• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.191-198
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• 2019

In this paper, we implemented the prevention of oil mixing accidents caused by stereotypes or novice drivers at gas stations. After the CO gas concentration of the fuel tank is measured using the MQ-9 gas sensor, the gasoline and diesel are distinguished from each other. This is decided by using a servomotor to lock of the fueling nozzle to prevent the mixing of oil. In addition, car washes time display is implemented by using infrared sensor to save the time and to provide convenience for customers who want to wash car after fueling.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 2018

Emissions of diesel vehicles have been regulated by NEDC mode for a long time. However, the NEDC mode has been known the control of emission reduction is not reflected properly on actual road conditions. For these reasons, diesel vehicle emissions are regulated in both NEDC mode and WLTC mode from 2017 to 2020, from 2020 onwards, the emissions of diesel vehicles will measure in WLTC mode only and will not be able to exceed 1.5 times the regulated value. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development trend of diesel vehicle after-treatment system in order to comply with the future regulations on diesel vehicle. As a result, it is essential to reduce the NOx emissions of diesel vehicles for Euro 6, the NOx emissions of the test vehicle equipped with SCR were 30% to 50% loss than the test vehicle equipped with LNT despite the higher curb weight and engine displacement.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2019

It is expected that the introduction of real-driving emission will strengthen the exhaust emission. However, various researches have been reported that real-driving emission has been influenced by factors such as characteristics of the test routes and driving characteristics for drivers. In order to reflect this effect, European Commission applied the concept of driving dynamics to prevent deliberately driving of excessive and acceleration over RDE test. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of exhaust emissions according to real-driving test in three test routes and driving style. As a result of the test, it was confirmed that when the same driver tested real-driving test under three test routes, it depends on the driving characteristics of the route. Also, RDE-NOx for driving style was that severe driving has been about 16 times higher than normal driving in KNUT route.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.58-63
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• 2022

With the emergence of environmental problems caused by fine dust worldwide, LNG, which is cheaper and less pollution than diesel, is attracting attention as the next generation energy of automobiles and is expanding its supply. However, it is difficult to operate smoothly due to the lack of infrastructure for LNG charging stations in Korea and the limited size of containers that can be installed according to regulations. In Korea, research and development on the contents of containers for the smooth operation of natural gas vehicles are underway, but there is a problem that the container directly receives the impact of the vehicle collision and explodes, causing a major disaster. Therefore, in this study, the safety of the container was verified by deriving the strain and stress values through ANSYS Explicit Dynamics analysis. As a result, a maximum stress of 565.37MPa occurred in the container, and it is expected that plastic deformation will occur as it exceeds the yield stress of STS304 used as a material for the container, which is beyond 505MPa. When an impact caused by a collision between a vehicle and a container is applied, it is considered necessary to design a support or reinforcement because the container may be damaged or defective.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.348-361
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• 2015

To reduce the effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the government has announced the special platform of technologies as parts of an effort to minimize global climate change, and the government distributed biodiesel since 2006 as the further efforts. Although there are some debates about some quality specifications and unbalanced of source (44% from palm oil), more than 400kton/year of biodiesel was produced in 2013. Moreover the amounts will be increased when the RFS is activated. To solve the unbalanced situation and to achieve the diversity of feeds, it is essential that many researches should be considered. Especially, free and bond glycerines are one of the important properties seriously affected to the combustion system in vehicle & cold properties. Previous method (KS M 2412) couldn't cover the biodiesel derived from lauric oil($C_{12:0}$) such as PKO (Palm Kernel Oil), Coconut oil because those compositions are lighter than other conventional biodiesel sources. In this study, we review the existed method and figure out the factors should improve to analysis the glycerine from PKO and Coconut oil biodiesel. Modifying the analysis conditions to enhance the resolution and change the internal standards to avoid the overlapped- peaks between Capric acid ME ($C_{10:0}$) and standard#1(1,2,4-butantriol). From this revised method, we could solve the restrictions of previous methods. And check the possibility of new method to analyze the glycerine in biodiesel regardless of sources.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

To satisfy stricter $NO_X$ emission regulations for light- and heavy-duty diesel vehicles, a control algorithm needs to be developed based on a selective catalytic reaction (SCR) dynamics model for chemical reactions. This paper presents the development and validation of a SCR dynamics model through test rig experiments and MATLAB simulations. A nonlinear state space model is proposed based on the mass conservation law of chemical reactions in the SCR dynamics model. Experiments were performed on a test rig to evaluate the effects of the $NO_X$ and $NH_3$ concentrations, gas temperature, and space velocity on the $NO_X$ conversion efficiency for the urea-SCR system. The parameter values of the proposed SCR model were identified using the experimental datasets. Finally, a control-oriented model for an SCR system was developed and validated from the experimental data in a MATLAB simulation. The results of this study should contribute toward developing a closed-loop control strategy for $NO_X$ and $NH_3$ slip reduction in the urea-SCR system for an actual engine test bench.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.339-348
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• 2003

Determination of some PAHs in used engine oils have been carried out by extraction of the components into acetonitrile followed by GC/FID and synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. 7 PAHs, such as acenaphthene (Ace), anthracene (Anth), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), chrysene (Chry), phenanthrene (Phen), fluoranthene (Ft), and perlyrene (Per) in used engine oil sample were able to determine separately by synchronous spectrofluorimetry. Calibration curves for those components were linear for the concentration range of 0.4~166 ppb PAHs with the corelation factor of 0.9985~0.9999. The peak areas produced by GC/FID split ratio program were used for the calibration curves of the other 8 PAHs. Detection sensitivity of the synchronous spectrofluorimetry seems to be 100 times more sensitive than GC/FID method. The total amount of PAHs in the used engine oil were 5.5 ng/g for LNG (bus), 10.5 ng/g for LPG(taxi), 92.2 ng/g for gasoline-passenger car, and 130 ng/g for diesel trailer, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.118-124
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• 2011

To reach the Euro-6 regulations of PM and $NO_x$ for light-duty diesel vehicles, it will be necessary to apply the CDPF and the de-$NO_x$ catalyst. The described system consists of a catalytic configuration, where the CDPF is placed downstream of the diesel engine and followed by a urea injection unit and a urea-SCR catalyst. One of the advantages of this system configuration is that, in this way, the SCR catalyst is protected from PM, and both white PM and deposits become reduced. In the urea-SCR system, the injection control of reductant is the most important thing in order to have good performance of $NO_x$ reduction. The ideal ratio of $NH_3$ molecules to $NO_x$ molecules is 1:1 based on $NH_3$ consumption and having $NH_3$ available for reaction of all of the exhaust $NO_x$. However, under the too low and too high temperature condition, the $NO_x$ reduction efficiency become slower, due to temperature window of SCR catalyst. And space velocity also affects to $NO_x$ conversion efficiency. In this paper, rig-tests were performed to evaluate the effects of $NO_x$ and $NH_3$ concentrations, gas temperature and space velocity on the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency of the urea-SCR system. And vehicle test was performed to verify control strategy of reductatnt injection. The developed control strategy of reductant injection was improved over all $NO_x$ reduction efficiency and $NH_3$ consumption in urea-SCR system. Results of this paper contribute to develop urea-SCR system for light-duty vehicles to meet Euro-5 emission regulations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

Heavy duty diesel engine has relatively small portion of whole vehicles due to long drive distance and large engine displacement, but largely influences atmosphere environment. City buses changed to CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) bus with Korea-Japan Worldcup. Heavy duty truck and intercity bus, however, were impossible to use CNG because those kinds of vehicles had long drive distance and CNG station was installed mainly at the around of the bus garage of city. Insulation container storing the natural gas as a liquid makes heavy duty truck and intercity bus possible to use the natural gas. Drive using diesel is possible where is hard to recharge the gas. With LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), the dependence on oil is largely decreased, PM (Particulate Matter) and NOx which is chronic disadvantage of diesel is remarkably reduced and finally $CO_2$, the representative green house gas, is reduced over 10%.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2017

Engine oil is a substance used for the lubrication of internal combustion systems. However, in some case, defects in engine systems may contaminate engine oil with fuel. Contaminated engine oil can cause problems in the normal functioning of a vehicle. In this study, we investigate the functional properties of engine oil contaminated with diesel fuel. The test results indicate that the engine oil contaminated with diesel fuel has low flash point, pour point, density, kinematic viscosity and cold cranking simulator value. The contaminated engine oil which has low plash point can cause fire and explosion accident. Furthermore, a four ball test indicates that the contaminated engine oil increases wear scar to poor lubricity. Moreover, we investigate the GC pattern using SIMDIST (simulated distillation) for determination of diesel in engine oil. The SIMDIST analytic result, diesel was detected at earlier retention time than engine oil in chromatogram. Thus the SIMDIST method can define whether engine oil is contaminated by diesel fuel or not. We can use the SIMDIST method for the diagnosis of oil condition instead of analyzing other physical properties that require many analytic instruments, large volume of oil sample and long analysis time.