• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.729-733
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• 2005

This study was conducted to sanitize fried-frozen cheese ball by gamma irradiation. Total aerobic bacteria and yeasts and molds counts were 4.4 and 2.8 log CFU/g in non-irradiated sample, respectively. Microorganisms were decreased with increase of irradiation dose $(D_{10}=1.25\;kGy)$, and were not detected in samples irradiated at 3 kGy or more $(<10^2\;CFU/g)$. $D_{10}$ value for Escherichia coli (KCTC 1682) was 0.25 kGy. TBA (2-thiobarbituric acid) values were increased as irradiation dose was increased, but there was no significant difference between non-irradiated and irradiated samples at 3 kGy or less (p<0.05). The results of sensory evaluation showed that there was no significant difference between non-irradiated and irradiated samples at 3 kGy or less, the sensory scores were decreased with irradiation at 5 kGy or more (p<0.05). These results indicated that gamma irradiation at 3 kGy was considered to be an effective treatment to ensure the microbiological safety of fried-frozen cheese balls without any sensorial change, even though further studies should be investigated to reduce detrimental effects induced by irradiation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.372-379
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• 1999

A bacteriological study of sea water and oyster in Tongyeong coastal area was conducted to evaluate sanitary conditions of the bay and compliance of waters with the recommended bacteriological criteria fur the designated area of shellfish cultivation. The Samples were collected at 5 zone, 34 sampling stations(Fig. 1) established once a month from September 1997 to August 1998. During the study period, temperature ranged from 6.9 to 23.6$^{\circ}C$, transparency ranged from 2.6 to 6.2 m, chemical oxygen demand ranged from 1.35 to 1.82 mg/ι, dissolved oxy-gen ranged from 5.0 to 9.9 mg/ι, dissolved nitrogen ranged from 1.60 to 8.17 $\mu\textrm{g}$-at/ι, phosphate ranged from 0.14 to 1.21 $\mu\textrm{g}$-at/ι, Chlorophyll-a ranged from 2.03 to 69.9 mg/㎥, respectively. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of sea water were ranged from <3.0~1,600 and <3.0~540, respectively. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of oysters were ranged from <18~16,000 and <18~2,200, respectively. The viable cell counts in oyster ranged from $1.5\times$10$^2$to 8.2$\times$10$^3$. The coliform stoup, fecal coliform, classification of coliform group with IMViC reactions and pathogenic vibrios were analyzed. 437 strains that were obtained from Tongyeoung coastal area seawater samples represented E. coli group 47.5%, C. freundii group 14.8%, K. aerogenes 10.9%, unknown 26.8%, respectively. During the study period, infectious bacteria such as Vibrio ohoEerae, Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. were not detected from the samples, but detection ratios of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus were 12~21% in summer months.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.429-436
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• 1998

A bacteriological study of sea water and oyster in Charan Bay was conducted to evaluate sanitary conditions of the bay and compliance of waters with the recommended bacteriological criteria for the designated area of shellfish cultivation, The Samples were collected at 23 sampling stations(Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) estaslished once a month from January 1997 to December 1997, During the study period, temperature ranged from 4.7 to $25.6^{\circ}C$, transparency ranged from 3.3 to 6.2m chemical oxygen demand ranged from 1.67 to 2.18 mg/$\ell$, dissolved oxygen demand ranged from 5.4 to 10.0 mg/$\ell$ dissolved nitrogen ranged from 1.65 to 7.88 $\mu$g-at/$\ell$, phosphate ranged from 0.15 to 1.16 $\mu$g-at/$\ell$, Chlorophylla-a ranged from 0.95 to 12.69mg/$\ell$. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of sea water were ranged from <1.8$\~$l,600 and <1.8$\~$540, respectively. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of oysters were ranged from <18$\~$16,000 and <18$\~$1,400, respectively. The viable cell counts in oyster ranged from $1.5\times10^2$ to $7.5\times10^3$. The bacteriological criteria of sea water in shellfish growing area should be less than 70 per 100 ml of sea water for median value of coliform MPN, and below $10\%$ of the samples which contain over than 230 for coliform MPN or over than 43 for fecal coliform MPN. The sea water from 432 samples were complied water coliform criteria recommended for designated shellfish growing area. The coliform group, fecal coliform, classification of coliform group with IMViC reactions and pathogenic vibrios were analyzed. During the study period, infectious bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella sp, and Shigella sp, were not detected from the samples, but detection ratios of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnifirus were $7\~17\%$ in summer months.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.547-556
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• 1998

This study was performed to obtain the basic data on the serum constituents of several marine fish spesies commonly cultured in Korea. Blood samples taken from six species of fish were analyzed for various components of serum, total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TRIG), cholesterol (CHOL), glucose (GLC), lipase (LIPA), amylase (AMYL), aspartate transaminoferase (AST), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (CI) and phosphorus (PHOS). The fish used were coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus) and jack mackerel (Trachurus jaonicus) reared at the Chungmu Experimental Fish Culture Station of KORDI when the water tempetature was ca. 16.5$^{\circ}C$. There were significant differences in TRIG, CHOL, LIPA and AMYZ among the species analyzed. TRIG concentratin were ranged 178~180mg/dl in jack mackeerel and rock fish, 126~159 mg/dl in olive flounder and sea bass, and 102~114 mg/dl in coho salmon and parrot fish, respectively. Jack mackerel showed the highest levels in CHOL (255mg/dl) and GLC(138mg/dl) among species. LIPA levels were recorded 256 U/dl in coho salmon, 41~42 U/dl in parrot fish and rock fisk, and 5~11 U/dl jack mackerel and sea bass, respectively. AMYL activity of coho salmon was measured as 2, 665 U/dl, and that of jack mackerel was 1,210 U/dl while sea bass showed 60 U/dl and parrot fish, olive flounder and rock fish had at most 5 U/dl. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the concentration of Na and CI. Na and K were proved that they were negatively correlated in all the species. Generally, among blood components, PHOS and CHOL levels were different depending on environmental temperature of each fish species, especially in olive flounder. Rock fish and parrot fish showed high blood concentration of those components during low temperature period while olive flounder and jack mackerel reached high level during their optimal environmental temperature period. The electrolyte concentration and LIPA activity were high during low water temperature period, in general, but TP and ALB concentrations were high during optimal temperature period. The concentrations of TRIG, CHOL and GLC, those which were used as energy sourses, were different among species by season.