• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.177-188
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• 2013

This study examines how managerial ownership structure affects the borrower's choice of private versus public debt using 2,608 firm-year data for 2006-2008. This paper investigates the relationship between managerial ownership structure and debt choice. Managerial ownership is measured using number of stocks and unexercised stock-options and debt is classified public and private debt. The results find that there is a positive association between managerial ownership and the private debt dependence and also find that when firms finance additional funds, higher managerial ownership leads managers to choose private debt not public debt. Since private debt can be classified into bank debt and non bank debt, this paper examines the relationship between managerial ownership and a choice of bank debt. The results indicate that managers with higher ownership are more likely to use bank debt over public debt and non bank debt. By examining the relation between managerial ownership and a debt choice, this paper has following contributions. First, this study shows that managerial ownership affects the choice of the source of financing using three different proxies of managerial ownership. Second, this study classified private debt into bank debt and non-bank debt and provide the evidence of preference toward private debt especially bank debt among other financing sources. Finally, there are extensive studies related to capital structure and managerial ownership, but there is little empirical research on the debt choice and managerial ownership. Thus, this paper adds to literature by exploring the effects of managerial ownership on a debt choice.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-28
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 경영자 소유지분과 자본적 투자지출의 관계를 이론과 실증분석의 양 차원에서 분석하였다. 우선 이론적인 분석에서는 경영자가 기업가치 극대화뿐만 아니라 규모극대화를 동시에 추구할 때, 기업의 자발적 투자지출은 경영자 소유지분의 함수라는 점을 보였다. 특히 2차효용함수의 가정하에서 자본적 투자지출과 경영자 소유지분의 관계는 경영자의 소유지분과 위험회피도, 확실성 등가에 의한 프로젝트의 순기대현금 흐름 수준에 따라 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자본적 투자지출은 경영자의 효용함수 행태에 따라 경영자 소유지분이 낮은 수준에서는 소유지분의 감소함수이나 높은 수준에서는 증가함수로 반전되는 구조적인 전환점이 존재한다는 점을 밝혔다. 한편 90-95년 중 우리나라 상장 제조업의 자료를 바탕으로 규모극대화 기업과 규모비극대화 기업에 대하여 경영자 소유지분과 자본적 투자지출의 관계를 비교한 결과, 규모극대화 기업에서 경영자 지분이 약 30%인 구조적인 전환점을 중심으로 그 이전에서는 경영자 지분의 증가에 따라 자본적 투자지출이 감소하나 그 이후에는 증가함수로 단전되는 것으로 나타나 이론의 내용을 지지하였다. 그러므로 본 연구의 결과는 기존의 연구에서와는 달리 안주가설(entrenchment hypothesis)에 의하지 않더라도 경영자의 효용함수의 행태에 따라 일정한 경영자 소유지분 이상에서는 가치비극대화 행위가 지배할 있다는 점을 보여주고 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.81-111
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• 2007

The agency relationship between managers and shareholders has the potential to influence decision-making in the firm which in turn potentially impacts on firm characteristics such as value and leverage. Using an agency framework, we examine the relation between ownership structure and capital structure during post-IMF period. We used the balanced panel data for 378 korean listed companies during the 1999-2005. The panel data sets consist of time-series observation on each of 378 cross-sectional units. The results indicate a non-linear U-shaped relation between the level of managerial share ownership and leverage with the relation reaching a minimum at 58.48 per cent of management share ownership. As managerial share ownership increase from a low level, managers have incentive to reduce the debt level for decreasing the financial risk, resulting in a lower lever of debt. However, when corporate managers hold a significant proportion of a firm's shares, managers have incentive to increase the debt level for leverage effects, resulting in a higher lever of debt.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.67-90
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• 2016

This study examines whether there is any significant relation between executive compensation and future firm performance for the Korean export manufacturing small and medium-sized firms. We sorted the whole sample firms into the sub-groups of 10 deciles by firm size and the KSIC standard. We found the following empirical results. First, Korean export manufacturing small and medium-sized firms typically showed lower or even negative profitability in terms of return on equity and operating profit ratio to sales. Foreign equity ownership is very low with an average of 3.77%. Second, for the firms with higher ratio of excess executive compensation to asset had lower future firm performance. It implies that the typical owner-manager in Korean export manufacturing SMEs earns excess pay, but do not contribute much to firm performance. Third, as for future cumulative abnormal returns for future one- and three-year periods, firms with higher owner-executive pay had lower returns compared with firms with lower pay. So the stock market investors set a lower value on them. Fourth, there is a positive relation between excess executive pay and executive overconfidence, and it implies that owner-CEOs with higher pay may become overconfident, thereby lowering future firm performance somehow.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.151-176
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• 1998

우리 나라 기업의 지배구조의 문제점은 대체로 이사회와 감사의 경영감시기능 부족, 기업인수시장의 활성화 미흡, 채권자로서의 은행의 경영감시역할 미흡 등이 지적되고 있다. 그러나 우리 나라의 기업지배체제는 오너체제로 대표되며, 여러 가지 폐해에도 불구하고 신속한 의사결정과 과감한 투자가 가능하다는 장점도 갖고 있다. 따라서 본 고에서는 우리 나라에서 바람직한 지배구조를 모색해 보기 위해 미국과 일본의 지배구조를 참고하여 다음과 같은 몇 가지를 제시하고자 한다. 첫째, 이사회와 감사의 기능을 활성화하는 것이다. 둘째, 기업인수시장의 활성화가 필요하다. 한편 차입경영이라는 특징을 가진 우리 나라 기업의 현실에서 은행이 적극 개입함으로서 경영감시의 효율성이 높아질 수 있다고도 한다. 그러나 금융기관의 소유구조와 자율성 및 독립성이 선결과제로 해결되어야 할 것이다. 기업의 지배구조에 대한 논의는 기업의 효율성을 높일 수 있고, 기업의 경쟁력을 높일 수 있는 방향으로 이루어져야 한다. 기업지배의 개념은 소유와 경영의 분리를 전제로 정의된 것이기 때문에 소유자경영이 보편화되어 있는 우리 나라의 기업 현실에 외국의 기업지배제도를 그대로 적용하는 것은 바람직하지 않다. 따라서 지배구조의 개선 노력은 점진적으로 그리고 전반적으로 추진되어야겠지만 선택은 기업의 자율에 맡기는 것이 바람직하다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.213-219
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• 2019

This study is designed to analyze the effect of entrepreneurship orientation of owner managers on product innovation performance through user innovation participation by using Korea Innovation Survey 2014 (KIS 2014) conducted by STEPI (Science and Technology Policy Institute). The findings show that entrepreneurial orientation of owner managers measured by a proxy variable of ownership ratio has positive relationship with innovation performance of firms. They also present that user innovation activity has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between the entrepreneurial orientation of owner managers and innovation performance of firms. This study suggests that the higher the entrepreneurial orientation of the owner manager, the higher the innovation performance. The innovation performance can be intensified when the open innovation strategy is implemented through the user participation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.20 no.3_4
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• pp.63-109
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• 1998

주주와 기업경영자의 대리인관계에서 대주주가 경영자를 감시 감독하는 역할을 항상 하는 것은 아니다. 기업의 주주는 동질적이 아닐 수 있으며, 특히 지배 대주주와 외부주주의 이해관계는 상이할 수 있다. 소유지분이 높아지고 기업에 대한 영향이 증가하는 경우 이를 이용하여 주주들이 자신들의 사익을 추구하고자 할 수 있다. 기업경영 및 의사결정을 자신들의 사적이익에 부합되는 방향으로 유도하기 위하여 주주들은 경영자에게 높은 보수를 제공하는 방법 등으로 경영자와의 담합관계를 추구할 수 있다. 대주주가 경영자와의 담합관계를 추구하는 경우 기업경영의 주목적이 기업주식가격상승 또는 배당금증가에서 멀어지므로 기업의 수익성은 감소할 수 있다. 본 연구는 1982년부터 1992년간 일본 제조업분야의 상장기업을 통해 기관투자자들의 소유지분과 경영자의 보수 그리고 기업성과와의 관계를 살펴보았다. 주거래은행을 중심으로 금융기관투자자는 기업의 주요 채권자인 동시에 소유주로서 일반주주와는 상반된 이해관계를 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 금융기관의 소유지분이 강화됨에 따라 기업경영자의 급여가 성과급이 아닌 고정급의 형태를 통해 증가함을 보여주고 있다. 또한 기업이 차입금에 대하여 지불하는 이자율이 상승할수록 기업경영자의 급여는 증가함을 보여준다. 그리고 금융기관의 소유지분이 높은 기업의 수익성이 낮음을 보여주고 있다. 이런 결과는 1980년대 자본 자유화와 더불어 자본공급자로서의 위치가 약해진 금융기관과 기업과의 관계를 시사하고 있다. 기업수익성보다는 금융기관에게 주요 채권자로서의 위치와 상대적으로 높은 수익성을 보장하도록 경영자의 인센티브급여계약이 설계되었음을 의미한다. 또한 많은 기업들이 주거래은행의 전직 경영자를 이사 또는 최고경영자로 임명하고 있는 사실을 고려할 때, 금융기관 경영자와 기업경영자간의 담합관계를 암시하기도 한다.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-41
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• 2005

The informativeness of accounting earnings to investors may be used as a measure of the quality of accounting information. The ownership structure is considered to be related to both of two variables, the reliability of earnings reflecting the economic performance of the enterprise and the existence of alternative information sources. Earnings manipulation may mitigate the correlation between accounting earnings and the economic performance and alternative information sources decrease the value of accounting earnings as an information. Thus ownership structure could influence the informativeness of accounting earnings. This paper classifies ownership into three categories, management or inside ownership, institutional investors and large outside blockholders, and diffuse outside ownership and examines theoretically the difference of information effectiveness under each ownership structure. The earnings manipulation hypothesis supports the assertion that the separation of ownership from control motivates earnings manipulation. And differential information hypothesis suggests that more non-accounting information of firms with institutional or concentrated outside ownership is provided. Outside blockholders have alternative information sources that make accounting manipulation ineffective. While most previous studies have examined the effect of ownership on the informativeness of earnings from earnings manipulation hypothesis, this study is motivated by both earnings manipulation hypothesis and differential information hypothesis.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.171-184
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• 2014

This paper investigate the impact of external financing constraints(EFC) on the dividend policy(cash dividend ratio) and the impact of interaction of ownership structure((1)the percentage of shares held by external blockholder who owns at least 5% of equity(5% BHR), (2) the percentage of shares held by foreign investors(Foreign), (3) the percentage of shares by insider shareholders(Insider)) and external financing constraints on the dividend policy. The purpose mentioned above are empirically tested using 370 firm-year data listed on the Korean Exchange(KRX) with multiple regression method. Summarizing the results of analysis as following; Firstly, we find that EFC has negative relationship with cash dividend ratio. Secondly, interaction of 5% BHR and EFC has positive relationship with cash dividend ratio. Also, interaction of Foreign and EFC has positive relationship with cash dividend ratio. But, Insider and EFC has negative relationship with cash dividend ratio. This study contributes to research related to dividend policy by recognizing that ownership structure influences the dividend policy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.248-256
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• 2023

As a means to activate eco pastoral system in alpine grassland, the government can consider public pastures, which are currently unused, to scale them up into public ranches. Depending on ownership and operation, four management models proposed as follows: 1) Government-Owned and Operated with Balanced Profit and Loss 2) Government-Owned and Operated with Revenue Generation 3) Government-Owned but Privately Operated by Outsourced to Professional Manager 4) Full Privatization (Ownership and Operation by Private Individuals). The study outlined above proposes four management models for the activation of eco pastoral system in alpine grassland. It also suggests methods for the selection and performance evaluation of manager to establish a profitable structure. Additionally, the research provides management methods for the conservation of grazing ecology in pastoral ecosystems. Particularly, the adaptation of tools commonly used in South Korean business sector for the selection and performance evaluation of manager within the system of the proposed management models. This aspect is deemed valuable as it aligns these tools with the specific characteristics of eco pastoral system in alpine grassland, contributing not only to the effective implementation of the models but also to the enhancement of the revenue structure.