• Title/Summary/Keyword: 게인 마진

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정가제 20년 철옹성 과연 허물어지는가

  • Choe, Tae-Won
    • The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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    • s.154
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    • pp.4-5
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    • 1994
  • 거의 유일하게 정가제가 지켜가는 단행본시장에서 마진율 경쟁이 심화, "정가제 붕괴설"이 나돌고 있다. '나까마'로 불리는 중간상인에 의해 베스트셀러급의 책도 할인가격으로 유통되고 있다. 출판사와 서점의 마진율경쟁, 그리고 왜곡된 유통체계가 책값의 정가제를 흔들고 있는 것이다. 게다가 출판시장이 개방되면 할인을 최후수단으로 삼겠다는 서점인도 많다.

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A Study on Buzz Margin and Thrust Control of Supersonic Engine using PI Controller (PI 제어기를 이용한 초음속 엔진 버즈마진 및 추력제어에 관한 연구)

  • Kong, Chang-Duk;Ki, Ja-Young;Kho, Seong-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 2009.11a
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    • pp.573-577
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    • 2009
  • Dynamic behavior simulation of supersonic engine was performed and PI control algorithm was studied for the buzz control in the inlet and the thrust control. Firstly, required thrust was tracked according to the fuel flow control and then inlet pressure was regulated through the nozzle throat area control so that the buzz margin has the positive all the time. The control was performed according to the change of flight Mach number, altitude and angle of attack. The proportional gain and the integral gain for regulating the buzz margin was induced and simulated. In the results, it was confirmed and satisfied that control target in the operating area was changed the angle of attack from $0^{\circ}$ to $10^{\circ}$ at the flight Mach number of 2.1~3.0.

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Design of 3-phase Indirect Current Controller for Seamless Transfer of Grid-Connected Inverter (계통 연계형 PCS의 Seamless Transfer를 위한 3상 간접전류제어기 설계)

  • Yoon, Sunjae;Kim, Youngwoo;Choi, Sewan
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2010.11a
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    • pp.66-67
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    • 2010
  • 마이크로그리드 또는 발전용 연료전지 시스템과 같이 계통 이상 시 독립운전으로의 모드전환이 필요한 응용에서 과도현상을 최소화하는 Seamless Transfer 기술이 필수적이다. 모드전환 시 전압제어를 유지함으로서 이러한 과도상태를 최소화할 수 있는 간접전류제어 알고리즘이 제안된 바 있다. 그러나 제어기 모델에 의한 해석이 불가능하므로 제어 파라미터 설정이 어려운 단점이 있었다. 본 논문에서는 인버터의 모델을 고려하여 제어기를 해석함으로서 원하는 제어대역폭과 위상마진을 갖는 제어기의 게인 설정을 가능하게 하였다.

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세기조절방사선치료 조사면의 최소 조각 크기에 대한 치료중 표적 움직임의 효과

  • 서예린;이병용;안승도;이상욱;김종훈;신성수;신승애;최은경
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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    • 2003.09a
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    • pp.37-37
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    • 2003
  • 목적 : 일반적으로 세기조절방사선치료 조사면의 작은 조각 크기에 대해, 이상적인 플루언스 지도 혹은 치료계획장치로부터의 최적화된 결과에 가까운 선량분포에서 더 좋은 leaf sequence를 얻을 수 있다. 한편, 치료중 장기의 움직임이 가장 작은 조각 크기의 선택을 방해하는 문제는 항상 존재한다. 게다가, 전통적인 정지 조사면과 달리 표적이 움직이는 동안 조사면 자체도 움직이므로 움직이는 표적에 대한 세기조절방사선치료의 경우에서 적절한 표적 마진에 관한 질문이 제기되어왔다. 따라서, 이 연구에서는 조각 크기에 대한 치료중 표적 움직임의 효과를 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 세기조절방사선치료 플루언스 지도에 대해, 다양한 크기 - 0.5$\times$0.5, 1.0$\times$1.0, $1.5\times$1.5, 2.0$\times$2.0, 3.0$\times$3.0, 4.0$\times$4.0, 5.0$\times$5.0 $ extrm{cm}^2$ - 의 정사각형 패턴들을 설계하였고, Leaf sequence 는 step-and-shoot 빔 전달 방법을 이용하였다. 인접 조각들 사이의 세기 비율은 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0로 하였고, 표적 움직임은 범위가 0.5-2.0 cm인 사인곡선 형태로 가정하였다. 움직임 묘사를 위해 동적 leaf 의 움직임이 표적의 움직임 을 반영하도록 계산되었고 움직임의 효과를 분석하기 위해 필름선량측정을 수행하였다. 결과 : 인접 조각의 세기 비율은 모든 경우에서 저하되었고, 호흡 진폭의 반보다 작은 조각 크기에 대한 선량분포는 임상적으로 유의할만큼 저하된 세기 지도를 보였다. 조각에 대해 방사선 조사시간의 두 호흡주기이상에 대해서는, 표적 마진 주위의 선량분포가 통상적인 정지 조사면에서와 같았다. 결론 : 플루언스 지도에서 세기조절방사선치료 조각의 최소 크기는 치료중 장기 움직임을 고려한 후 선택되어야 한다. 조각에 대한 방사선 조사시간의 두 호흡주기이상에 대해서는, 표적 마진을 기존의 정지 조사면과 같게 정의할 수 있었다.

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Design of Moving Coil Type Optical Pickup Actuator for Flexible Disk (유연디스크용 가동 코일형 광 픽업 엑추에이터 개발)

  • Kim, Yoon-Ki;Song, Myeong-Gyu;Lee, Dong-Ju;Park, No-Cheol;Park, Young-Pil
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2006.11a
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    • pp.479-483
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    • 2006
  • As high-definition television(HDTV) broadcasting were generalized, there have been many researches and developments about large storage capacity and fast data transfer rate in optical disk drives(ODD). Pickup actuators must have high flexible mode frequencies and gain margins. Flexible modes are caused by the flexibility of moving parts in the actuator and a servo bandwidth is limited by them. As a result, the system becomes unstable for high-speed operations in high density reading and recording. In this paper, we suggest improved modeling method that considers the bonding layer. And, flexible mode frequency of actuator is improved by Design of Experiment of lens holder. Magnet circuit is designed considering the relation with moving part. Through improving yoke design, the magnetic flux is changed and DC tilt is reduced. Consequently, we designed actuator which has high flexible mode frequency and gain margins.

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Design of Moving Coil Type Optical Pickup Actuator for Flexible Disk System (유연디스크용 가동 코일형 광 픽업 엑추에이터 개발)

  • Kim, Yoon-Ki;Song, Myeong-Gyu;Lee, Dong-Ju;Yoo, Jeong-Hoon;Park, No-Cheol;Park, Young-Pil
    • Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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    • v.2 no.4
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    • pp.240-244
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    • 2006
  • As high-definition television(HDTV) broadcasting becoming more generalized, there have been many researches and developments about a large storage capacity and a fast data transfer rate in optical disk drives (ODD). Pickup actuators must have high flexible mode frequencies and large gain margins. Flexible modes are caused by the flexibility of moving parts in the actuator and a servo bandwidth is limited by them. As a result, the system becomes unstable for high-speed operations in high density reading and recording. In this paper, we suggest improved modeling method in considering of the bonding layer. And, the flexible mode frequency of actuator is improved by Design of Experiments of lens holder. The Magnet circuit is designed considering the relation with the moving part. Through improving the yoke design, the magnetic flux is changed and the DC tilt is reduced. Consequently, we designed an actuator which has a high flexible mode frequency and a large gain margins.

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Development of High Sensitivity Actuator for Flexible Disk (유연 디스크를 위한 고감도 엑추에이터 개발)

  • Song, Myeong-Gyu;Kim, Choong;Lee, Dong-Joo;Park, No-Cheol;Park, Young-Pil
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.577-580
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    • 2005
  • This paper reports the high sensitivity actuator for flexible disk. The air stabilized flexible optical disk has very small axial runout. Therefore, It is proper to develop an actuator which has high sensitivity in tracking direction rather than in focusing direction. In order to maximize driving force in radial direction, we present an efficient design of magnetic circuit with simple multi-polarized magnets and auxiliary magnets. Designed magnetic circuit has big force in tracking direction. And we shift 2$^{nd}$ resonance frequency of moving parts Into high frequency band, not causing increase of mass and discord between force and mass centers to secure high sensitivities and sufficient control bandwidth. Finally, experimental results show that designed actuator has superior sensitivity in tracking direction.

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Dynamic characteristics of optical pickup actuator with a newly designed electromagnetic circuit (신 자기회로가 적용된 광픽업 액추에이터의 동특성)

  • Park, Kwan-Woo;Kim, Jae-Eun;Jung, Jae-Hyun;Lee, Kyung-Taek;Ko, Eui-Seok;Hoon, Min-Byung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.512-514
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, a new electromagnetic circuit is proposed for an optical pickup actuator with high sensitivity. Contrary to those of conventional actuators, the proposed circuit has two focusing coils which are diagonally placed at the front and rear of a moving part. The configuration which makes the effective length of the focusing coil longer and the moving part lighter, is helpful in increasing the sensitivity of the actuator. However, the asymmetry of the moving part by two focusing coils causes flexible node vibrations in quite low frequency range. This paper shows that the design modification of the moving part for the reconfiguration of mass moment of inertia can reduce the mode vibrations.

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