• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.253-265
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• 2021

In this study, crop cultivation filed was extracted by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery and deep learning models to overcome the limitations of satellite imagery and to contribute to the technological development of understanding the status of crop cultivation field. The study area was set around Chungbuk Goesan-gun Gammul-myeon Yidam-li and orthogonal images of the area were acquired by using UAV images. In addition, study data for deep learning models was collected by using Farm Map that modified by fieldwork. The Attention U-Net was used as a deep learning model to extract feature of UAV in this study. After the model learning process, the performance evaluation of the model for corn cultivation extraction was performed using non-learning data. We present the model's performance using precision, recall, and F1-score; the metrics show 0.94, 0.96, and 0.92, respectively. This study proved that the method is an effective methodology of extracting corn cultivation field, also presented the potential applicability for other crops.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.1D
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• pp.153-160
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• 2009

In relation to digital elevation model(DEM) production using high resolution satellite imagery, existing studies present that DEM accuracy differently show according to land cover property. This study therefore proposes auto-selection method of window size for correlation matching according to land cover property of IKONOS Geo-level stereo image. For this, land cover classified image is obtained by IKONOS color image with four bands. In addition, correlation-coefficients are computed at regular intervals in pixels of the window-search area to shorten of matching time. As the results, DEM by the proposed method showed more accurate than DEM using the fixed window-size matching. We estimate that accuracy of the proposed DEM improved more than DEM by digital map and ERDAS in agricultural land.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 1984

Agricultural soil samples collected from 121 sites (plastic film house 59, up-land 30 and orchard 32 sites) were evaluated by steam distillation and GLC-ECD analysis for organochlorine pesticides (${\gamma}-BHC$, heptachlor, p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDT) in Jeollanam-Do area. Total residues of organochlorine pesticide in orchard, plastic film house and up-land were 0.415, 0.234 and 0.156ppm, respectively. Ninety-four percent of total residue was p,p'-DDT and its homologues (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD). ${\gamma}-BHC$ was detected in all soil samples at $trace{\sim}0.050ppm$ range. Residue levels of organochlorine pesticide increased in the order of p,p'-DDE, ${\gamma}-BHC$, heptachlor, dieldrin, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDD.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1109-1113
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• 2010

창원시는 경제성장에 따른 도시화 현상으로 경작지나 녹지와 같은 투수지표면이 대단위 주택단지나 도로, 상업지구, 공장시설과 같은 불투수지표면으로 변화되어 전형적인 도시 유역특성을 띠고 있어 SWMM 모형의 적용에 적합하다. 적용대상인 남천은 창원시를 관류하는 유로연장 14.7 km의 하천으로 지류인 창원천을 포함하고 있으며, 2007년부터 환경부 지원 시범사업으로 생태하천복원사업이 계획되어 실시설계 완료 후 공사가 진행 중이나, 복원 후 하천관리를 위한 유지유량 산정 등의 타당성과 관련한 문제가 지역사회에서의 화두로 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 남천 유역의 특성을 적절히 고려한 유지유량 산정을 통해 향후 복원된 남천의 하천관리기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 2008년 실측된 남천과 창원천의 유량자료와 SWMM 유출량 모의결과를 비교, 분석하였다. 남천의 유량자료는 2008년 5월 6일부터 8월 20일까지 실측하였으며, 남천의 지류인 창원천은 유량자료 취득구간이었던 창원천교 지점에서 생태하천복원사업이 진행됨에 따라 유량자료를 취득할 수 없었으므로 남천의 유량자료를 이용하여 비유량법으로 추정하였다. 유출량 산정을 위한 강우자료는 기상청 자료를 사용하는 것이 일반적이나 마산과 창원의 강우자료를 이용한 분석 결과 강우 패턴에 차이가 있음을 발견하고 마산기상대의 자료 대신, 창원시에서 제공한 5년간 (2005년~2009년)의 자료를 사용하였다. SWAT을 이용하여 남천 유역을 39개의 소유역으로 분할하고 Arc View를 이용하여 지형인자들을 추출하여 SWMM 입력자료로 사용하였다. 입력자료 중 유출량 추정에 큰 영향을 끼치는 매개변수들은 민감도 분석을 통하여 최적의 매개변수들을 결정하고 연유출량 추정을 위한 모의를 수행하였다. 이상의 과정을 통하여 남천의 연유출량을 추정함으로써 하천관리를 위한 유지유량 산정의 기초로 활용할 수 있었다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2003

For the biological control of Phytophthora blight of red-pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici, an antibiotic-producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus sp. KL 39 was selected from a local soil of Kyongbuk, Korea. The strain KL 39 was identified as Bacillus megaterium by various cultural, biochemical test and API and Microlog system. B. megaterium KL 39 could produce the highest antifungal antibiotic after 40 h of incubation under the optimal medium which was 0.4% fructose, 0.3% yeast extract, and 5 mM KCl at 30 C with initial pH 8.0. The antifungal antibiotic KL 39 was purified by Diaion HP-20 column, silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20 column, and HPLC. Its RF value was confirmed 0.32 by thin-layer chromatography with Ethanol:Ammonia:Water = 8:1:1. The crude antibiotic KL39 was active against a broad range of plant pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Monilinia fructicola, Botrytis cinenea, Alteranria kikuchiana, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. The purified antifungal antibiotic KL39 had a powerful biocontrol activity against red-pepper phytophthora blight disease with in vivo pot test as well as the strain B. megaterium KL 39.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1988

A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the phosphorus status and define the relationship between composition of phosphorus forms and available phosphorus with 149 phosphorus accumulated soil samples. Distribution percentage of inorganic, organic and available phosphorous to total phosphorus were 68.9 (Saloid-p 2.7, Al-p 26.4, Fe-p 27.6, Ca-p 12.2%), 6.7 and 26.0%, respectively. In the relationship between available phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus in soil, Al-p, Saloid-P, and Ca-P showed significant correlation with available phosphorus which did not showed significant one with Fe-p. Multiple liner regression equation between available and inoganic phosphorus abtained as follow, $Av.P=81.694+0.858Sa-p^{***}+0.648Al-p^{***}+0.091Ca-p^{**}(R=0.826^{***})$ and contribution rates of Saloid-p, Al-p, and Ca-p to available phosphorus were 26.1, 65.2, and 8.7%, respectively. Relationship between available and water soluble phosphorus, water soluble phosphorus and $0.01M-CaCl_2-p$ were highly significant, respectively, and soil solution P extracted with $0.01M-CaCl_2$ for 30 minutes was selected as one of usable diagnostic techniques for soil P status.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1991

The object of this stduy was to investigate the pollution of Pb in paddy field soil with different distance from roadside and to find out the relationship between the ratio of chemical fractions of total Pb and soil characteristics. Lead from automobiles is exhausted as particulates composed primarily of halide compounds (PbBrCl, $PbBr_2$, $PbCl_2$). The samples of soil were collected directly from the paddy fields with different distance from the roadside of highway and expressway which are located in Kyungpook province. A sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate Pb in paddy field soil into the disignated forms of water soluable, exchangeable, organically bounded, carbonate, sulfide, and residual Pb. Results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. The content of Pb in paddy field soil was the highest in Chungdo, 30.0 ppm, the lowest in Koryung, 14.8 ppm, and the total average content was 21.9 ppm. The effect of traffic volume was not clear, but a slight difference according to the order of opened year of roads was showed. 2. The effect of distance from roadside was not clear. The content of Pb in paddy field soil with different distance from roadside was 22.2 ppm within l0m, 22.1 ppm in 10∼30m, 22.2 ppm in 30∼50m. and 21.3 ppm beyond 50m. 3. The distribution of Pb fractions in soil showed a wide difference depending on soil properties. The average content of exchangeable. organically bounded, carbonate, sulfide, and residual Pb was 8.6%, 33.6%, 29.8%, 21.5%, and 6.7%, of total Pb in the soil, respectively. 4. The content of organically bounded Pb in soil showed highly positive correlation with organic matter and CEC, while the content of exchangeable Pb was highly negative correlation. 5. With higher soil organic matter and CEC, organically bounded Pb fraction tend to be higher but exchangeable Pb fraction tend to be lower. Other forms of Pb showed no difference with soil organic matter contend and CEC. The distribution of Pb fraction related to CEC showed similiar tendency with that of organic matter content.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.214-223
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• 2006

For better management of micronutrients in crop cultivation, the availability of micronutrients in the soils must be updated and evaluated as a first step. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of micronutrients in soils of plastic film houses. Total 396 soil samples were collected from the plastic film houses of various crops in Yeongnam province (strawberry, 96; red pepper, 66; tomato, 74; oriental melon, 97; cucumber, 63). Total and available contents of B, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn in the soils were determined. Available B was extracted with hot water and available Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn were extracted with 0.1 N HCl. Mean values of total contents of B, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn in the plastic film house soils were 25, 32, 74, 21,316, and $420mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Total contents of micronutrients in the plastic film house soils were similar to those found in the open fields nearby, while they were different among the locations investigated. Mean contents extractable B, Cu, and Zn in the plastic film house soils were 2.1, 7.5, and $35mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The contents of extractable B, Cu, and Zn in the plastic film house soils were higher than those found in the open fields nearby with exceptions of B in soils of strawberry and Cu in soils of red pepper and oriental melon. However, mean contents of extractable Fe and Mn in the plastic film house soils were 156 and $146mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, and the mean content of extractable Fe was much lower than that found in open fields nearby. The contents of extractable Zn, Fe, and Mn were higher than the sufficient levels for the crop requirements in most of the plastic film house soils investigated. Contents of extractable Cu in most soils of strawberry, tomato and cucumber cultivations were higher than the sufficient level. However, extractable Cu contents were below the sufficient level in about 30% of investigated soils of red pepper and oriental melon cultivation. Soils containing higher contents of extractable B than the sufficient level were relatively fewer in comparison to the other micronutrients.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1976

The phenomenon of sail sickness in the continuous cropping of ginseng is n serious problem for the cultivation practices and is an unelucidated subject scientifically. Present study is concerned mainly with ecochemical search on the cause of soil sickness in the continuous cropping of ginseng and the obtained results are summarized as follows: The humic substances isolated from both cultivated and uneulvidated soils with ginseng were compared with respect to its IR spectra but any difference which may be causative of sail sickness between them was not detected. In contrast, same saponin-like substances extracted from the ginseng cultivate soil in root tone were detected but not from the uncultivated soil. Presumably. the saponin like substances in the soils are originate) from the ginseng radices and are accumulaetd in root zone year by year, while the interrelation between the root exudate of ginseng and soil sickness is still obscure. According to a survey on the distributive Pattern of microflora in rhizosphere of ginseng radices the number of fungi is relatively diminished with the cul tivation years, while the number of actinomycetes is increased. It is supposed that the soil sickness in the continuous cropping of ginseng has any correlation between the activities of microflora in rhizosphere and the reef exudates.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.647-651
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• 2014

Handling of the large quantity of oil, generation of heavy metals at the military blasting range and outworn facilities could cause the environmental accidents. Pollution levels of the former five U.S military bases located in Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi-do were measured. Soil contamination by TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons), BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene), and heavy metals and groundwater contamination were detected. In order to purify contaminated soil, a variety of technologies including soil vapor extraction, slurping, landfarming and soil washing were applied. Contaminated soils of five target bases were purified and the results were suitable for the legal standards.