• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.228-235
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• 2002

Mastitis is the most costly disease results in lost milk production, decreased milk quality, milk discard, early culling of cows, drug costs and labor costs in dairy cow. Until now, a antibiotic administration at the end of lactation, dry cow therapy has been known the most effective and widely used mastitis control method. However, dry cow therapy do not control a new infection in the late dry and prepartum period because dry cow products have only persistent activity in the early dry period. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate clinical effect of sustained released biodegradable cephalexin microsphere using PLGA in bovine mastitis control during dry period. PLGA has been approved as controlled drug release system because of non-toxic, non-tissue reactive and bioerodible characteristics. This study revealed that cephalexin microsphere had a spherical shape with characteristic porous structure on the surface. Also, in vitro drug release studies are clearly observed that the release rate of cephalexin from PLGA microsphere decrease during the first 21 days after initial burst and then increase again between 3 and 4 weeks showing pulsatile releasing pattern. On the other hand, as tried in field the new infection rate, cure rate and mean SCC after parturition in cephalexin microsphere infused group were significantly differenced as compared to the control group. Accordingly, a sustained release of cephalexin from a biodegradable microsphere could make dry cow therapy more efficiently by preventing a new infection and decreasing the number of existing infection of mammary gland during dry period.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.536-539
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• 2012

건유기에서 비유기로의 이행기는 젖소에서 위험률이 높은 시기이고 이 시기에 가장 큰 문제가 될 수 있는 것이 유방염이다. 환경성 세균들이 분만 전후기에 가장 문제가 될 수 있는 병원체이다. 대장균군에 속하는 세균들은 경산우에서 심각한 감염을 일으킬 수 있고, 처녀우의 경우는 coagulase-음성 포도상구균에 감염될 가능성이 높다. 분만 전후기 중에는 호르몬이나 기타 요인들로 인해 젖소들의 면역상태가 다소 억압된다. 성공적인 유방염 방제 프로그램은 건유우, 분만우, 및 처녀우의 관리에 초점을 맞춰야 한다. 청결하고 안락한 환경, 적절한 사료공급, 비타민과 미량 원소가 함유된 적절한 사료의 보충이 유방 건강을 유지하는데 필수적이다. 건유 시작할 때 유두관의 폐쇄를 강화하고 케라틴 마개가 형성될 때까지 유두 끝을 세균으로부터 보호해 줄 전략들을 사용해서 분만 후의 유방염 감염 위험을 감소시켜야 한다. 건유기 치료는 상당히 성공적으로 이용되어 왔지만 전체적으로 실시하기 보다는 선택적으로 치료하는 접근법이 권장된다. 환경성 유방염에 감염될 위험이 높은 우군에서는 항생제 이외의 접근법이 건유기 중의 신감염 예방을 위한 유용한 도구가 될 수 있다.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.159-161
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• 2008

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.21 no.2 s.226
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• pp.132-135
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• 2001

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.423-425
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• 1987

• Feed Journal
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• v.4 no.10 s.38
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• pp.132-137
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• 2006

목장 경영의 성공과 실패에는 여러 가지 요인이 작용하지만 연중 얼마나 적은 소가 도태되는가 하는 것 또한 아주 중요하게 생각해 보아야 할 사항이다. 낙농에 있어 거의 대부분의 질병이 산욕기에 발병하는데 산욕기(産褥期)란 분만으로 인한 상처가 완전히 낫고, 자궁이 평상시 상태가 되며 신체의 각기관이 임신 전의 상태로 회복되기까지의 기간으로 대개 분만 후 6~8주간을 말한다. 산욕기에 주로 발생할 수 있는 다양한 질병(산욕기 부전마비, 난산, 급성유방염, 제4위 전위증 등)들이 조기에 발견되어 적절히 치료되지 못하고 만성화되면서 전해질불균형, 에너지와 단백질의 섭취부족에 의한 영양장애로 허약과 지방간 및 케토시스 등으로 진행되어 결국 도태됨으로서 목장 경영에 있어 막대한 영향을 끼치는 것이다. 이러한 산욕기 질병의 주 원인은 건유기 사양관리에 있다. 건유기간 동안 체점수(BCS)의 변화를 최대한 줄이면서 분만전의 스트레스를 얼마만큼 줄일 수 있도록 관리하는가에 달려있다. 다시말해 분만 전 마지막 한달간에 건유에서 분만으로의 이행과정을 얼마나 매끄럽게 연결 지어주는가에 따라 산욕기 질병의 발생률이 결정되는 것이다. 본 고에서는 건유기 사양관리 소홀로 발생되는 산욕기 부전마비에 관해서 자세히 설명해 보고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.251-258
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• 1992

Liposomal cephalexin was used m the dry period treatment of bovine mastitis due to Staphylococcus aureus. Liposomes were prepared by stable plurilamellar vesicle(SPLV) process. The shape and size of SPLVs were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The entrapping efficiency and stability of SPLVs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography or liquid scintillation counting. The size of SPLVs ranged from 0.1 to $4.01{\mu}m$ in diameter, with an entrapping efficiency of cephalexin of 25.8 %. The formulation of liposomal cephalexin was used for treatment were SPLV-entrapped cephalexin and free cephalexin with total cephalexin concentration of 250mg per quarters. All quarters were infused intramammarily at the end of lactation period by liposomal cephalexin, free cephalexin, or blank liposome with free cephalexin. The number of quarters cured by liposomal cephalexin(14/15 quarters, 93 %) was significantly higher than that by free cephalexin(7/15 quarters, 46%). or by blank liposome with free cephalexin(8/15 quarters, 53 % ) (p<0.05).

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2008

Purpose : In recent years, many countries have adopted newborn screening programs that use tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to screen and the number of diseases screened has also increased. We began screening for inherited metabolic disorders using MS/MS in April, 2001. Our goal was to determine the overall prevalence of metabolic disorders and to assess the effectiveness of newborn screening by MS/MS in Korea. Methods : From April, 2001 to December, 2007, we screened newborns and high risk groups using MS/MS. Acylcarnitines and amino acids were extracted and butylated and were introduced into the inlet of MS/MS. Confirmatory testing including a repeat newborn screening, and urine organic acid and plasma amino acid analysis were performed on a case-by-case basis. Results : The total number of screened subjects 284,933 which comprised 251,799 neonates and 33,134 high risk subjects. The recall rate was 0.4% (1158 tests) and true positive cases were 117 (0.04%). Confirmed metabolic disorders (newborn/high risk group) were as follows; 78 (25/53) amino acid disorders, 27 (16/11) organic acid disorders, and 12 (5/7) fatty acid oxidation disorders. The estimated prevalence of inherited metabolic diseases in newborns was 1:5,000 and that in the total group was 1:2,000. Conclusion : Newborn screening by MS/MS improved the detection of many inherited metabolic disorders. We therefore propose that all newborns be screened by a MS/MS national program and followed-up using a systemic organization strategy.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2010

Ultrasonographic diagnosis and treatment in Orthopaedic fields had been widely used. Sonographic diagnosis and treatment of foot and ankle is convenient because of anatomical characteristics. The knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics in foot and ankle area can help to diagnose and treat the disease around foot and ankle. 28 bone and many tendons, ligaments and muscles are consist of ankle and foot joint and the coordinative relation among these structures can allow the dual function, weight bearing and locomotion of ankle and foot during gait cycle. Foot and ankle have small room for many structures, so systemically physical examination is essential for diagnosis. Accurate understanding of foot and ankle anatomy and biomechanics could be helpful to using ultrasonograph.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.130-140
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• 1990

A field test using Nophazin (drying off period therapeutics) was done from May, 1989 to October, 1989. 299 quarters of 75 cows from 28 herds were tested. The results were summarized as follows. 1. At the day 7 after parturition, CMT-was 81.60%, clots were removed perfectly, removal rate of hard, hot, pain was 99.6%, only one hard 0.35% was maintained. Recovery rate of general symptoms was 100%. 2. Recovery rate in Nophazin treatment was 100% in Micro-coccus SPP, Corynebacterium SPP, and unisolated, 97.06% in Enterobacterid SPP, 95.58% in Staphylococcus SPP, 91.67% in other Bacilli, 89.19% in Streptococcus SPP, Overall recovery rate was 95.32%, And fungi did not react. 3. The ratio of isolated microorganisms was Staphylococcus SPP 49.8%, Streptococcus SPP 16.3%, Enterobacteria SPP 15.0%, Micrococcus SPP 7.9% Corynebacterium SPP 4.4%, Pseudomonas SPP 2.6%, Bacilli 2.6% and Fungi 1.3%. 4. The range of sensitivity of each microorganism to therapeutics is as follow : Staphylococcus SPP 61.1∼94.7%, Streptococcus SPP 51.4∼91.9%, Micrococcus SPP 44.4∼94.4%, Corynebacterium SPP 70∼80%, Enterobacteria SPP 11.8∼88.2%, and other Gram negative bacilli 8.3∼83.3%. Overall sensitivity was in the range of 50.4∼92.0%, Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity (80∼94.7%) to Nophazin. 5. New intramammary infection rate was 3.96% (9 strains) at paturition, 8.37% (19 strains) at the day 7 after paturition. Persistent organism wits 6.17% .(14 strains). 6. There was no side effect of Nophazin treatment.