• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.246-249
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• 1994

Shelf-life of pork packaged under $CO_{2}$ was observed and the optimal volume of $CO_{2}$ gas was determined. High gas barrier film, EVOH($CO_{2}$ permiability; 1 $cc/cm^{2}{\cdot}24\;h{\cdot}atm$) was used as packaging material and the volume ratios of sample to $CO_{2}$ of 1 : 1, 1 : 3 and 1 : 5 were tried using the control of vacuum packaged pork. To ev.3luate quality of pork cuts, total plate counts, TBA, color and sensory score were monitored during the storage at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 31 days. TPC of vacuum packaged pork increased up to $4.6{\times}10^{6}\;CFU/cm^{2}$ in 24 days while that of $CO_{2}$ gas packaged pork $4.5{\times}10^{5}\;CFU/cm^{2}$ at the same storage period, and it took 7 days more for gas packaged pork to reach the same TPC count. There was no significant difference in TBA value between vacuum packaged and gas packaged pork. In the color L and a values were not affected by treatment but vacuum packaged pork cuts showed higher b value than gas packaged pork. According to sensory evaluation, gas packaged pork showed less off flavor, better flavor and freshness than vacuum packaged one (P<0.05).

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2011

The aim of this research is to see if there are any relationships between reading disposition, career attitude maturity and self-leading learning trait among gifted and general elementary school students. The research results show that: in reading disposition, gifted students showed higher result compared to the general students at reading interest and reading experience, but were not different in reading environment. Also, gifted students showed higher results in career attitude maturity in determination, purposes, assurance, but were not different in readiness and independence. Additionally, gifted students showed higher results at self-directed learning in 8 sub-categories, which are openness to learning, self notion, taking-initiative ability, responsibility, learning zeal, future-oriented self-knowledge, creativity, and self assessment. In addition, the research indicates that career attitude maturity is correlated with reading interest, reading experience and reading environment. Also, self-leading learning is correlated with reading interest, reading experience and reading environment. On the basis of this research, the following are suggested. The research was conducted for elementary school students in 4th~6th grades. Hence, the research needs to be extended to middle school and high school students. And, in order to guide students' careers and improve students' self-leading learning ability, those results need to be applied to real educational situations. In addition, research need to be done to find out what kind of books have more effect on career attitude maturity and self-directed learning trait.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 2019

The expansion of double-income households is increasing the social interest in child care. In particular, children's entrance into elementary school is considered to be the main cause of women's career break as well as childbirth. This study proposes an optimal location selection method for caring facilities for elementary school students. As a candidate for care facilities, we selected existing child care facilities. We proposed a dual structure evaluation method that considers locational characteristics as well as mathematical optimization when selecting the optimal location. The experiment was conducted in Songpa-gu, Seoul. A total of 36 optimal locations were selected from a total of 258 candidate facilities. First, the evaluation criteria were established using public data, and the primary candidate facilities were selected by ranking the location scores. At this time mesh resampling method was used to integrate various public data into one. Next, the final care facilities were selected using the p-median method. The results chosen are not only the optimal location considering total distance but also satisfy various location criteria considering the characteristics of the care facility. We expect that the proposed method will contribute to public data convergence or utilization and it will be helpful for policy decision when selecting the optimal location for public facilities.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.58-77
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• 2007

An evaluation system of teaching is one of authentic assessment tools for improving the quality of higher education. The purpose of this study is to cultivate the class evaluation system in the college of engineering based on the empirical analysis of the results of the class evaluation. Especially, this study investigates the validity evidence using the confirmatory factor analysis of the class evaluation. The data used in this study were acquired from 49,127 student's evaluation responses of 471 courses offered in colleges of natural science and engineering at a university in Korea. The reliabilities are quite good for every construct by producing an index value from 0.92 to 0.98. The results provides a guideline for an appropriate measurement model to report the information, to clarify quality and appropriateness of instrument items, to make recommendations for which items should be left or merged in the revised instrument. A special suggestion for improving student's evaluation of each course is to prepare a well-designed instruction for students explaining why and how to evaluate the course in order to produce reliable and valid results.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.573-581
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• 1987

The fish meat paste products are rapidly growing in its production. However, the recent prohibition of AF-2 gives a lot of difficulties in the marketing of fish meat paste products manufactured ty the conventional procedures. The present study aims to obtain the optimal conditions for retaining tile quality of the fish meat paste products with long shelf-life on the market. The fried fish meat paste was sealed in the retort pouches and sterilized under the conditions which the Fo value designated to 6. The effects of the sterilization temperature and the diameter of the products on the quality factors such as jelly strength, water holding capacity, texture and in vitro protein digestibility were investigated. The jelly strength and hardness increased as the sterilization temperature increased. On the other hand, there were no differences found in water holding capacity and elasticity. Of the samples, product with diameter of 12mm showed the highest values of jelly strength, hardness, L values and in vitro protein digestibility which sterilized at $124^{\circ}C$. However. tile results of the organoleptic tests showed rather score in the products with diameter of 16 mm than 12 mm which were sterilized at $124^{\circ}C $. From the results described above, it was concluded that the fried fish meat paste products with 16 mm or less in a diameter which were sterilized at higher temperature could keep high quality.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2012

This study proposes an approach to improve the accuracy of land assessment result focused on the Land Suitability Assessment. The detailed analysis processes are; (a) that they are analyzed considering resistance in distance measurement on the space characteristics of location, and; (b) that an assessment result is measured according to the threshold definition of membership function, which is applied in estimating conservation suitability. The assessment results are; firstly, the method considering resistance better reflects the local characteristics of area with worse accessibility including rivers and mountains than one by linear distance; secondly, the existing method that the maximum value of a target area is defined as the maximum threshold may draw a value evaluated lower than a threshold definition considering the distribution of measured indices. Finally, satellite images are overlapped with the assessed results, the applicability level from the approach proposed by this study is more coincident with the present status. The assessment method proposed by this study can be meaningful in view of that it improves the accuracy of Land Suitability Assessment. Furthermore, it can be applied as SDSS, which can support effective establishment of urban policies, in case of complementing the problems in executing the assessment system.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.435-447
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• 2013

This study aims to propose basic data for improvements that can actively respond to climate change in the Green Building Certifications that came into effect in March 2013, including the analysis of evaluation criteria and applications. In response to climate change, Green Building Certifications in developed countries such as BREEAM(UK), LEED(USA), DGNB(Germany), and CASBEE(Japan), have been extended to the neighborhood unit or city levels, i.e., BREEAM Communities, LEED Neighborhood Development, DGNB Stadtquartiere, CASBEE Urban Development. On the other hand, for the Green Building Certifications in Korea, some criteria such as indoor environment and energy have been given more emphasis than others such as external environment(land use, traffic, ecological environment). In addition, results from the analysis of the evaluation scores on the external environment of 79 housing complexes show that the score on the indoor environment and energy determines the evaluation grade, whereas the score on the external environment is less weighted and has less impact. Therefore, the new evaluation system for the Green Building Certifications responding to climate change should be extended from building level to urban district levels.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.180-192
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• 2018

Purpose: This study is aimed to identify the ethical issues and needs for ethical education of nurses in long-term care hospitals. Methods: Data were collected in 2015. Participants were 142 nurses working in nine long-term care hospitals. The Ethical Issues in Clinical Practice Tool was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS WIN 24.0. Results: The degree of experienced ethical issues was 1.23 out of 3, and 'Providing care with a possible risk to your health' was an ethical problem most frequently experienced in nurses. In addition, the ethical problem that the nurse most disturb was identified by 'Determining when death occurs'. The degree of needs for ethical education was 3.11 out of 4, and the highest ethical topic was 'Legal/ethical issues in the use of restraints'. Ethical issues and needs for ethical education were not statistically significant differences according to the characteristic of participants. Conclusion: In this study, we identified the ethical problems and necessity of ethics education experienced by nurses working in long-term care hospitals. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the development of customized ethical education contents for nurses in long-term care hospitals.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 2001

필기 단어 인식 방법에는 낱자별 분할 및 낱자 단위 인식을 통해 인식하는 방법과 단어 사전을 이용하여 단어와 영상을 직접 비교하는 방법이 있다. 이 중 후자는 인식 대상이 되는 단어들이 작은 수의 어휘로 제한되었을 대 매우 효과적이다. 본 논문에서는 입력 영상이 주어졌을 때 자모를 순차적으로 탐색하고 그 결과의 최적 조합을 찾아 인식하는 사전을 이용한 필기 한글 단어 인식 방법을 제안한다. 입력 영상은 사전의 각 단어와의 매칭을 통해 인식된다. 단어는 필기 순서로 정렬된 자모열로 표현하고 입력 영상은 획들의 집합으로 표현한다. 단어의 자모들은 입력 영상으로부터 추출된 획들의 집합으로부터 단계적으로 탐색된다. 각 단계에서는 전 단계까지의 매칭 상태와 탐색하려는 자모의 형태로부터 자모가 존재할 것이라고 기대되는 정합 기대 영역을 설정한 후 그 안에서 자모 탐색기를 이용해 자모를 찾는다. 자모 탐색기는 획들의 집합으로 이루어진 복수의 자모 후보와 그 점수를 출력한다. 각 단계마다 생성된 자모 후보들은 최적의 단어 매칭을 찾기 위한 탐색 공간을 이룬다. 본 연구에서는 단어 사전을 trie로 구성하고, 탐색 과정에서 dynamic programming을 이용하여 효과적으로 탐색을 수행하였다. 또한 인식 속도를 향상시키기 위해 산전 축소, 탐색 공간 축소 등 다양한 지식을 이용하였다. 제안하는 방법은 무제약으로 쓰여진 필기 단어도 인식 할 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 동적 사전을 이용하기 때문에 사전의 내용이 변하는 환경에서도 적용할 수 있다. 인식 실험에서는 39개의 단어로 이루어진 사전에 대하여 613개의 단어 영상에 대해 실험한 결과 98.54%의 높은 인식률을 보임으로써 제안하는 방법이 매우 효과적임을 확인하였다. 아니라 곰팡이 균주도 실제 praxis에 적합하게 개발시킬수 있다. 따라서 앞으로 발효육제품제조에 있어 starter culture가 갖는 의미는 매우 중요하며 특히 짧은 숙성기간을 거치는 발효소시지의 제조에 있어서는 필수불가결한 공정의 한 분야로 자리잡게 될 것이다.큰 차이 없었으나 이중포장과 진공포장은 상당히 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.로는 18%에 비하여 22%가 더 적합한 것으로 생각되었다.$0.15{\sim}0.35%$이었다.irc}C$에서 $13.49{\times}10^{-3}$이었다. 이 값들을 Arrhenius식에 대입하여 구한 활성화 에너지는 24.795 kJ/Kmol이었다. 이 값으로부터 결정한 살균 포장약주 명가의 상용 저장 수명은 $10^{\circ}C$에서 2년, $20^{\circ}C$에서 1년 4개월, $25^{\circ}C$에서 1년 2개월 이었다. 서울의 매월 평균 온도를 기준으로 계산할 때 본제품의 상용저장기간은 1년 8개월이었다.로 반죽이 호화되고 가열시간이 그 이상으로 증가할 때도 반죽의 호화가 약간은 진행되지만 $90^{\circ}C$ 이상의 가열온도에서는 가열시간 0.5분 이내에 반죽의 호화가 급속히 일어나고 가열 시간을 증가시켜도 더이상의 호화는 일어나지 않았다. 같은 조건에서는 waxy corn starch 반죽의 호화 속도가 corn starch보다 더 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 대표적으로 52% 수분함량에서 반응속도상수(k)와 가열온도(T)사이의 관계식은 corn starch의 경우 $logk=11.1140-4.1226{\times}10^3(1/T)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.458-465
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• 2011

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize substrate conditions of ribose and hydrolyzed wheat gluten solution for Maillard reaction. Independent variables were NaCl concentration of hydrolyzed wheat gluten ($X_1$), concentration of ribose ($X_2$) and concentration of hydrolyzed wheat gluten ($X_3$), while the dependent variables of the central composite design (CCD) were browning index (absorbance 420 nm), DPPH radical scavenging activity (DF) and sensory preference (score). Optimum substrate conditions at $140^{\circ}C$, 30 min reaction were 3% NaCl concentration of hydrolyzed wheat gluten, 6.2% concentration of ribose and 13.27% concentration of hydrolyzed wheat gluten. The coefficients of determination ($R^2$) were 0.975, 0.960 and 0.854, the model fit was very significant (p<0.001). DPPH radical scavenging activities and sensory preferences were predicted as 700 (DF) and 8.42 (score), respectively. The model solution increased more browning and DPPH radical scavenging activities with increasing ribose and hydrolyzed wheat gluten concentration. Especially hydrolyzed wheat gluten concentration was the most influential factor, while NaCl concentration of hydrolyzed wheat gluten hardly affected the responses. Sensory preference was increased with rising wheat gluten concentration and decreasing NaCl concentration of hydrolyzed wheat gluten.