• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.244-257
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• 2020

State-designated rain gauge pedestals, including a rain gauge support, were installed in front of the "Imunwon" at Changdeok Palace, made from various rock types. Some of those pedestals provide exact information on their production dates. These rain gauge pedestals are highly valuable as scientific instruments; however, there has been insufficient scientific research carried out on them. Therefore, precise analysis and conservative consideration are required. As a result of petrographic character analysis, the Changdeokgung rain gauge pedestal has been classified as marble. Furthermore, comparison of the results of P-XRF analysis with GSJ reference samples (JLs-1, JDo-1) has determined it to be dolomitic marble. Applying the same analysis to other state-designated rain gauge pedestals, it was presumed that the rain gauge supports at Gyeongsand-do Provincial Office and Gwansanggam were each made from aplite, pinkish medium-to-coarse biotite granite. Results confirmed that only the Changdeokgung rain gauge pedestal was made from marble. Marble is viewed as having an identity specificity rooted in a certain historical background. According to the tendency towards stone figures being made from marble, especially dolomitic marble, it is necessary to further studies whether particular rocks were used to make royal stone figures in Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.13-30
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• 2005

This paper is a morphologic-bibliographic analysis on every printed books of Hanmunbon Great Learn(大學), one of $\lceil$FourBooks(四書)$\rfloor$, in Chosun Dynasty. Through examination of the physical characteristics of oks in many institutes and private collections, $\lceil$Daehakjanggudaejun(大學章句大全)$\rfloor$, was systematically explored, which was the most frequently Published Great Learn (大學) in Chosun Dynasty. The Hanmunbon Great Learn (大學) was published mainly in Central Publishing Office in Hansung Area and Kyungsang provinces, and in the period of 17C to 19C. There are two streams of $\lceil$Daehakjanggudaejun$\rfloor$. One is the reprinted edition of Myungbon(明本覆刻), originated from $\lceil$Saseookyungdaejun(四書五經大全)$\rfloor$, compiled by Hokwang(胡廣) and colleagues in Myung(明). The second is movable type books of Chosun(朝鮮活字本), the contents of which being the same as the other stream.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.267-289
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• 2017

The objectives of this study are to survey publications of the chinese version of surviving to the present day and to analyze their characteristics systematically based on physical bibliographical assessment of its 42 versions. Important findings are following: During the Chosun Dynasty, the largest number(69%) of publication and distribution of was from the Youngrak Version(Ming Books) of "ShiJundaquan", of which reversely engraved editions, typologic editions, and the reversely engraved editions of the typologic editions were found. Among 42 versions, 14 reversely engraved editions are originated from the Youngrak Version. Those from earlier versions to the versions right after ImjinWar were similar to Youngrak Version in morphological characteristics, later some editions were found to be far different from Youngrak Version by repeating the reverse engraving. As for the publication time of , most editions were printed in the 18th century. The publication region of was also examined, Gyeonggi and Gyeongsang regions are the most frequent printing places. Typologic editions were printed mainly at Gyeonggi region, and the reversely engraved editions from Ming Books were printed at Gyeongsang region as Gamyeongbon (the books from Supervisory Office).

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.9 no.2 s.23
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• pp.33-48
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• 2000

This study aims to analyze the construction of Kyungsang KAMYOUNG in the late Chosun dynasty by restoring its constructive system and relating it with the office organization. followings are the summary of this study. 1. Government office of Daegu consists of inn(KAEGSA), Kyungsang KAMYOUNG, and Daegu city hall(BUA), and JINYOUNG. 2. The layout of virtual placement is shown in the in the text. Even though it had been newly constructed due to three times of fire, the fundamental scheme of space is found out not to have been changed since mid-eighteen century at the latest. 3. Followings are the result of analyzing the space of KAMYOUNG, after dividing its space into entry area, main business area and police military business area in the aspect of business. First, entry area consists of 2 door system with external door(UOISAMMUN) and internal door(NAESAMMUN). Second, main business area consists of facilities for inspector, public officials, and low grade employee respectively This space is divided into SUNHWADANG area and JINGCHONGKAK area, and the former consists of active business facilities, and the latter consists of passive business facilities focusing on the rest facilities. Third, business support area consists of facilities for low grade employee and minor assistant respectively, which are placed to the left and right of POJONGMUN and KWANPUNGRU. Fourth, police military business space is in middle(JUNGYOUNG) and forms separate areas to the east of SUNHWADANG. Accordingly, It is certain that the space of Kyungsang KAMYOUNG had been placed in accordance with the nature of business per position.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.593-612
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• 1996

This study concern with the changes of street from the Choseon Dynasty to present days around Old-Boundary in Taegu, analyzing the backgrounds of change factors and development trends of the Taegu City. The basis element of a city structure is the street. Therefore, in this study, a chage of street space of a city was investigted. Historically, Taegu was a walled city and had a Mono-nucleus which was restricted by the castle, and served as a starting point of formation of spatial structuure. The form of the artery street took a "T" pattern, othe streets were formed in irregular shapes. As the city grew gradually, the castle was removed on account of diversification in traffic network, change of socio-economic organization in traffic network, change of socio-economic organization, formation of industrial bases and functional distribution. CBD of this city has been located within the area surrounded by these streets. This is a kind of general pattern of traditional walled cities through the world in both Western and Oriental societies. A s the begining of this centry, a 'Dark Ages' descended upon Korea because the country was under the Japanese-Korean Annexation, and, throughout this period, the urban planning was planned exclusively for Japanese. The street pattern within residential areas of Korea took the maze type, in contrast with Japanese residential areas which showed grid pattern of streets. This is another general pattern of almost of all colonial cities especially in Asia. High class residential areas were planned and built by Japanese, and they were located within 5-10 minutes' on-foot distance from the CBD hard core. This high prestige has continued until the 1980s when it occurred land use succession which commerical functions invaded into residential areas. Back in the colonial period, there was a between two hetrogeneous groups due to the fact that the Japanese lived mainly oriented the new railway system but that Koreans still lived along the old highway system which ran through the Korea Peninsula. Street netwook formed in the above process has maintained its shape without great changes after the liberation form the Japanese Colony. Taegu has, accordingly, developed ring-radial network system which has been a combination of radial and ring facilities. The present conditions of street patterns in Taegy mainly depend on 4 rings and 8 radius, with grid pattern street able to be found in Old Boundary.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.133-154
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• 2020

In this study, we reviewed the preparation process and the main Uimul involved in the procession of Gyeongsang Gamsa Doim in the late Joseon Dynasty. We reviewed the Yeongyeong- Ilgi, written by Cho, Jae-ho, and the Miam-Ilgicho, wtitten by Yoo Hee-chun. Those who had been appointed as a Gamsa by the Sammang System went through the Saeun and Sajo procedures to thank and say goodbye to the king before leaving for his assignment. The Gyoseo and Yuseo were usually received from the king at this time, but in some cases, they were received in the Seungjeongwon, or the Seori of Seungjeongwon brought them directly to the place where the Gamsa works. The Milbu with the Eoab was received along with the Yuseol, and the principle was to return the Milbu later. The procession of Gamsa is divided into the pre-and post-Gyoinsik procession and the Sunryeok procession. It was confirmed that the pre-Gyoinsik procession was made more compact than the post-Gyoinsik procession. In the study, we reviewed Ilsan, which is necessary for the officials' procession, and also examined the Gyoseo, Yuseo, Jeol·Wol, and Milbu received from the king. We also looked at the Gwan-in and Byeongb given by the former Gamsa at the the Gyoinsik. The Jeol, which means the command and the Wol, which means killing power, were given to the Gamsa. And unlike previous studies, it was confirmed that the Jeol was a perforated hexagon and and the Wol was a trident. Also, it was found that Ilsan is white, and there are two rows of Yuso on each of the six ribs of the umbrella. It is thought that the results of this study, which looked at the Doim process and Uimul by dividing the Gyeongsang-Gamsa Doim procession in the late Joseon Dynasty pre-and post-Gyoinsik, will be helpful in understanding the process of Gasmsa Doim. In addition, it is expected that it can be used as basic data for reproduction event of traditional culture related to Gwana, such as the reproduction of Gyeongsang-Gamsa Doim-Sunlyeok procession and Gyoinsik.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.153-175
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• 2015

This study is to analyse Korean map inserted in the "Gwandong Gwanseo-jido(關東 關西地圖)" which is reserved in the Gyujanggak Archives as the mother edition of Korean Map("朝鮮圖") in Kangxi Atlas made in Qing dynasty. Map in Gyujanggak is very similar to the Korean map in the Kangxi atlas in terms of shape of southern part of Korean peninsula, boundary of provinces. Especially over 80% of place names on two maps are coincident and over 90% of islands names are identical. It is revealed that map in the Gyujanggak Archive is the most similar map to the Kangxi Atlas in Korea. This map was produced in 1729~1736 which is late compared to the Kangxi Atlas. This difference of production period shows that mother editon of map in Gyujanggak is the base map of Korean Map in Kangxi atlas. The similarity and differences between those maps show the process of edition of geography in the produce the Kangxi atlas. And map in Gyujanggak shows that production of new type of Korean whole map was began in the late $17^{th}$ century.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.305-328
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• 2006

This paper is a bibliographic analysis on printed books of $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}$(孟子) in Choseon Dynasty. Through examination of the physical characteristics of books in many institutes and private collections, $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}j\acute{i}zh\grave{u}d\grave{a}q\acute{a}n$(孟子集註大全)was systematically explored, which was the most frequently published $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}$(孟子) in Choseon Dynasty. $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}$(孟子) was published mainly in Kyungki and Kyungsang provinces, and in the period of 17C to 19C. There are two streams of $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}j\acute{i}zh\grave{u}d\grave{a}q\acute{a}n$. One is the series of the reprinted edition of $M\acute{i}ngbon$(明本覆刻), originated from Saseookyungdaejun(四書五經大全), compiled by Hokwang(湖廣) and colleagues in $M\acute{i}ng$(明). The second is the series of Chungyuja books(丁酉字本) among movable type books of Choseon(朝鮮活字本), the contents of which being the same as the other stream. Also, $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}d\grave{a}iw\acute{e}n$(孟予大文) and $M\grave{e}ngz\check{i}zh\grave{e}ngw\acute{e}n$(孟子正文) are frequently published.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.97-116
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• 2014

When the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty seized the power as the emperor of China, he issued a royal order to Hokwang and others, to publish a book entitled "Sambudaejeon," in the name of following the death-bed instruction of Taizu. The book was completed no less then 10 months after the order was issued in September 1415(Yongle 13). With the first copy imported from the Ming Dynasty as the original script, Sambudaejeon was engraved on wood by going sharing with 3 provinces including Gyeongsang-do, Jeonlla-do, and Gangwon-do, during the period of 1427~1428(Sejong 9~10). The result of surveying and analysing the distribution of the Ming Dynasty was imported to Chosun, shows that the engraving copy of the original script from the Ming was published more then 18 times in Chosun, among which only 50 types are identified to exist currently. As a result of analyzing these 50 existing types, This status of publication suggests that the books were intensively published and distributed in Gyeonggi and Gyeongsang provinces where the demands for the books were urgent, to meet the needs when the books were rapidly lost during the period of Japanese invasion.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.123-139
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• 1985

The present survey was undertaken to observe the geographical distibution of matacercaria among the sweetfish, Plecoglossus altivelis, the most important second intermediate host of Metagonimus yokegawai, which were collected during the period from 1983 to 1984 in south-eastern coastal areas of Korea. The results obtained were summarized as follow: 1. A total of 668 sweetfish collected from 70 chins (=streams) in the above coastal arcus was examined for the metacercariae, and 432 (64.7%) among them were infected with metacercariae of M. yokogawai. The mean number of metacercariae in a fish was in the range from 0 to 29,604 and the mean number of the metacercariae in a fish was 640.3. 2. It was observed that the mean infection rate showed 46.45 in Gangweon-Do (=province) . The infection rates varied from stream to stress showing 100% in Namdae stream(Gangnun-city) , Obsib stream (Samchok-gun) and Dongmak, 95.0% in Hosan stream, 90.0% in Gungchin stream, and Namdae stream (Yangyang-fp) ,80.0% in Hwasang stream,50.0% in Daebong stream,45.0% in Yonghwa stream, 30.0% in sangchsn stream and Sachsn stream, 20.0% in Munam stream and Okgyoe stream, 15.0% in Imweon stream, 10.0% in Namchsn stream. And no metacercarial infections in their fish host were found in the areas of Mulchi stream, Sangun stream, Gosamun stream, Jonchon stream and Gagok stream. 3. It was observed that the mean infection rate showed 50.9% in Kyangsangbuk-Do (=province). The infection rates also varied from stream to stream showing 100% in Songchon stream, Osib stream (Yongdok-gun) and Daejong stream,60.0% in Pyanghae stream and Gunmu stream,50.0% in Buhwung stream and stream, 25.0% in Nagok stream, 20.0% in Oangbi stream, 10.0% in Namhodong stream. And no metacercarial infections in their fish host were found in the areas of Namdae stream (Uljinup) and Chaksan stream. 4. It was observed that the mean infection rate showed 67.6% in Kyangsangnam-Do(=province). The infection rates varied from stream to stream showing 100% in Taehwa river, Hwiya river, Inchfn stream, Miryang river, Nam river, Hwagae stream, Koha stream, Sosang stream, and Tongchon stream,90.9% in Yancho stream,90.0% in Hoihwa stream,80.0% in Chindong stream, 66. YoA in Chingyo stream, 40.0% in Hoyam river. And no metacercarial infections in their fish host were found in the areas of Chinjon stream, Sanchan stream and Jukch6n stream. 5. It was observed that the mean infection rate showed 94.6"A in 0h511anam-Do(=province). The infection rates varied from stream to stream showing 100% in DongchEn stream, Isachon stream, Somjin river(GoksEng-gun) , Ssmjin river(Kurye-gun) , S6si stream, Gokchsn stream, Kohung stream, Kwansan stream, Youi stream, stream, Unj6n stream and Apnae stream, 92.3% in Tamjin river, 90.9% in Okkok stream, 84.6% in Songgen stream. And no metacercarial infections in their fish host were found in the area of Ypmgpl stream. 6. On the other hand, the infection rate showed 100% in Inchsn river of Chollabuk Do (=province) (=province) and Kangsn stream of Cheju-Do(=province) .