• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2018

Severe earthquakes can cause damage to society both socially and economically. An appropriate initial response can alleviate damage from severe earthquakes. In order to formulate an appropriate initial response, it is necessary to identify damage situations in societies; however, it is difficult to grasp this information immediately after an earthquake event. In this study, an earthquake damage assessment methodology for buildings is proposed for estimating damage situations immediately after severe earthquakes. A response spectrum database is constructed to provide response spectra at arbitrary locations from earthquake measurements immediately after the event. The fragility curves are used to estimate the damage of the buildings. Earthquake damage assessment is performed from the response spectrum database at the building scale to provide enhanced damage condition information. Earthquake damage assessment for Gyeongju city and Pohang city were conducted using the proposed methodology, when an earthquake occurred on September 12, 2016, and November 15, 2017. Results confirm that the proposed earthquake damage assessment effectively represented the earthquake damage situation in the city to decide on an appropriate initial response by providing detailed information at the building scale.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1997년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 1997
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• pp.70-81
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• 1997

The intesity survery on the 26 June 1997 Kyeongju Earthquake whose magnitude is 4.3, has been made for 316 locations throughout southen park of Korean Peninsula, then we have investigated the intensities distribution of the earthquake. Because the earthquake was occurred during night time (03:50:23.19), the most people who live farather than about 200km from the epicenter did not feel the earthquake. Therefore, the intensities are estimated only from IV to V in this study. The iso-seismal intensity map shows that the shape of iso-seismal intensity is similar to the boundary of the Kyeongsang Basin. This phenomenon may indicates that the energy of the earthquake is trapped within the Kyeongsang Basin due to low velocity within the basin compared with the velocity outside of the basin. The travel time curves with 10 possible phases are used to identify the earquake records. The Pg and Sg phases are crearly shown in the records whose epicental distance is less than 60 km. The records of MUN and PCH stations located outside of the Kyiongsang Basin show different frequency compared with that of the other stations located within the Kyeongsang Basin.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권7_spc호
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• pp.537-543
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• 2016

In low to moderate seismic regions, there are limited earthquake ground motion data recorded from past earthquakes. In this regard, the Gyeongju earthquake (M=5.8)occurred on September 12, 2016 produces valuable information on ground motions. Ground motions were recorded at various recording stations located widely in Korean peninsula. Without actual recoded ground motions, it is impossible to make a ground motion prediction model. In this study, a point source model is constructed to accurately simulate ground motions recorded at different stations located on different soil conditions during the Gyeongju earthquake. Using the model, ground motions are generated at all grid locations of Korean peninsula. Each grid size has $0.1^{\circ}(latitude){\times}0.1^{\circ}(longitude)$. Then a contour hazard map is constructed using the peak ground acceleration of the simulated ground motions.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권7_spc호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2016

This study investigates important parameters used to determine an effective peak ground acceleration (EPGA) based on the characteristics of response spectra of historical earthquakes occurred at Korean peninsula. EPGAs are very important since they are implemented in the Korean Building Code for the seismic design of new structures. Recently, the Gyeongju earthquakes with the largest magnitude in earthquakes measured at Korea took place and resulted in non-structural and structural damage, which their EPGAs should need to be evaluated. This paper first describes the basic concepts on EPGAs and the EPGAs of the Gyeongju earthquakes are then evaluated and compared according to epicentral distances, site classes and directions of seismic waves. The EPGAs are dependant on normalizing factors and ranges of period on response spectrum constructed with the Gyeongju earthquake records. Using the normalizing factors and the ranges of period determined based on the characteristics of domestic response spectra, this paper draw a conclusion that the EPGAs are estimated to be about 30 % of the measured peak ground accelerations (PGA).

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권7_spc호
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• pp.461-472
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• 2016

Damage potential has been investigated for a domestic metropolitan railway bridge subjected to 2016 Gyeongju earthquake which has been reported as the strongest earthquake in Korea. For this purpose, nonlinear static pushover analyses for the bridge piers have been carried out to evaluate ductility capacities. Then, the capacities have been compared with those suggested by Railway Design Standards of Korea. This comparison shows that all piers possess enough safety margins. Nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis has also been conducted to estimate both displacement and shear force demands for the bridge subjected to ground motions recorded at stations in near of Gyeongju. Maximum demands reveal that response under the ground motions remains essentially in elastic. In addition, for a further assessment of the bridge under the Gyeongju earthquake, fragility analyses have been performed using those ground motions. The fragility results indicate that the recorded earthquakes do not significantly affect the damage exceedance probability of the bridge piers.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권7_spc호
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• pp.473-483
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• 2016

In this paper, seismic performance assessment has been examined for a mid-rise RC building subjected to 2016 Gyeongju earthquake occurred in Korea. For the purpose of the paper, 2D external and internal frames in each direction of the building have been employed in the present comparative analyses. Nonlinear static pushover analyses have been conducted to estimate frame capacities. Nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses have also been carried out to examine demands for the frames subjected to ground motions recorded at stations in near of Gyeongju and a previous earthquake ground motion. Analytical predictions demonstrate that maximum demands are significantly affected by characteristics of both spectral acceleration response and spectrum intensity over a wide range of periods. Further damage potential of the frames has been evaluated in terms of fragility analyses using the same ground motions. Fragility results reveal that the ground motion characteristics of the Gyeongju earthquake have little influence on the seismic demand and fragility of frames.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2023

It is essential to determine a proper earthquake time history as a seismic load in a seismic design for a critical structure. In the code, a seismic load should satisfy a design response spectrum and include the characteristic of a target fault. The characteristic of a fault can be represented by a definition of a type of possible earthquake time history shape that occurred in a target fault. In this paper, the pseudo-basis function is proposed to be used to construct a specific type of earthquake, including the characteristic of a target fault. The pseudo-basis function is derived from analyzing the earthquake time history of specific fault harmonic wavelet transform. To show the feasibility of this method, the proposed method was applied to the faults causing the Gyeong-Ju ML5.8 and Pohang ML5.3 earthquakes.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2018

최근 경주지진과 포항지진과 같이 중규모 이상 지진이 빈번이 발생함에 따라 피해기능성이 커질 수 있는 중서부 도시 지역들에 대한 종합적 지진재해 대책 수립의 필수기본 정보인 지역적 부지고유 지진응답 공간정보 예측의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 특히 경기도 지역을 대상으로 정량적 부지고유 지반응답 특성 파악의 필요성이 증대됨에 따라 대상 확장영역 내 전략적 지반조사 자료의 확보 및 연계적 부지특성 파악 연구가 다각도로 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 경기도 지진취약지역 도출 및 부지고유 지진응답특성 분석을 위한 위사결정 프레임웍을 제시하였다. 시추조사 자료 및 수치표고모델 등의 지표피복 자료를 수집함으로써 지반지진공학적 연계활용을 위한 GIS 플랫폼 기반의 Geo-Data를 구축하였다. 지구통계학적 공간보간 기법의 최적화 설계를 통해 지층분포 특성 및 연계 취약도 성분 도출을 위한 지반 공간그리드를 구축하였으며, 이를 통해 지진지반응답 매개변수의 공간구역화를 수행하였다. 이에 따라 경기도 지역의 정량적 부지효과를 고려한 경기도 맞춤형 지진방재대책 수립을 위한 기저 정보로서 활용하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 미국 남캘리포니아 지진센터에서 개발한 물리적 지진모델링 기반 광대역 강지진동 모사 플랫폼(버전 16.5)을 활용하여, 규모 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 지진에 대한 진도 감쇠 특성 분석을 수행하였다. 지진 발생 위치는 2016년 규모 5.8 경주 지진 진앙 인근을 가정하였으나 지각 전파 모델의 경우 남캘리포니아 강지진동 모사 플랫폼에서 제공하는 미국의 대표적인 지각 모델 두 개를 사용하였다. 하나는 판 내부를 대표하는 미국 중동부 지역(Central and Eastern United States, CEUS) 모델이고 다른 하나는 판의 경계를 대표하는 미 서부 지역(LA Basin) 모델이다. 버전 16.5 플랫폼에는 5개의 모델링 방법론이 제시되고 있으며 본 연구에서는 Song 모델과 Exsim 모델을 사용하였다. 동일 규모의 지진이라 하더라도 지진발생 환경이 다른 지역(CEUS vs LA Basin)에서는 같은 진앙 거리에서 진도 2 등급에 가까운 차이가 발생할 수 있음을 본 연구를 통해서 발견하였다. 본 연구에서 나타난 지역별 진도 감쇠 특성의 차이를 감안할 때 한반도에서 좀 더 정밀한 지진재해 평가를 위해서는 지역에 적합한 진도 감쇠 특성을 이해하는 것이 중요할 것으로 판단되며 본 연구는 지역 특화된 진도 감쇠 특성을 고려하지 않을 경우 진도 감쇠 분포의 불확실성 정도를 잘 보여준다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.635-650
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• 2018

최근 국내에 발생된 지진으로 인해 더 이상 한반도가 지진으로부터 안전지대가 아니라는 것이 많은 사람들에게 각인되었다. 경주와 포항에서 발생된 지진은 그 동안 국내에서 내진설계에 기준으로 고려한 지진의 특성과 상이하게 나타났고, 그에 따른 내진설계 방법에 대한 연구 또한 많은 연구자들에 의해 수행되어 지고 있다. 이러한 지진하중에 대한 고려는 주로 기존 상부 구조물에 초점이 맞춰져 있으며, 그에 따른 연구 또한 활발히 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 하지만, 지반의 구조적 안정성을 확보하기 위해 시공된 네일, 록볼트, 그라운드 앵커 등과 같은 지중구조물에 대한 지진하중으로부터의 구조적 안정성에 대한 고려는 많이 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 풍화암에 정착된 그라운드 앵커에 대해 정하중이 작용할 때와 지진하중이 앵커에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 정하중에 의한 영향은 현장 인장시험 결과로, 지진하중 영향은 수치해석을 통해 파악하였다. 그 결과, 앵커에 긴장력 도입으로 인한 반력판의 침하가 발생하는 것으로 나타났으며, 그로 인한 앵커의 축력 감소가 발생하였다. 또한 지진하중에 의해 앵커 정착부의 변위가 증가하였으며, 정착부 길이가 길수록 장주기 지진에 의한 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다.