• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.2 s.259
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• pp.111-116
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• 2006

Background: Perforation of the esophagus is a deadly injury that requires expert management for survival. The mediastinal contamination with microorganisms, gastric acid, and digestive enzymes results in a mediastinitis that is often fatal if untreated. Material and Method: Between January 1990 and June 2004, 38 patients with esophageal perforation were treated in our hospital. Retrospective review of these cases has been performed. Result: There were 28 males and 10 females. The mean age was 43.84$\pm$18.89 years (range $1{\~}73$ years). Spontaneous rupture was found in $34\%$ of perforations, iatrogenic perforation in $32\%$ and traumatic perforation in $34\%$. Perforation occurred in the cervical esophagus in 8 cases, thoracic esophagus in 29 and abdominal esophagus in 1. In the cervical esophageal perforation, managements were primary closure in 8 and drainage in 2. In the thoracic esophageal perforation, managements were primary closure in 14, resection in 3 and conservative management in 12. The mortality rate was $25\%$ in cervical esophageal perforation and $34.5\%$ in thoracic esophageal perforation. We revealed risk factor of esophageal perforation to be peropertaive septic condition (p=0.005). Conclusion: Most important risk factor of esophageal perforation was preoperative septic condition. Preoperative prompt and aggressive preoperative treatment may improve the survival rate of esophageal perforation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution aspect of unrestored and restored combined shape (wedge shape occulusally and saucer shape gingivally) class V cavity, which found frequently in clinical cases. A maxillary second permolar restored with a combined shape class V composite restorations were modeled using the three dimensional finite element method. Static occlusal load of 170 N was applied on lingual incline of buccal cusp at the angle of $45^{\circ}$ with the longitudinal axis of the tooth. And three dimensional finite element analysis was taken by ANSYS (Version 6.0, Swanson Analysis System Co., Houston, U.S.A) program which represent the stress distribution on unrestored and restored cavity wall and margin. The conclusions were as follows. 1. Compared to the unrestored cavity, Von Mises stress at the cementoenamel junction and line angle of the cavity base were reduced and in restored cavity. 2. Von Mises stress at the occlusal and cervical cavity margin and wall were increased in restored cavity in comparison with the unrestored cavity. 3. In the hybrid and hybrid/flowable composite resin restoration, Von Mises stress at the cementoenamel junction and line angle of the cavity base were reduced more than in the flowable restoration. 4. In the hybrid and hybrid/flowable composite resin restoration, Von Mises stress at the occlusal and cervical cavity margin and wall were increased more than in the flowable restoration.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.16-26
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• 1990

고대 이집트시대에서부터 동식물 유지가 차축유 등에 쓰여진 것이 잘 알려져 있으며 유지는 화학적으로 일종의 에스테르이다. 현재 사용되는 윤활유는 그 대부분 원유를 원료로 하는 석유계 윤활유이고 그 외에 동식물유 및 합성 윤활유가 일부 쓰이고 있다. 각종 도구나 기계류의 윤활제로서 동식물 유지가 쓰여지기 시작한 것은 기원전 1500년경부터라 한다. 합성윤활유는 19세기 중엽부터 연구개발이 시작되어 1930년대부터 1940년 사이에 Standard oil of Indiana사이에 $\alpha$-Olefin Oligomer를 그리고 독일 IG 사에서는 Olefin Oligomer와 에스테르를 처음 공업생산하였다.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.422-474
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• 1994

지하철 과천선의 사고는 인재라고는 하나 근본적으로 기술개발을 소홀히 했기 때문이라고 생각 한다. 300km/h의 경부 고속전철은 터널, 통신, 신호, 기계, 전기 등의 첨단 복합기술로서 이들의 통합에 의한 엔지니어링의 산물이며, 지하철보다는 차원이 다른 고도의 설계.엔지니어링 기술을 요구한다. 또한 고속으로 주행하는 데 따른 안전한 열차의 제동은 물론, 사고에 대비하기 위한 열차제어 시스템 등에 의한 모든 열차운영은 전적으로 기술적인 문제와 결부되어 있다. 이러한 고속전철기술의 자립을 이룩하려면 정부의 고속전철기술에 대한 정책전략과 이를 실현하려는 의지에서 출발하는 점을 다시 한 번 강조한다. 지금부터 한 세대가 지나기 전에 우리가 독자적 으로 설계, 제작, 건설한 고속전철이 부산에서 서울을 거쳐 신의주 및 원산을 달리는 시대가 오 기를 기대한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.131-139
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• 1998

여름철 고온기를 지나는 하우스 밀감은 착색이 되기 전에 과육이 선숙되는데, 일반적으로 착색은 고온에 의해 지연된다(Goldschmidt, 1988). 소비자들은 충분히 착색되지 않고 녹색을 띤 밀감은 성숙이 안된 것으로 생각하고 있기 때문에 수확 후 에테폰 처리에 의해 착색을 촉진시키고 있으나(Jimenez-Cuesta 등, 1983) 과경부의 꼭지가 쉽게 건조되고 짙은 오렌지색으로 발색되지 않고 연한 노란 색으로 되어 상품성이 높지 못하다. (중략)

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.289.2-290
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1987.05a
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• pp.24.2-24
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• 1987

저자들은 1982년부터 1987년까지 5년간 서울대학교병원 이비인후과에서 경험한 21예의 갑상설관 낭종에 관한 임상적 관찰을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 발현 연령은 출생시부터 43세로 다양하였으나 21예중 10례가 10세 이전에 발생하였다. 7예에서는 경부종괴가 주소였으며 4예에서는 누공이 주소이었다. 낭종은 대부분 정중선에 위치하였으며 설골 하부에 위치한 예가 17예이었다. 전례에서 설골 중앙부를 포함한 전 병소를 제거하였으며 현재까지 재발된 예는 없었다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 1995

To predict preoperatively the safety of permanent occlusion of an internal carotid artery with $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO brain single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) from an objective point of view, Twenty-four patients underwent balloon test occlusion (BTO) of the internal carotid arteries because of neck and skull base tumors. The authors assessed the uptake of both middle cerebral artery territories before and during BTO with $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO brain SPECT using semiquantitative analysis method and compared the results with other factors(neurologic examination, arterial stump pressure and electroenceph-alogram). Nineteen patients had not experienced neurological deteriorating or any problem during BTO. Their comparative uptakes of the middle cerebral artery territories were 95 to 101% of the pre-BTO state. The remaining five patients showed severe neurologic symptoms such as transient hemiplegia and unconsciousness. Their comparative uptake of the middle cerebral artery territories were 77 to 85% of the pre-BTO state, and were well matched with other factors. $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO brain SPECT before and during BTO seems to be a simple and objective method for prediction of permanent neurologic deficits when the comparative uptake of middle cerebral artery territories during BTO is lower than 85% of that before BTO.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2005

To relieve congestion in the current system of intercity transportation, the Korea decided in 1990 to construct a high-speed railroad between Seoul and Busan and it is now in operation. This new mode of transportation significantly cut travel time between major cities and a trip from Seoul to the southeastern port of Busan. Since the KTX opening, average daily passenger numbers on both the Gyeongbu and Honam lines have increased about 1.3 fold over 2003 levels. As of December 2004, the KTX trains are carrying about 81,000 people a day. On KTX routes, the daily number of airline passengers dropped. Express long-distance bus traffic also dropped by 20% to 30%, while that on short-distance routes (100km or less) increased by about 20%. These figures clearly indicate that the Korean transportation network is becoming railroad-centric. However, the number of KTX passengers is fewer than anticipated possibly due to the Korean economic downturn and the operation of the KTX will leave many existing Saemaul and Mugunghwa train sets idle, which will be put into operation for areas, not covered by the KTX. When all the existing major lines have been electrified, more high-speed rail services will be phased in using direct connections to maximize operational efficiency. And also, the dual management by KTX and conventional rail will be regarded as the promotion of the benefit of the public.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.112-123
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• 2007

Purpose: Evaluate the clinical results of humerus neck nonunion treated with Polarus intramedullary nail. Materials and Methods: 8 patients who underwent surgery for nonunion of humerus surgical neck fracture were included. All patients were female, the average age was 65 years. 5 out the total 8 cases initially received surgery, open reduction and internal fixation with metal plate in 1 case, Ender nail insertion in 2 cases, external fixator in 1 case and closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in 1 case. The other 3 non union cases initial received conservative managemnent. The average period of nonunion was 9 months in the operated group and 6.2 months in the conservative group. All 8 cases received closed reduction with intrameedullary Polarus nail and auto iliac bone graft. Union was confirmed radiologically, and functional evaluation was done with the UCLA functional criteria. Results: All 8 cases showed union on radiologic evaluation. Average time to union was 3.5 months, average follow up period was 27 months. Average UCLA shoulder evaluation score was 7.6 points preoperatively which improved to 26.3 points after surgery. Active shoulder flexion was 40.7 degrees preoperatiely which increased to 104 degrees after surgery. Shoulder abduction improved from 32.9 degrees preoperatively to 96.3 degrees after surgery. UCLA functional criteria was good in 5 cases and fair in 3 cases, which no poor cases. Conclusion: Polarus IM nailing and AIBG is a useful method for treating nonunion of humerus neck fracture with improvement in union and function.