograms, the skeletal maturity stages of each bone were mainly assessed by Hassel and Farman's cervical vertebrae maturation indicators (CVMI) method. In the orthopantomograms, the dental maturity stages of each tooth were mainly assessed by Nolla's tooth calcification stages method. In the hand-and-wrist radiograms, the skeletal maturity stages of each bone were mainly assessed by Fishman's skeletal maturity indicators (SMI) method. The results were as follows. 1. There was a high correlation among dental maturity, skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae, and that of hand-and-wrist in the both sexes (P<0.001). 2. There was a high correlation (r=0.91-0.93) between skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae and that of hand-and-wrist. 3. There was a high correlation (r>0.8) between skeletal maturity of hand-and-wrist and maturity of upper and lower canine, first premolar, and second premolar. 4. There was high a correlation(r=0.8) between skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae and maturity of upper canine. 5. By the ages, dental maturity, skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae, and that of hand-and-wrist were obtained in the both sexes. In summary, dental maturity, skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae, and that of hand-and-wrist we of sufficient diagnostic worth as an index to predict adolescent growth.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.278-282
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• 2012

An esophageal perforation following anterior cervical fusion is rare. Early development of an esophageal perforation after anterior cervical fusion is usually due to iatrogenic injury from retraction, injury associated with the original traumatic incident, improperly placed instruments or a bone graft. A 31-year-old man had a cervical dislocation and spinal cord injury because of severe cervical trauma after a traffic accident. He was quadriplegic and had no feeling below T4 dermatome. Anterior decompression of the cervical spine and anterior fusion with mesh with autobone were performed. An esophagocutaneous fistula occurred 7 days after anterior cervical surgery. A second anterior surgery was done because of pus drainage. The mesh was changed with an iliac bone graft, and the esophagocutaneous fistula site was primary repaired, but pus continued to drain. Conservative treatment, which consisted of wound drainage and intravenous administration of antibiotics, was tried, but was unsuccessful. After all, we removed the plate and screws, but did not removed the iliac bone graft, We closed the esophageal fistula, and transposed the sternocleidomastoid muscle flap to the interspace between the esophagus and the cervical spine. The wound to the esophagus was well repaired. In conclusion, precautionary measures are needed to avoid the complication, and adequate treatment is necessary to resolve those complications when they occur.