• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

This is to develop a new way of testing self-esteem by adopting DAP(Draw a Person) test and to make a platform to digitalize it for young people in the adolescent stage. This approach is to get high effectiveness of the self-esteem measurement using DAP test, including some personal inner situations which can be easily missed in the large statistical analysis. The other objective of this study is digitalize to recover limits of DAP test in the subjective rating standard. It is based on the distribution of the figure drawing expressed numerically by the anxiety index of Handler. For these two examinations, we made experiment through 4 stages with second grade middle school 73 students from July 30th to October 31th in 2009 during 4 months. Firstly, we executed 'Self Values Test' for all 73 people, and divided them into two groups; one is high self-esteem group of 36 people, the other is low self-esteem group of 37 people. Secondly, we regrouped them following D (Depression), Pd (Psychopathic Deviate), Sc (Schizophrenia) scales of MMPI; one is high self-esteem group of 7 people, the other is low self-esteem group of 13 people. Thirdly, we conducted DAP test separately for these 20 people. We intended to verify necessity and appropriateness of direction of 'Digitalizing Measurement System' by comparing and analyzing relation between DAP and Self-esteem following evaluation criteria which has similarity in 3 tests, after executing DAP to reflect peculiarity of adolescents sufficiently. We compared and analyzed result abstracted by sampling DAP test of two groups; One is high self-esteem group of 2 people, the other is low self-esteem group of 2 people; to confirm whether we can improve limitation that original psychological testing has by comparing mutual reliance of measurement test. Finally, with DAP test gained from correlations between self-esteem and melancholia following as above-mentioned steps, we discovered possibility of realization to get a concrete and individual criteria of evaluation based on Expert System as a way of enhancing accessibility in quantitative manner. 'Digitalizing Measurement Program' of DAP test suggested in this study promote results' reliability based on existing tests and measurement.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.12-27
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• 1994

Until recently there were arguments on the existence and the definition of childhood depression. In DSM-III(1980) childhood depression was accepted as the formal psychiatric disorder in childhood. As the diagnostic criteria for childhood depression is less clearly defined than those for other psychiatric disorders as well as prominent age-related variations in depression symptomatology, informations from various sources are very important in accurate diagnosis of childhood depression. Present study reviewed various assessment methods such as self-report questionnaires, interviews, behavior rating scales, structured tests and projective techniques with discussion on the merits and limitations of each method. Also several issues on the reliability and the validity of assessment techniques for childhood depression were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.122-134
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop the Anger Response Scale(ARS), and then to use the scale in clinical practice. Methods First, a preliminary survey was conducted for 123 healthy adults to obtain 16 response items. Second, a preliminary questionnaire was completed by 258 healthy subjects. Third, a comparison was made regarding anger responses among 189 patients(59 with anxiety disorder, 72 with depressive disorder and 58 with somatoform disorder) and 258 healthy subjects. Results : Factor analysis yielded 4 subscales : aggression, irritability, avoidance and anger suppression. Reliability was computed by administering the ARS to 53 healthy subjects during a 2-week interval. Test-retest reliability for 4 subscales and the total score was significantly high, ranging between .53-.71. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for 4 subscales ranged between .62-.72, and .76 for the total score. Convergent validity was computed by correlating the 4 subscales and the total score with the total score of Aggression Questionnaire, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, anger and aggression subscale of Stress Response Inventory and hostility subscale of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. The disorder group was significantly higher than normal group in scores of the avoidance and anger suppression subacale. The depressive disorder and somatoform disorder groups scored significantly higher on the avoidance subscale than the normal group. Conclusion : These results indicate that the ARS is highly reliable and valid. In addition, avoidance response is likely to be a characteristic anger response of the depressive disorder and somatoform disorder groups.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sustained attention deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) children and short-term Heart Rate Variability(HRV) parameters. In addition, we evaluate the relationship between The ADHD rating scale(ARS), the computerized ADHD diagnostic system(ADS) and Parenting stress index- short form(PSI-SF). Methods:This study was performed in the department of children and Adolescent psychiatry, Korea university Guro hospital from august 2008 to January 2009. We evaluated HRV parameters by short-term recordings of 5 minutes. K-ARS and ADS are used for screening and identifying ADHD children. Intelligence was measured using Korean educational Developmental Institute-wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The caregivers Complete Parenting Stress Index scale for evaluation parent stress. Results:The low frequency(LF) was significantly correlated with response variability of ADS. However, the other variables of ARS and ADS were not significantly correlated with LF. Hyperactivity subscale of ARS was significantly correlated with parental distress subscale and difficult child subscale of PSI-SF and inattention subscale of ARS was also significantly correlated with dysfunctional interaction and difficult child subscale of PSI-SF. Conclusion:The LF, 0.10-Hz component of HRV is known to measure effort allocation. This study shows that the LF component of HRV is significantly correlated with the response variability of ADS. This means that more severe symptoms of ADHD were correlated with the increase in the LF that means decreased effort allocation. These results also support the clinical usability of HRV in the assessment of ADHD. Furthermore, PSI-SF is correlated with hyperactivity and inattention variables of ARS.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.485-503
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• 2012

Academic engagement has been known as a strong predictor of students' cognitive and affective outcomes in an educational context. Despite increasing interest and theoretical usefulness of this construct, a few researchers seem to be interested in the validation of instruments to measure academic engagement for Korean students. Thus, this study would like to introduce one of academic scales widely used, UWES-S(Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student) (Schaufeli et al., 2002a: 2002b) and to validate the UWES-S for Korean college students. To validate the Korean version of the UWES-S, 651 college students (285 for Field Trial, 366 for Main Study) were used. The procedure is as follows. First, we used an integrated adaptation procedure to produce a Korean version of the UWES-S. Second, EFA(exploratory factor analyses) was applied to explore the factor structure of the UWES-S on the field trial data. Third, the psychometric properties of the UWES-S items were examined by graded response model(GRM). Also CFA(confirmatory factor analysis) was used to examine its internal construct validity for the data from the main study. Finally, the external validity of the UWES-S was scrutinized with the related variables such as academic motivation and satisfaction. As a result, the Korean version of the UWES-S with 13 items was accepted that the four items were excluded from its original version. Second, the internal validity was supported that the 3 factor CFA model(vigor, dedication, absorption) fit the data well. Third, we supported the partial mediation model that academic engagement played as a mediating variable between academic motivation(internal/external) and academic satisfaction. Finally, the differences between a validation of UWES-S for Korean college and high school students, the necessity of construct equivalence testing, and direction for future research of scale validating were discussed.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 1995

Objective : Patients with sleep apnea should be diagnosed with polysomnography(PSG). However, it is not easy to recommend PSG for all patients suspected with sleep apnea in practice. Therefore, we tried to develop the screening test for referral of PSG. Method : 140 patients with snoring and sleep apnea syndrome were studied by the PSG. Sleep apnea questionnaire. Zung's scale for depression. Stanford Sleepiness Scale(SSS), insomnia scale and neuropsychological test were administered. Also, blood pressure, height, weight and neck circumference were measured and some histories were taken. Correlations between respiratory disturbance index(RDI) and various parameters mentioned above and discriminant coefficients of the parameters to RDI were computed. And, we investigated sensitivities of screening tests for selection of the patients with RDI above 20. Results : Using six parameters(neck circumference, systolic blood pressure before sleep, degree of alcohol drinking, frequency of breath-holding during sleep, degree of dry mouth during sleep, sleep apnea score), the patients with RDI above 20 could be discriminated in 92.8% sensitivity. In case of more than two among six parameters(neck circumference of above 40cm, systolic blood pressure of above 125mmHg, frequent alcohol drinking, frequent breath-holding during sleep, frequent dry mouth during sleep, sleep apnea score of above 35), same patients could be discriminated in 87.6% sensitivity. And, in case of more than one among four parameters(neck circumference of above 40cm. systolic blood pressure of above 125mmHg, frequent alcohol drinking, body weight of above 80kg), discrimination sensitivity was 83.5%. Conclusions : Patients with RDI above 20 could be discriminated by above parameters with high sensitivity. Therefore, the screening test using above parameters can be applied in selection of the patients with sleep apnea for PSG in practice.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2006

Autistic children have difficulties in communication. They tend to have more difficulties in general expression than in understanding sentences. This thesis tested the effect of music activities on children who have difficulties in language expression. As a research method, a group of autistic middle school students was selected who were attending normal schools. Three male students were selected for the test of K-ABC and CARS. Music treatments on the selected students were applied fifteen times, twice a week, for thirty minutes every time. The total treatment process could be divided into two stages. The stage one included the first twelve treatments and the stage two included following three treatments. In the stage one, the selected autistic students learned twenty four musics under real-world-like social circumstances. In the stage two, the students repeatedly learned the twenty four musics. A week before beginning the music treatment, the students were tested by PRES and a test developed by the author of this thesis. And a week after all treatments were completed, the students were tested again with the same test method to check if the students' expressive language ability got improved. The results of the research were as the following: First, the music treatment helped improve the autistic student's ability of expressing themselves such as 'requesting', 'rejecting', 'applying social customs' and 'providing information'. Second, the author of this thesis first had a hypothesis that the tested students might show different levels of achievements according to their intellectual ability or expressive language ability in K-ABC test, PRES and CARS. But it was not true. The student's level of achievement by music activities was proved not to have a significant correlation with their intellectual or expressive language abilities in the tests. Third, it was found that, through pre- and post-test of PRES, the music treatments could improve the receptive language ability as well as the expressive language ability. It saw great effect that musical data that utilize in specially this research investigator according to children's ability, autistic children write lyrics setting in social circumstance that is revealed much routinely and composes. To front, expect that suitable a lot of musics are developed in function and ability of subject person for elevation of expressive language ability.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.79-89
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• 2004

Social problems are coming to light due to the dysfunction which is caused by the improvement of ICT and the increasing information with computers and one of these problems is teenagers' computer toxicosis. In order to measure such an toxicosis, test paper that is developed by Kimberly S. Young is typically used. In this study, along with the test paper, localized Korean Internet addiction test (K-index) was used and the study was also made on the basis of such result. With results of sorting the data on the basis of K-index diagnosis criteria, it showed general users were 534 (64.8%), with potential risk users were 229 (27.8%) and high risk users were 61 (7.4%). This study was for the purpose of finding out sufficient and essential conditions ( outer behaviors ) of computer toxicosis for high risk users and searching for preventive measures for them.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4008-4014
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of muscular strength, sensation, and spasticity of the hip joint on balance using clinical tools in chronic stroke patients. Thirty-two subjects participated. It were measured muscular strength of the hip flexor, extensor, abductor, and adductor using manual muscle testing, light touch sensibility, and spasticity of the quadriceps using the modified Ashworth scale in the paretic lower extremity. Also, static and dynamic balance were measured by the functional balance scale. Collected data was analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. Muscular strength of the hip abductor, light touch sensibility, and spasticity were associated with static balance(p<0.05) and explanatory power was 80.5%. Muscular strength of the hip abductor and light touch sensibility were associated with dynamic balance(p<0.05) and explanatory power was 77.9%. Thus, it is suggested that muscular strength of the hip abductor and light touch sensibility is considered when providing evaluation and intervention programs for the future in the balance.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.37
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• pp.295-325
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• 2018

The research was conducted to investigate the effect of drama education on the empathy and prosocial behavior abilities of middle school students. A total of 45 students participated in this study. Data were obtained through the use of the IRI(Interpersonal Reactivity Index) and the prosocial behavior scales. Those scales were administered to the group of students as a pre-test. Then, drama education was provided for 14 weeks for the group. The same scale was applied again to the group as a post test once the drama education was completed. The t-test on the differences between pre- and post test scores was used to analyze the effects of the program. The results showed that drama education had a statistically significant effect on the empathy and prosocial behavior abilities of students in the group. Finally, this study suggested implications for future performance arts education programs.