• Title/Summary/Keyword: 경심높이

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A Study on Seakeeping of Container Ships (컨테이너선형의 내항성능특성 고찰)

  • 장택수;윤동환;홍사영;박광동;송명재
    • Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.16-21
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    • 2003
  • Seakeeping performance of container ships is investigated in view of increase of their size in terms of TEU. Recent appearance of post Panamax class containers resulted in increase of GM, so increase of possibility of resonant motion in waves is expected accordingly. Ship motions of various classes of TEU containers were calculated for various sea states and heading angles in order to assess seakeeping characteristics according to increase of size of the ships. It was found that roll motion of post Panamax containers increase due to resonance as sea state becomes rougher. The possibility of controlling roll motion by changing main particulars such as L, B, and T is investigated as well.

Negative GM and Ship's Transverse Stability (음의 복원성과 선박의 횡경사)

  • You, Su-Yeon;Yang, Hyoung-Seon;Jung, Dae-Deug
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.108-109
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    • 2016
  • It is very important to fully understand the concepts, causes and corrections of ship's transverse inclination which is classified into Heel, List and Loll. Particularly, it is presumed that some recent disaster at sea is related to negative GM developed by the loss of stability during sailing. In this study, actual 'Angle of Loll' is simulated by model-ship experiment and the result is compared with calculated value under same condition. Furthermore, how to distinguish Loll from List and the way to correct the 'Angle of Loll' for officers are described.

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An Experimental Study on Loll (음의 복원력에 의한 횡경사 실험 연구)

  • You, Su-Yeon;Pag, Chong-Lyong;Jung, Dae-Deug
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.654-659
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    • 2016
  • Recently, the passenger ship 'Sewol' capsized with an abrupt inclination while she was making a small angle alteration. It is very important to fully understand the concepts, causes and relevant corrections for a ship's transverse inclination, which is classified into heel, list and loll. In this study, the concept, development and calculation of loll were well considered and the actual magnitude of the angle of loll was simulated in a box-shaped model-ship experiment. The experimental values and its development according to different values of negative stability were compared with calculated values. In the results, experimental values for the angle of loll coincided closely with calculated values and the model inclined symmetrically on both port and starboard sides indicating an outstanding feature of loll. This study is expected to expand the concept of loll and help in the analysis of capsize incidents with unknown causes. Further experimental research or case studies concerning the risk of inappropriate correction for loll arising from misunderstandings will be needed.

Design and Construction of the Cultivating Weeder for a 3-Wheel Riding Type Cultivating Vehicle (3륜 승용관리기용 중경제초기 설계 제작)

  • Choi, Il Soo;Choi, Yong;Lee, Beom Seob;Ji, Keum Bae;Yun, Young Tae;Yoo, Soo Nam
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 2017.04a
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    • pp.77-77
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    • 2017
  • 현재 국내의 경우 4륜 승용관리기가 개발되었으나 성능 미비와 편이성 부족으로 승용관리기 및 부속 작업기 보급이 매우 저조한 상태이다. 3륜 승용관리기는 작업기 복부 장착으로 작업의 정밀도, 편이성, 관측의 용이성 향상과 함께 지상고 제고, 차폭 조절, 조향 등의 성능 개선을 기할 수 있다. 국내에서는 3륜 승용관리기용 복부 장착 부속작업기가 거의 개발되어 있지 않으며, 특히 두류 재배에 있어서 일관기계화 작업을 위한 관리작업기의 개발은 매우 필요한 실정이다. 승용관리기에 의한 중경제초는 잡초방제는 물론 물 빠짐과 토양 속 통기가 좋아지고, 지온 조절, 쓰러짐 방지, 부정근 발생을 조장하여 콩의 생육과 결실을 좋게 함으로써 수량이 증가되는 효과가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 3륜 승용관리기에 적합한 복부장착형의 중경제초기를 설계 제작하였다. 3륜 승용관리기용 중경제초기는 승용관리기의 복부 PTO에서의 구동력 전달을 위한 연결 조인트, 중간축, 기어 및 체인 전동기구, 구동축으로 구성된 동력전달부, 중경제초를 위한 5개의 로타리 날과 후방 1개의 제초날로 구성된 3조의 작업날, 경심 조절을 위한 바퀴, 다양한 조간거리에 적응을 위한 조간조정 나사부, 흙의 비산 방지를 위한 로타리 날 커버 및 케이스, 3륜 승용관리기에의 부착을 위한 프레임 및 부착보조 작업기 이동용 바퀴장치 등으로 구성 설계 제작하였다. 로타리 날은 기존 시판 관리기용 로타리 중경 날을 사용하였는데 진행방향에 역으로 회전하도록 하였고, 날의 회전반경은 약 330 mm, 조당 경운 폭은 약 250 mm, 최대 경심 100 mm로 설계하였다. 조간거리의 조절범위는 수동나사에 의하여 620~900 mm 범위로 무단조절 할 수 있도록 하였다. 중경제초기는 3륜 승용 관리기 복부의 평행링크에 부착되므로 작업기의 이동 및 부착 편이성을 위하여 이동용 바퀴를 설치하였다. 제작된 중경제초기의 크기는 길이${\times}$${\times}$높이가 $660{\times}2072{\times}880mm$, 중량은 약 200 kg으로 제작되었다.

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Design and Construction of the Cultivating Hiller for a 3-Wheel Riding Type Cultivating Vehicle (3륜 승용관리기용 중경배토기 설계 제작)

  • Choi, Il Soo;Choi, Yong;Lee, Beom Seob;Ji, Keum Bae;Yun, Young Tae;Yoo, Soo Nam
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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    • 2017.04a
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    • pp.76-76
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    • 2017
  • 4륜 승용관리기는 보통 후방이나 전방에 작업기를 장착하여 작업하나 3륜 승용관리기는 작업기를 복부에 장착함으로 작업의 정밀도, 편이성, 관측의 용이성 향상과 함께 지상고 제고, 차폭 조절, 조향 등의 성능 개선을 기할 수 있다. 국내에서는 3륜 승용관리기용 복부 장착 부속작업기가 거의 개발되어 있지 않으며, 특히 두류 재배에 있어서 일관기계화 작업을 위한 관리작업기의 개발이 매우 필요한 실정이다. 승용관리기의 중경배토기에 의한 작업은 기존 인력에 의한 작업보다 약 87%의 노력을 절감할 수 있으며, 잡초방제 효과도 인력에 비하여 크게 떨어지지 않고, 수량도 증가하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 3륜 승용관리기에 적합한 복부장착형의 중경배토기를 설계 제작하였다. 3륜 승용관리기용 중경배토기는 승용관리기의 복부 PTO에서의 구동력 전달을 위한 연결 조인트, 중간축, 기어 및 체인 전동기구, 구동축으로 구성된 동력전달부, 4개의 로타리 날과 후방 1개의 배토날로 구성된 3조의 작업날, 로타리 날과 배토날의 경심 조절을 위한 3조의 바퀴, 흙의 비산 방지를 위한 로타리날 커버 및 케이스, 다양한 조간거리에 적응을 위한 조간조정 나사부, 3륜 승용관리기에의 부착을 위한 프레임 및 부착보조 작업기 이동용 바퀴장치 등으로 구성 설계 제작하였다. 로타리 날과 배토날은 기존 시판 관리기용 날을 사용하였다. 로타리 날은 진행방향으로 회전하도록 하였으며, 날의 회전반경은 약 330 mm, 조당 경운 폭은 약 230 mm 설계하였다. 최대 경심은 100 mm이며, 조간거리의 조절범위는 수동 나사에 의하여 620~900 mm 범위로 무단조절 할 수 있도록 하였다. 중경제초기는 3륜 승용 관리기 복부의 평행링크에 부착되므로 작업기의 이동 및 부착 편이를 위하여 이동용 바퀴를 설치하였다. 제작된 중경배토기의 크기는 길이${\times}$${\times}$높이가 $660{\times}2072{\times}880mm$, 중량은 약 200 kg으로 제작되었다.

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A Study on Labor Saving in Paddy Rice Cultivation (논벼재배에 있어서의 노동력 절감에 관한 연구)

  • Young-Chul Chang
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.11
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    • pp.81-97
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    • 1972
  • Experiments and investigations were done basically and practically for the purpose of labor saving in paddy rice cultivation especially on Homizil i.e. hoeing and herbicide, 1969. 8 concrete tanks were established on the open base of Keon Kuk University for comparison of percolation, dissolved oxygen and yield test of rice in the paddy plot of tank. The dimension of the bottom of each tank is square meter. Each of the 4 of the 8 tanks is 21cm in height and each of the remaining 4 tanks is 36cm. Each tank has a system that comprises 2 sets of tubes, each of which has 20 holes of 5mm in diameter scattered every side and is covered with nylon cloth taking water in the tank. One set consists of 4 P.V.C tubes. The first set is situated 8cm below the top of the tank and the second set is located at bottom layer inside the tank. The 4 tubes of each set are combined together and led to the glass tube which protects from inside to outside. And this inside-outside glass tube is connected to the small rubber tube. Also a glass tube is set 4cm below the top of the tank. Paddy loam was filled on sand in each of the tanks in the soil depth of either 15cm or 30cm. The depth of sand was 5cm in the soil depth of 15cm and 10cm in the soil depth of 30cm. (Fig. 1, 2 and 3). The paddy rice was grown in the tank. The percolation of water, the dissolved oxygen and the yield of rice were observed in the tank. And the dissolved oxygen was detected by Winkler method. A sandy paddy field of heavy percolation was selected at the field of the National Agricultural Material Inspection Center in Seoul. It was divided into 9 plots. These plots were given 3 treatments: (A) not hoeing, (B) hoeing one time and (C) hoeing two times. These treatments were replicated 3 times along the latin square design. The paddy rice was grown and sprayed with Stam F-34 in the all plots for the purpose of killing weeds before hoeing. The two types of paddy of field i.e. one for normal percolation and the other for ill drainage were selected at Iri Crop Experiment Station, Jeonla-Bukdo. Each field was divided into 24 plots for 8 treatments. They are: (A) not hoeing; (B) hoeing one time; (C) hoeing two times; (D) not hoeing but treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (E) hoeing one time and weeding two times also treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (F) hoeing two times and weeding one time a], o treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (G) hoeing two times and weeding two times also treating with herbicide, Pamcon, ; (H) usual manner. The labor hours and expenses needed for weeding in the paddy by hoeing were investigated in a farmer at Suwon and the price of herbicide and the yield of rice were taken out at Iri, Jeonla-Bukdo. The results obtained from the above experiments and investigations are as follows: 1. The relationship between percolation and dissolved oxygen shows that a very small amount of oxygen is detected in the soil water under 2cm below surface of earth in the paddy even when percolation is over 4.0cm per 24 hours (Tab. 1). 2. The relationship between percolation and yield of rice shows that the yield of rice increases in the percolation of 0cm and 1.5cm per 24 hours and decreases in the percolation of 2.5cm and 3.4cm in the plot of the 15cm ploughing depth and increases in the percolation of 1.4cm and 3.0cm and decreases in the percolation of 0cm and 4.0cm in the plot of 30cm ploughing depth (Tab. 1 and Fig. 5). 3. The yield of paddy weeded with Stam F-34 in the sandy field of heavy percolation in Seoul was 3.02 tons in the plot of not hoeing, 2.99 tons in hoeing one time and 3.05 tons in hoeing two times per hectare (Tab. 5). 4.1). 4. 1) The yield of rice per 10 ares in the field of normal percolation at Iri was 338kg in not hoeing, 379kg in hoeing one time, 383kg in hoeing two times, 413kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and not hoeing, 433kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing one time and weeding two times, 399kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding one time, 420kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding two times and 418kg in usual manner (Tab. 6-1). 2) The yield of rice per 10 ares in the field of ill drainage at Iri was 323kg in not hoeing, 363kg in hoeing one time, 342kg in hoeing two times, 388kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and not hoeing, 425kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing one time and weeding two times, 427kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding one time, 449kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding two times and 412kg in usual manner (Tab. 6-2). 5. 1) The labor hours for weeding by hoeing was 37.1 hours but 53.5 hours if hours for meal, smoking and so on are included, and the expenses including labor cost needed for weeding by hoeing in the paddy rice was 2, 346 Won per 10 ares at Suwon (Tab. 7). 2) The labor hours for weeding by spraying herbicide with hand sprayer in the paddy rice was about 5 hours per 10 ares at Suwon and the expenses for weeding by spraying herbicide in the paddy rice was 750 Won but 1130 Won if the loss by decrement of rice in the paddy field of ill drainage per 10 ares is calculated in estimation at Iri (Tab. 8). From these observations and investigations it is known that using of some kinds of herbicides Saves labor and expenses of weeding, almost without giving damages to the rice itself, in the field of normal or heavy percolation comparing usual manner of hoeing.

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