• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with perceived job satisfaction of TB control nurses in Korea. Methods: This study employed a descriptive survey research design using data for 189 TB control nurses. Variables included in this study were demographic, social, and work-related characteristics (including job stress), and job satisfaction. ANOVA, t-test,and multiple regression analyses were performed using SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. Results: The mean value of perceived job satisfaction was lower in the subjects ($2.9{\pm}0.41$) than in general nurses working in other departments. In multiple regression analysis, factors associated with TB control nurses' job satisfaction were job stress (${\beta}$=-.281, p<.001), marital status (${\beta}$=-.229, p<.001), and the number of TB control nurses employed (${\beta}$=.200, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that job satisfaction was associated more significantly with job-related characteristics than with non-job-related variables in workplace. Along with increased TB control nurse staffing, efforts should be made to reduce negative work-place issues such as job stress and inappropriate pay to improve the subject's job satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.359-371
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the status of tuberculosis (TB) infection control in hospitals. Method: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which self-administered questionnaires were used to survey 77 hospitals. Data were collected from August 12 to September 15, 2012. Results: Only 27 institutions (35.1%) were monitoring patients infected with or suspected of having TB. Most hospitals were conducting TB prevention education for patients' family and employees, and TB screening for employees along with follow-up examinations. However, private negative pressure rooms were more often available in wards and intensive care units than in outpatient departments, and in institutions with over 700 beds located in Seoul or GyeongGi Province. Most hospitals ensured that masks were placed on infected patients while transporting them. In addition, efforts to control TB infection such as placing respiratory etiquette posters in outpatient departments and airborne infection signs on the doors in the wards were also well established in most institutions. Conclusion: More efforts are needed to improve the status of TB infection control to ensure quality care, especially in terms of monitoring patients with TB infections and making private negative pressure rooms available in outpatient departments.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.351-361
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception and performance of tuberculosis infection control measures among emergency department nurses. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 227 emergency department nurses from 20 hospitals in B City. Results: The mean perception score was 4.52 out of a possible 5, and the mean performance score was 3.31 out of a possible 5. There were big differences between the perception and performance score on the items regarding wearing a gown or mask, while there were small differences on the items regarding dealing with patients' articles or medication. Conclusion: Emergency nurses showed high perception and low performance score on the items related to facilities and regulation such as visitation restriction or patient isolation. There was a positive correlation between perception and performance score. Conclusion: For emergency nurses, perception is higher than performance of tuberculosis infection control measures. The findings indicate the importance of providing continuing education for emergency nurse professionals seeking to update and increase their knowledge and to develop evidence-based nursing protocols on tuberculosis infection control in emergency department.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 1993

This study was done about 371 tuberculosis(TB) patients composed 195 newly registered at Kyungju Gun Health Center from May 1989 to April 1990 (Group A) and 176 being treated at hospitals or private clinics from January 1988 to November 1989(Group B). When Group A patients visited and newly registered at Health Center, data was obtained by interviewing with a prepared questionnaire paper. And well trained inquirer visited Group B patients and obtained data by the same method from February 1990 to April 1990. The results are as follows ; Group A was generally lower than Group B in socioeconomic status and in family history of TB, the rate of Group A was 24.1% and higher than 11.9% in Group B(p<0.05). Knowledge about TB was improved more than past, but those who answered that TB is 'a communicable disease' were 59.5% in Group A and 51.7% in Group B(p<0.05). Those answered that TB is 'a inherited disease' were 9.2% and 11.4% each. And 1.7% of Group B answered that TB is 'a incurable disease'. Knowledge about TB treatment also was improved more than past, but in the rate of those who answered that TB is a curable disease provided by well treatment Group B(77.8%) was worse than Group A(91.3%). The rate of those who answered that TB were been able to cure by regularly anti-TB medication were 98.0% in Group A and 89.8% in Group B. Its difference was statistically significant. The rate that patients took the first diagnosis and wanted to receive treatments at the same organ were 34.9% of Group A at Health Center and 72.2% of Group B at hospitals or private clinics. And its difference was statistically significant. In the reasons that Group B knew Health Center treated pulmonary TB but they was treated at hospitals or private clinics, unreliability to Health Center was 48.1%. The reasons that Group A was treated at Health Center were 'because of trust' 63.1%, 'because of low cost' 50.3%, 'because of low cost except trust' 9.3%, 'no specific reasons' 27.7%. In the courses of knowing that TB was controlled at Health Center, 'by neighborhood, health worker and doctors' were 84.9% in Group A and 69.0% in Group B. But 'by TV or radio' were 8.2% in Group A and 14.7% in Group B, 'by school education' 2.5% in Group A and 6.2% in Group B. Conclusively, Group A patients were lower than Group B in socioeconomic status, but better than in knowledge about TB. Its reasons was suggested that Health Center had controlled TB patients better than hospitals and private clinics. But considering, that difference in the rate of the same organ for the first diagnosis and treatment, that the only 63.0% of Group A have treated due to 'reliability to Health Center', and that 48.1% of Group B knew that Health Center treated pulmonary TB but didn't visit it due to 'unreliability to Health Center', that public relations(PR) about use Health Center for pulmonary TB and health education for TB was thought to have to strengthened.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1981

A direct complement fixation test supplemented with procomplementary porcine serum was studied using anticomplementary human, rabbit and bovine serum against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Procomplementary activity of porcine serum varied with porcine individual and affected by anticomplementary antiserum. The procomplementary titre of porcine serum against rabbit, human and bovine serum ranged from 1:5 to 1:40. By means of complement fixation test supplemented by porcine serum, the specific complement-fixing antibody to both tuberculopolysaccharide and/or tuberculoprotein antigen was readily differentiated from the anticomplementary antibody titre.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.241-251
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• 2007

Purpose: To identify the effects on tuberculosis mortality of a tuberculosis control program conducted at 108 community health centers in terms of structure and process. Methods: The dependent variable was tuberculosis mortality, and the independent variables were the structure(type of centers, staff, nurses, doctors, budget) and process(chest X-ray checking, immunization, case detection, health education, patients registering & managing) of the tuberculosis control programs at the community health centers. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and stepwise regression analysis. Result: Tuberculosis morality was positively correlated with type of centers(rural area)(p<0.01), but negatively correlated with type of centers(large cities) (p<0.01), (middle cities)(p<0.05), staff FTE(p<0.05), and number of nurses(p<0.05). Regression analysis indicated that type of centers(rural area)($\beta$=0.457) and case detection($\beta$=0.234) had a significant effect on tuberculosis mortality. Conclusion: Ultimately, this study will provide information to improve the effectiveness of tuberculosis control programs in community health centers.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2008

Background: Surveillance of TB drug resistance (DR) is essential for providing information on the magnitude and trends in resistance, for developing treatment guidelines and for monitoring the effect of interventions. Up to now national surveys of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis have been conducted four times since 1994 among patients registered at health centers. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of primary drug resistance among new cases identified in private sector, and to compare it with the previous national drug resistance surveys. Methods: The study collected results of drug susceptibility testing (DST) performed at the Korean Institute of Tuberculosis by the request of private sector from January 2003 to December 2005, and then finally selected new cases for the analysis from the database of Korean TB Surveillance (KTBS) by matching patients' name and social identification numbers. Results: Of the 5,132 new patients included in the study, 689 (13.4%) patients were found to have drug resistance at least one drug, 530 patients (10.3%) were isoniazid resistant, 195 patients (3.8%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), and 21 patients (0.4%) were extensively drug resistant (XDR). The rate of drug resistance tended to decrease annually but it was not statistically significant. When compared with previous national DR surveys in 2003 and in 2004 respectively, they were not significantly different. Conclusion: The prevalence of DR among new cases managed in the private sector did not show significant difference from that of new patients registered in the public sector in the same year.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2008

Background: Drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) in patients who have not received previous TB treatment (initial drug resistance) is a serious problem for the control of TB. However, prevalence of initial drug resistance among pulmonary TB patients has not been well characterized in Korea, especially in the private sector. We assessed the prevalence of initial drug resistance and evaluated the risk factors for drug resistance in pulmonary TB patients, at a regional tertiary hospital in Cheonan. Methods: We performed a drug susceptibility test for both first and second line anti-TB drugs in all culture-confirmed pulmonary TB patients who had not received a previous TB treatment at Dankook University Hospital from September 2005 to September 2007. In addition, we evaluated the initial drug resistance pattern and clinical characteristics of patients to evaluate the risk factors for initial drug resistance. We also assessed the influence of the drug susceptibility test results on the treatment regimen. Results: Of the total 156 cases where the drug susceptibility test was performed, resistance to at least one anti-TB drug was found in 21 cases (15.6%) and multidrug resistance, where TB was resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, was found in one case (0.6%). Multivariate logistic regression showed no clinical characteristics were independently associated with initial drug resistance. Of the total 156 patients who underwent the drug susceptibility test, the treatment regimen was changed for 15 patients (9.6%) according to the results of the drug susceptibility test. Conclusion: Initial drug resistance is common and the drug susceptibility test is informative for pulmonary TB patients who have not received previous TB treatment.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 1999

In recent years continuously increasing number of tuberculosis (TB) cases due to the emergence of strains with multidrug resistance and AIDS is a significant global health problem. Therefore, more rapid and reliable diagnosis of TB may be one of the most urgent needs in efforts to eradicate the disease. The present study was designed to compare and assess the diagnostic values and efficiencies between the conventional methods (X-ray, AFB stain and culture) and PCR for pulmonary TB on 171 cases. Chest X-ray finding and clinical features revealed that 39 (22.8%) of 171 sputum specimens were pulmonary TB cases. The statistical data were taken on the basis of the definitive diagnosis: In X-ray, overall sensitivity, specificity, efficiency and false positive and false negative incidence was respectively 69.2%, 87.1％, 83.0%, 12.9%, and 30.8％； 79.5%, 95.5%, 91.8%,4.6％ and 20.5％ in AFB-stain; 56.4%, 99.2%,89.5%, 0.8% and 43.6% in culture; 82.1%, 96.2%, 93.0%, 3.8% and 17.9% in PCR. PCR got a highest sensitivity and efficiency as well as a lowest false negative incidence. Culture had a highest specificity with a lowest false positive incidence. These results imply that PCR assay is fast, sensitive and efficient method for diagnosis of pulmonary TB. However, combined use of the conventional methods with thorough quality control may offer more opportunities for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and diagnosting TB although they have some limits.

• Laboratory Medicine Online
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.94-102
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• 2017

Malaria, tuberculosis, and hepatitis are common and notorious infectious diseases in Myanmar. Despite intensive efforts to control these diseases, their prevalence remains high. For malaria, which is a vector-borne disease, a remarkable success in the reduction of new cases has been achieved. However, the annual number of tuberculosis cases has increased over the last few decades, and the prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis infection has been high in Myanmar and other nearby countries. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to control these diseases. We have devoted our research efforts to understanding the status of these infectious diseases and working towards their eventual elimination for the last four years with the support of the Korea International Cooperation Agency. In the modern era, an infection that develops in one geographical area can spread globally because national borders do not effectively limit disease transmission. Our efforts to understand the status of infectious diseases in Myanmar will benefit not only Myanmar but also neighboring countries such as Korea.