• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5A
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• pp.399-406
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• 2010

In this paper, the optimization of frictional bearings that applied to improve the seismic performance of conventional bridges were conducted. The nonlinear dynamic analysis of steel bridges and concrete bridges are carried out with the El Centro and artificial earthquake motions, and the reponses of the bridges were optimized by genetic algorithm. The object functions were considered with two parameters, such as shear forces and displacements at bearing, and the optimum object functions were searched by varying the weighting factors of the two parameters. As results, in case of the steel bridges, the optimum results were obtained when larger weight factor was imposed to the shear force. However, in case of concrete bridges, larger weight factor was need to the displacement for optimum results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.440-446
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• 2010

This paper was investigated on the laminated rubber bearing, which mitigates damages of bridges from threat of earthquakes. Laminated rubber bearing can bear large loads for long periods of time and be capable of large deformations during an earthquake. To evaluate seismic isolation with laminated rubber bearing on several earthquake waves, we performed a shaking table test. In this test, deck acceleration was measured by accelerometers and shear force on piers was surveyed by load cells. Furthermore, seismic capacity of isolated systems with laminated rubber bearing was compared with non-isolated systems through shaking table test. The results show that deck acceleration and shear force were relatively reduced by laminated rubber bearing.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2008

One of the most recent base-isolation systems to improve the earthquake resistance of structures is the Friction Pendulum System(FPS). Simple in design but with versatile properties, the FPS has been used in some of the world s largest seismically isolated buildings, bridges and chemical tanks. FPS using PTFE(Polytetrafl-uoroethylene) based material has been developed to provide a simple and effective way for structures to achieve earthquake resistance. PTFE materials are soft, and are apt to become deformed easily after a few working cycles. In this study, magnetic force is used rather than the usual PTFE materials to improve the material shortcomings. A MF-FPS(Magnetic force-Friction Pendulum System) is proposed, and us shown to effectively protect structures against earthquakes. To demonstrate the advantages of this new system, the MF-FPS is compared with FPS as an attempt to prove its performance. A six-degree-of-freedom model is considered as a numerical example. The ground acceleration data of El Centro, Mexico and Gebze earthquakes are used as seismic excitations. The results showed that MF-FPS improved performance compared with FPS.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.344-351
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• 2003

In order to consider the characteristics of nonlinear dynamic responses of seismic isolated bridges reasonably, piers and isolators are modeled as a 2-DOF bilinear system. Then nonlinear time-history earthquake response analysis is accomplished many artificial input ground motions which were generated to reflect the characteristics of earthquakes. Damage probabilities and failure probabilities of each structural elements of the brides are calculated by using Monte-Carlo simulation method. Based on LCC evaluation considering various cost items of direct/indirect damage costs, the optimal design method of seismic isolated bridges is proposed. By using a sensitivity analysis about the design variables and a cost effectiveness evaluation in the viewpoint of LCC, the validity and the adequacy of proposed optimal design method are verified.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.4A
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• pp.303-309
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• 2011

Laminated rubber bearing is the most commonly used device for seismic base isolation of bridge structures. It is important to know performance and behavior characteristics of the laminated rubber bearings. The main evaluation factors of the rubber bearing are classified as compressive, shear and tensile behavior characteristics. The reference data of compressive and shear characteristics are rich, but the reference data of tensile characteristics is scarce. In this study, tensile test results of the rubber bearing with variation of shape factor and shear deformation are investigated for mechanical property. When tensile deformation in normal condition is increasing, tensile cycle behavior curve becomes non-linear and tensile breaking point is 300%. On the other hand, tensile breaking point is shear deformation condition is about 40%. Furthermore, when shape factor is lower, tensile breaking point is decrease. This results mean that tensile breaking point is decreased in triaxial tensile deformation because of cracks caused by internal void of the rubber bearings. This experimental data can be used as the reference data of tensile characteristics for designing seismic isolation of structures.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.310-317
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• 2016

Lithium ion secondary battery (LISB) is an energy conversion system operated via charging-discharging cycle based on Lithium ion migration. LISB has a lot of advantages such as high energy density, low self-discharge rate, and a relatively high lifetime. Recently, increasing demands of electric vehicles have been encouraging the development of LISB with high capacity. Unfortunately, it causes some critical safety issues. It includes dendrite formation on negative electrode, resulting in electric shortage problems and battery explosion. Also, the elevated temperatures occurred during the LISB operation induces thermal shrinkage of polyolefin (e.g., polyethylene and polypropylene) separators. Consequently, the low thermal stability leads to decay of LISB performances and the reduction of lifetime. In this study, sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) random copolymers were used as key materials to prepare polyolefin pore-filling separator. The resulting separators were evaluated in the term of metal ion chelation capability associated with dendrite formation, $Li^+$ ion conductivity and thermal durability.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

This paper proposes an optimal design method for the nonlinear seismic isolated bridge. The probabilities of failure at the pier and the seismic isolator are considered as objective functions for optimal design, and a multi-objective optimization technique is employed to efficiently explore a set of multiple solutions optimizing mutually-conflicting objective functions at the same time. In addition, a stochastic linearization method is incorporated into the multi-objective optimization framework in order to effectively estimate the stochastic responses of the bridge without performing numerous nonlinear time history analyses during the optimization process. As a numerical example to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method, the Nam-Han river bridge is taken into account, and the proposed method and the existing life-cycle-cost based design method are both applied for the purpose of comparing their seismic performances. The comparative results demonstrate that the proposed method not only shows better seismic performance but also is more economical than the existing cost-based design method. The proposed method is also proven to guarantee improved performance under variations in seismic intensity, in bandwidth and in the predominant frequency of the seismic event.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.703-708
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• 2020

As the risk of earthquakes increases recently, earthquake-resistant designs were getting interest. For this reason, this study applies that Friction pendulum-type seismic isolator is a device that attenuates seismic energy by friction and pendulum motion. The friction pendulum-type seismic isolator of this study is very easy to transport, install and maintain with light weight of metal by applying the slider using high strength engineering plastic. In addition, there is an advantage that the corrosion resistance is very excellent compared to the existing metal parts. However, there is concern about long-term durability by replacing metal materials. In this study, the frictional pendulum-type seismic isolator with EP was applied to compressive-shear test, repeated fatigue test, and ultimate load test after fatigue test, and analyzed the deformation and shear or properties after the test. As the results, the adequacy of long term fatigue durability was experimentally proven.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.330-330
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• 2010

하나로 노심에서 발생하는 열중성자를 감속재인 액체수소층을 통과시켜 냉중성자를 생산 하는 설비인 냉중성자원 시설은 초경량 합금, 신소재 및 DNA 구조연구 등의 첨단기술연구에 유용한 도구로 활용될 계획이며, 현재 원자력연구원에서는 냉중성자원 시설을 개발하여 제작 설치하였고, 이 장치들에 대해 기능시험을 수행하였다. 냉중성자원 시설계통에서 가스블랭킷계통은 수소의 외부누출을 방지하고, 진공용기를 포함한 수조내기기 내부로 공기 및 경수가 유입되지 않도록 하여 냉중성자원을 보호하기 위한 역할을 수행한다. 또한 가스블랭킷계통의 구성은 가스공급장치($N_2$ 및 He 가스 실린더로부터 가스공급 기능), 질소충압탱크, 진공박스, 수소박스, 밸브박스 및 각 구역별 독립 배관 등으로 되어있다. 이동식 진공배기장치는 가스블랭킷계통에서 사용하기 위해 특수하게 제작된 장치로서 진공계통과 수소계통의 초기충진 시 또는 계통배기 시 잔류가스를 제거하거나, 블랭킷가스의 오염검사를 위한 시료채취 기능 등을 수행할 수 있도록 되어있다. 본 논문에서는 냉중성자원장치 내의 수소계통 및 진공계통의 배관과 기기를 외기와 경수로부터 안전하게 격리시키기 위해서 제작설치 적용된 가스블랭킷계통에서 이동식 진공배기장치를 이용하여 잔류가스 제거방법과 각 가스블랭킷 영역으로부터 시료를 채취하여 수행된 산소농도 분석에 대해 기술하였다.

• Nuclear industry
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• no.6
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• pp.20-22
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• 1979

본문은, 일본의 통산성${\cdot}$에너지청이 4월 24일 일본의 원발20기에 대해서 행한 안전총점검의 중간보고를 요약한 것이다. 여기서, 보수관리상황을 점검한 주요설비는 다음과 같다. (1) 보조급수계 (2) 가압기방출 Valve (3) 비상용노심냉각장치 1) 고압주입계 2) 축압 Tank 3) 저압주입계 4) 격납용기내부 Spray계 5) 격납용기격리변 6) 비상용전원 등이며 주로 기동전 확인과 일상점검에 중점을 두었던 것이다.