• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75.2-75.2
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• 1984

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.672-674
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• 1996

Chylothorax is a rare, but well-recognized complication of cardiothoracic surgery and operations in the region of the esophageal or aortic diaphragmatic hiatus. Especially, in nutritionally depleted patients requiring esophagectomy for benign or malignant diseases, it is a potentially life-threatening disorder that has profound respiratory, nutritional and immunologic co sequences . We have experienced a case of chylothorax after transhiatal esophagectomy in benign esophageal stricture. The diagnosis of chylothorax was confirmed after feeding through the jejunostomy tube by the change of the character of pleural effusion and high triglyceride level on the 5th postoperative day. On the thirteenth postoperative day, supradiaphragmatic thoracic duct ligation was performed through right thoracotomy. We could remove the chest tube on the 22th postoperative day, and the patient is being followed-up at out patient clinic without complications.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2009

Unilateral ureteronephrectomy was performed in a dog presented with unilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis. On laparotomy, severe adhesion of the dorsomedial border of the affected kidney to the abdominal aorta longitudinally and caudal pole of the kidney firmly to the ipsilateral ovary were observed. Since it was not possible to ligate the renal artery and vein separately due to severe adhesion tissue, two mass ligations were applied in the medial border of kidney, and the adhesion tissue was transected distal to each ligature. Then, blunt and sharp dissections were performed to isolate dorsomedial border of the kidney from the abdominal aorta, but they brought out unexpected hemorrhage caused by incision of renal artery and it has been suspected that two mass ligations could not include renal artery, which was adhered to dorsomedial border of the kidney. The hemorrhage was controlled by double ligations and electrocautery. In this case report, we recommend that if isolation of renal vessels is impossible due to strict adhesion of kidney to adjacent tissue, the mass ligation could be chosen to isolate and exteriorize the kidney and placed carefully not only at medial border of the kidney, where the renal vessels come into the kidney anatomically but also additional border of the kidney where adhesion tissues are formed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.7 s.264
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• pp.544-548
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• 2006

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of a combined high saphenous vein division and sclerotherapy without sacrificing saphenous vein for varicose vein. Material and Method: Between August 2004 and October 2005, 70 limbs in 50 patients were treated by a combined high saphenous vein division and sclero-therapy. The operative indication is valvular incompetence of femoral-saphenous or popliteal-saphenous junction. Patients received local anesthesia and were treated by a combined high saphenous vein division, ligation of incompetent perforating vein and $1{\sim}3%$ sclerosant. Patients received 1 day hospitalization and applied in com-pression stocking for 6 weeks. Patients followed after 1 week, 1 and 3 months. Result: Mean age of patients was $50{\pm}11$. The female was more common. 8 patients was no symptom, another 42 patients complained of pain, heaviness and fatigue of limbs. The symptoms of varicose vein disappeared 1 month after the procedure in all symptomatic patients. 8 patients needed a adjuvant sclerotherapy for residual varicose vein on 1 week after the procedure. There were only minor complications such as hematoma (1), wound infection (1), thrombophlebitis (20), skin blister (10), hyper-pigmentation (1), and skin ulcer (1). Conclusion: We concluded that a combined high saphenous vein division and sclerotherapy without sacrificing saphenous vein for varicose vein is simple, less invasive, economical, and effective treatment for primary varicose vein, and it has a special advantage that saphenous vein can be used as a bypass conduit later. The method was selective in old aged patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.874-878
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was undertaken to develop an animal model of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) induced by in utero clamping of pregnant rat aorta in fetal rats. Methods : A timed pregnanct Sprague-Dawley rat on embryonic day 21 just prior to delivery was sedated and anesthetized, and a Harvard ventilator for small animals was applied. Following laparotomy, the maternal aorta was clamped reversibly for 40 minutes using a surgical clip. The fetal rats were then delivered by Cesarean section, resuscitated if necessary, and reared by a surrogate mother rat until postnatal day 21 to obtain the brain specimen. After systemic perfusion and fixation, $10{\mu}m$ thick serial brain sections were obtained and stained for pathologic examination and assessment of ventriculomegaly. Ventriculomegaly was assessed by the measured ventricle to total brain volume ratio. Results : Eight out of eleven fetal rats (73%) survived in the ischemia group after induction of in utero ischemia by clamping maternal rat aorta, and all ten survived in the control group. Body and brain weights measured at postnatal day 21 were significantly lower in the ischemia group compared to the control group. In pathologic findings, significant ventriculomagaly ($3.67{\pm}1.21%$ vs. $0.23{\pm}0.06%$) was observed in the ischemia group compared to the control group; although cystic lesion was not observed, mild (n=6) and moderate (n=2) rerefaction of the brain tissue was observed. Conclusion : A fetal rat model of PVL induced by in utero clamping of pregnant rat aorta was developed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.289-297
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• 1999

최근 생약 추출물의 항균, 항염효과에 관한 관심이 증대되고 있으며 이를 이용한 치주질환의 예방 및 억제효과에 관한 연구들이진행되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 시험관 실험을 통하여 이미 밝혀진 후박 및 대조추출물의 치주질환 원인 균에 대한 항균, 항염효과를 성견에서 인위적으로 치주질환을 일으킨 후 실험 약제의 경구투여를 통하여 질환의 진행에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 실험동물은 생후 18개월된 비글견 6마리를 이용하였다. 상악은 제2,3 소구치 및 제4소구치에 하악은 제2, 3, 4 소구치 및 제1 대구치를 실험대상 치아로 하였으며 교정용 철사와 봉합사를 이용하여 치경부주위에 결찰하여 인위적 치주질환을 일으켰다. 염증 유발 8주 후에 결찰을 풀고 실험동물을 아무 것도 투여하지 않은 군(음성대조군, 3마리), 후박 및 대조 추출혼합물 투여군(실험군, 3마리)으로 나누었다. 실험 시작 (-8주), 약제 투여 시작(0주), 투여 후 2, 4, 6, 8주째에 치태지수, 치은지수, Florida Probe를 이용한 치주낭깊이 및 치은열구액 등의 임상지수를 측정하였다. 염증유발 8주동안에 치태지수, 치은지수, 치주낭깊이, 치은열구액은 급속히 증가하였다. 결찰은 제거하고, 약제를 투여한 이후 실험군에서 치은지수, 치주낭깊이, 치은열구액은 가장 높은 값을 나타내고 있었다. 실험군에서는 8주가 될때까지 임상지수 수치가 낮아지고 있었으며, 8주째에는 대부분의 지수에서 음성대조군과 유의성 있는 차이를 보이고 있었다. 양성대조군에서 비해서 실험군은 대부분의 경우에 임상지수가 나이지고 있었지만 6주 또는 8주째의 치은지수, 치주낭깊이 중 일부만을 제외하고는 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 이 연구결과 후박 및 대조 추출혼합물이 in vitro뿐만 아니라 in vivo 상태에서도 치주염의 치료 및 골재생의 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 이와 같은 동물실험의 결과를 바탕으로 임상시험을 거쳐 향후 사람에게 유용한 치주염치료제로 개발, 사용될 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1988

Alterations in splanchnic circulatory hemodynamics along with reactivities to the alpha adrenoceptor agonists were assessed in association with the preventive effects of propranolol 10 days after portal ligation. Decreases in precapillary resistance (Ra) and postcapillary resistance (Rv) along with increases in mesenteric blood flow (MBF) and capillary pressure (CP) were observed in conjunction with an increment of splenic pulp pressure (SPP). Dose-dependent increase in Rv in response to noradrenaline, increases in Ra and RV to adrenaline, and increases in superior mesenteric arterial pressure (SMAP), Ra and Rv to phenylephrine observed in sham group were significantly attenuated by portal vein stenosis. In PPL-3 group (propranolol 3 mg/kg, i.p. three times daily for 10 days), MBF was significantly decreased in association with decrease in mesenteric venous pressure (MVP) when compared with those of protal ligated (PL) group, and decreased Ra and Rv in PL group were recovered toward the values of sham group. Likewise, in PPL-1 group (propranolol 5 mg/kg, i.p. once daily for 10 days), the pressor response of Rv to adrenaline was recovered up to the level of sham group. Thus, it is suggested that decreases in Ra and Rv in association with increases in MBF and CP may have a close relevance to the increased SPP, and the changes in circulatory hemodynamics and vascular reactivities were effectively reversed by longterm propranolol treatment. Based on these results, it is concluded that these changes observed in portal hypertension are closely related with the altered functions of the adrenoceptors in the splanchnic vascular beds.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1987

To elucidate the mechanism of splanchnic hyperemia associated with chronic portal hypertension, we have investigated the alteration in visceral reflexes in conjuction with circulatory hemodynamics in portal ligated portal hypertension in cats. When capsaicin, bradykinin and vasopressin were injected via splenic artery of sham cat, respectively, they caused not only reflex excitation of systemic arterial pressure, but also elevation of splenic venous pressure with unchanged heart rates. Simultaneously, they evoked the sympathetic efferent excitation of liver (spleno-hepatic reflex) as well as of spleen (spleno-splenic reflex). Similarly, capsaicin upon pledging on the liver surface evoked a significant increase in the pressor reflex with hepatic nerve excitation (hepato-hepatic reflex). After portal ligation, the splenic venous pressure was gradually elevated in association with decrease in systemic arterial pressure. However, the excitation of pressor reflex was enhanced on the and day, thereafter, being returned to the control, and the reflexly induced spleno-splenic, spleno-hepatic and hepato-hepatic sympathetic excitations were significantly diminished on the 8th day following portal vein ligation. In conclusion, it is suggested that sympathetic reflexes to spleen and liver are specifically intervened by the same central pathways and furthermore, the diminution of these viscero-visceral reflex excitations after portal ligation may be related to the intestinal hyperemia.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 1995

To predict preoperatively the safety of permanent occlusion of an internal carotid artery with $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO brain single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) from an objective point of view, Twenty-four patients underwent balloon test occlusion (BTO) of the internal carotid arteries because of neck and skull base tumors. The authors assessed the uptake of both middle cerebral artery territories before and during BTO with $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO brain SPECT using semiquantitative analysis method and compared the results with other factors(neurologic examination, arterial stump pressure and electroenceph-alogram). Nineteen patients had not experienced neurological deteriorating or any problem during BTO. Their comparative uptakes of the middle cerebral artery territories were 95 to 101% of the pre-BTO state. The remaining five patients showed severe neurologic symptoms such as transient hemiplegia and unconsciousness. Their comparative uptake of the middle cerebral artery territories were 77 to 85% of the pre-BTO state, and were well matched with other factors. $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO brain SPECT before and during BTO seems to be a simple and objective method for prediction of permanent neurologic deficits when the comparative uptake of middle cerebral artery territories during BTO is lower than 85% of that before BTO.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2012

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is associated with the variety of disorders of myocardial function. The effect, however, of myocardial infarction (MI) on ANP has not been fully described. Thus, this study investigated the effect of experimental MI, induced by left coronary artery ligation, on ANP secretion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 60 d underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce MI and were compared with a group that underwent a sham operation. Rats of sham operation had a similar procedure without having the suture tightened around the coronary artery. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 h or 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 30 d after the procedure. MI size was assessed by planimetry and perimetry, and plasma ANP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Mean infarct size was 39.6-44.5% of the left ventricle after coronary occlusion in experimental groups. No significant differences were observed in infarct size among groups. In contrast, the concentration of plasma ANP was significantly higher at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after left coronary artery ligation than in sham animals. This parameter, however, did not differ significantly at 3, 5, 7, 14, and 30 d after ligation compared with sham-ligated controls. These results demonstrate that plasma ANP levels are markedly increased in the early phase of MI in the male rat and can be a useful biomarker for diagnosis in acute MI.