• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.120-130
• /
• 2016

21세기 디지털 사회에서는 각 개인의 연결과 상호작용이 사회 현상에 막대한 영향을 미치고 있으며, 이로 인해 사회는 더욱 복잡해지고, 순간적으로 급격한 변화가 일어나는 현상이 빈번히 발생한다. 사회 복잡성(Social Complexity)은 다수의 사회 구성원들 간의 복잡한 연결로 인해 발생하는 상호작용 패턴을 의미한다. 2011년 발생한 '아랍의 봄' 혁명, 글로벌 금융위기, 조류독감의 발생과 확산, 글로벌 기후 변화, 테러리스트들의 네트워크와 사이버 범죄의 증가 등은 복잡하게 연결된 글로벌 사회 현상으로 발생하는 복잡성의 사례들이다. 우리 사회의 안전성과 지속성을 확보하기 위해, 이러한 사회 복잡성을 그려내어, 그 속에 숨겨진 패턴을 분석하고 예측하는 기술에 대한 연구 개발이 국가적으로 필요하다. 다양한 분야의 사회적 모형을 개발하고 서로 연결하여, 복잡한 사회적 상호작용을 대규모 시뮬레이션을 통해 현상 분석과 사회경제 정책적 대응방향에 대한 통찰력을 가질 수 있는 대규모 '모사현실(Simulated Reality)' 기술 개발을 서둘러야 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.24 no.3 s.89
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2006

This paper annually estimates the economies of density, scale and scope with the data of cost and output of 27 leading air carriers to suggest the political findings and strategies of raising the cost efficiency of our air transport industry. The estimation results and their implications are as follows. First, KAL and Aha would reduce their cost if they could increase international route density. Second, KAL and AAR would reduce their cost if they could expand the network but save their cost more effectively if they could increase international route density rather than expand the network. Third, the minimum efficient scale that minimize average cost of two national flag carriers which operate by the present output ratio among domestic passenger, international passenger and freight appears to be larger than each present output level of KAL and AAR. Meanwhile, it appears that minimum efficient scale of small size low cost carriers which operate domestic-oriented route is much smaller than minimum efficient scale of national flag carriers. Finally, it appears that there exists the diseconomies of scope between domestic passenger and the other outputs, that is, international passenger and freight and therefore save their cost if freight output ratio is higher and domestic passenger output ratio is lower than the Present level.

• Economic Analysis
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.43-69
• /
• 2021

As the trade linkages and the financial relationship between China and Korea grow stronger, China's influence on Korea is also growing larger. Therefore, it is meaningful to examine key features of Chinese monetary policy operations and the current situation, and to analyze the transmission mechanism of China's monetary policy shocks onto the Korea economy. China's monetary policy shocks can have an impact on the Korea economy through the trade, financial and oil-price channels. In the trade channel, an expansionary Chinese monetary policy can increase Korea's exports of intermediate goods to China under the vertical trade structure, via the vertical trade integration effect. Meanwhile, the expenditure switching effect and the income demand effect show no statistical significance. In the financial and oil-price channels, expansionary Chinese monetary policy shocks can decrease the interest rate and increase both stock prices and the consumer price index in Korea through changes in global portfolio capital flows, interest rates, and raw material prices.

• Strategy21
• /
• s.46
• /
• pp.239-276
• /
• 2020

The failure of early economic sanctions aimed at hurting the overall economies of targeted states called for a more sophisticated design of economic sanctions. This paved way for the advent of 'smart sanctions,' which target the supporters of the regime instead of the public mass. Despite controversies over the effectiveness of economic sanctions as a coercive tool to change the behavior of a targeted state, the transformation from 'comprehensive sanctions' to 'smart sanctions' is gaining the status of a legitimate method to impose punishment on states that do not conform to international norms, the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction in this particular context of the paper. The five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council proved that it can come to an accord on imposing economic sanctions over adopting resolutions on waging military war with targeted states. The North Korean nuclear issue has been the biggest security threat to countries in the region, even for China out of fear that further developments of nuclear weapons in North Korea might lead to a 'domino-effect,' leading to nuclear proliferation in the Northeast Asia region. Economic sanctions had been adopted by the UNSC as early as 2006 after the first North Korean nuclear test and has continually strengthened sanctions measures at each stage of North Korean weapons development. While dubious of the effectiveness of early sanctions on North Korea, recent sanctions that limit North Korea's exports of coal and imports of oil seem to have an impact on the regime, inducing Kim Jong-un to commit to peaceful talks since 2018. The purpose of this paper is to add a variable to the factors determining the success of economic sanctions on North Korea: preventing North Korea's evasion efforts by conducting illegal transshipments at sea. I first analyze the cause of recent success in the economic sanctions that led Kim Jong-un to engage in talks and add the maritime element to the argument. There are three conditions for the success of the sanctions regime, and they are: (1) smart sanctions, targeting commodities and support groups (elites) vital to regime survival., (2) China's faithful participation in the sanctions regime, and finally, (3) preventing North Korea's maritime evasion efforts.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.115-134
• /
• 1991

The role of pension plans in the macroeconomy has been a subject of much interest for some years. It has come to be recognized that pension plans may alter basic macroeconomic behavior patterns. The net effects on both savings and labor supply are thus matters for speculation. The aim of the present paper is to provide quantitative results which may be helpful in attaching orders of magnitude to some of the possible effects. We are not concerned with the providing empirical evidence relating to actual behavior, but rather with deriving the macroeconomic implications for a alternative possibilities. The pension plan interacts with the economy and the population in a number of ways. Demographic variables may thus affect both the economic burden of a national pension plan and the ability of the economy to sustain the burden. The tax transfer process associated with the pension plan may have implications for national patterns of saving and consumption. The existence of a pension plan may have implications also for the size of the labor force, inasmuch as labor force participation rates may be affected. Changes in technology and the associated changes in average productivity levels bear directly on the size of the national income, and hence on the pension contribution base. The vehicle for the analysis is a hypothetical but broadly realistic simulation model of an economic- demographic system into which is inserted a national pension plan. All income, expenditure, and related aggregates are in real terms. The economy is basically neoclassical; full employment is assumed, output is generated by a Cobb-Douglas production process, and factors receive their marginal products. The model was designed for use in computer simulation experiments. The simulation results suggest a number of general conclusions. These may be summarized as follows; - The introduction of a national pension plan (funded system) tends to increase the rate of economic growth until cost exceeds revenue. - A scheme with full wage indexing is more expensive than one in which pensions are merely price indexed. - The rate of technical progress is not a critical element in determining the economic burden of the pension scheme. - Raising the rate of benefits affects its economic burden, and raising the age of eligibility may decrease the burden substantially. - The level of fertility is an element in determining the long-run burden. A sustained low fertility rate increases the proportion of the aged in total population and increases the burden of the pension plan. High fertility has inverse effects.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.406-420
• /
• 2009

European economic integration and geographical enlargement brought change in the intra-european trade flow and a trade structure. The first, an european enlargement contributes to the increase in intra-european trade, but its effect relatively becomes smaller successive enlargement. The second, the intra-industry trade increases in the intra-european trade according as an european economic integration and enlargement make possible the economy of scale. In the intra-industry trade, the horizontal intra-industry trade decreases and the vertical intra-industry trade increases. The third, the Western Europe's trade is generally an intra-industry trade, the trade of Southern Europe, Central and Eastern Europe is an inter-industry trade. But the South Europe's trade and Central and Eastern Europe's trade change from the inter-industry trade to the intra-industry trade.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2012.11a
• /
• pp.415-423
• /
• 2012

고용노동부 산업재해분석 자료에 의하면 최근 5년간 (2006년~2010년)의 총 재해자수(사망자수) 472,329명(11,662명), 경제적 직접손실액 16,814,806백만원, 경제적 손실 추정액(직 간접) 84,074, 030백만원으로 인적 물적 손실이 크다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구에는 산업안전보건법상의 안전관리자 선임된 사업장 211개소 대상으로 안전관리자의 직무특성에 따른 산업안전정책방향 이해도에 관한 조사를 하였다. 연구대상자의 기업체의 특성을 보면 지역별, 업종별, 규모별, 노조설립 여부에 따라 산업안전정책방향에 대한 인식도 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 연구대상자의 직무특성을 보면 연령, 경력, 근무부서에 따라서도 산업안전정책방향에 대한 이해도 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 기업체 산업안전관라자 직무특성에 따른 산업안전정책방향 이해도 분석을 통해 정부의 정책변화, 경영자 안전관리자의 안전의식 변화가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.1030-1037
• /
• 2002

통신서비스의 성패를 좌우하는 다양한 선택의 문제 중 하나는 신규 서비스를 제공하는 데 있어서, 어떤 기술을 도입하고 언제 상용화할 것인가를 결정하는 것이다 이러한 결정에는 서비스를 제공하는데 수반되는 투자와 비용, 시장 규모의 예측, 경쟁사업자 동향, 기존 또는 유사 기술과의 호환성이나 경쟁 관계 등이 고려되어야 하며, 이를 위해 다양한 경제성분석 방법이 활용되어 오고 있다. 그러나, 전통적인 현금흐름할인법의 경우, 현재 획득 가능하거나 추정할 수 있는 데이터를 이용해서 의사결정을 내리는 방식을 취하고 있으며 유연한 사고를 통해 수시로 변화하는 사업환경을 동태적 입장에서 의사결정을 지원할 수 없다는 한계를 지니고 있다. 최근, 이에 대한 대안으로 실물옵션이론을 활용한 경제성분석 방법이 소개되고 있다. 이는 금융옵션의 특성에 기반을 둔 방법으로, 주변 여건의 변화에 대해 유연한 의사결정을 지원할 수 있다는 측면이 통신서비스와 같은 불확실성이 큰 사업환경에 적합한 방법이 될 것으로 판단된다. 이에 본 논문에서는 새롭게 부각되고 있는 무선 LAN 서비스의 제공을 위한 통신 사업자의 서비스 도입 전략을 실물옵션이론을 활용해서 분석해 보고자 한다. 이를 통해, 통신사업자의 관점에서 무선 LAW 서비스의 제공을 추진할 때 가능성이 높은 몇 가지 시나리오에 대한 대응 방안과 유의점에 대해 고찰한다.

• 해운
• /
• s.87
• /
• pp.12-24
• /
• 2012

해운시장의 회복속도는 더딘 편이나 최근 소폭의 개선 움직임을 보이고 있다. 해운운임지수의 경우 과거 대비 개선폭은 크지 않지만 최근 벌크선을 중심으로 조금씩 반등하고 있는 추세이다. 해운산업의 변화요인으로는 리비아 사태로 인한 유가불안이 점차 진정이 되고 있는 모습이다. 국제유가는 지난 4월 이후 하락세로 전환되었다. 유가상승의 영향은 선종별로 상이하나, 연료비 증가로 인해 업계의 운항원가 부담이 증가한다. 국내업계의 경우, 2010년말 연료비는 7.1조원 규모로 운항원가에서 차지하는 비중은 32.9%로 높은 수준이다. 한편, 미국 신용등급 하락과 유로존 재정위기로 시장환경은 악화되었다. EU와 미국은 중국 다음으로 우리나라의 2~3번째로 큰 교역시장으로 최근 산업부문의 생신증가가 둔화되었다. 다음은 한국산업은행 경제연구소에서 발표한 "최근 해운산업 변화요인 점검과 향후 전망"의 주요 내용을 정리 요약한 것이다.

• Review of Culture and Economy
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.3-18
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in work autonomy of content industry workers using Korea Working Conditions Survey(2010, 2014) and difference-differences estimation method. The results find that there was no significant change in the work autonomy (work order, work method, work speed) of the content industry worker in In the overall sample. On the other hand, analyzing the sample of 30 or more employee establishment size shows that work autonomy of the content industry worker is greatly reduced. Also, work autonomy is high when the rank or capability is high, whereas work autonomy decreases when the establishment size is large. This study implies that the content industry workers have shown quantitatively the reduction of work autonomy. It also suggests that compensation and management systems are needed to enhance the competitiveness of the content industry.