• 월간 기계설비
• /
• s.284
• /
• pp.65-80
• /
• 2014

지난 2011년 3월에 출범한 제8대 집행부는 정해돈 회장을 비롯한 회원사 모두가 한마음으로 노력한 결과 괄목할 만한 사업성과를 거두었다. 특히 설비건설업계의 오랜 숙원사업인 공공공사 분리발주 확대 법제화를 위해 각고의 노력을 기울인 끝에 국가계약법 시행령이 개정되어 올해 1월 1일부터 시행에 들어간 성과는 1994년 법 제정 이후 20년 만에 일구어낸 아주 값진 성과로 평가되고 있다. 또한 녹색건축물조성지원법 시행령에 '국토부 장관이 5년마다 기계설비 발전정책을 수립하도록 의무화'한 조문 신설로 향후 기계설비 발전계획을 정부 차원에서 수립할 수 있게 되었다. 이와 함께 건설산업 공생발전위원회를 통한 주계약자 공동도급 확대와 저가하도급 심사제도 개선 등 불공정하도급 거래 관행 개선으로 회원사의 경영환경을 크게 개선시켰다. 본지는 2011년 3월부터 2014년 2월까지 제8대 집행부의 사업실적을 점검해 본다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.12 no.2 s.46
• /
• pp.265-279
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to present SCM as an innovative alternative to domestic feed industry, which seems in urgent need of introducing SCM to get competitive advantages. To fulfill the purpose this study tried to find whether the supply services of Korean feed industry are high contact service or low contact service. The results of this study are summarized as follows. It appeared that the functional qualify supply service quality influenced positively not only on customer satisfaction but also on customer loyalty. That is, it is necessary to improve the functional service qualify of supply practices in order to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. But this study showed that the customer satisfaction did not influence the customer loyalty. And technical quality supply service had a positive effect on customer loyalty but it didn't influence customer satisfaction bur customer loyalty. As the results of this study it is identified that the services of supply practices of the Korean feed industry are tend to be high contact services rather than low contact services. Thus, the Korean feeding firms have to plan the supply strategy for converting the supply service from low contact services to high contact services gradually to get competitive advantages.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.389-409
• /
• 2012

The Switched Bill of Lading(SBL) has been in frequent use in recent years as intermediary trade increases with the growing number of companies' overseas subsidiaries. Its frequent use, though, has brought about disputes regarding its illegal issue. Although there are several legal cases regarding this, studies on this issue are hard to find. Therefore, this study tries to provide countermeasures and precautions against unlawful issues of SBL through examining the legal cases resulting from illegal issuing practices of SBL. When the Switched Bill of Lading is issued, the shipper, consignee, port of loading and unloading, and shipping date of the original bill of lading are usually changed. Statements which may put the shipper at a disadvantageous position may also be deleted and/or the bill of lading may be either divided or integrated when it is issued. However, if the carrier issues the SBL 1)without withdrawing original BL, 2)indicating the shipping date, port of loading and port of discharge falsely, or 3)deleting the statements which may give him disadvantages, it may be regarded as an illegal issue. These unlawful issues of SBL may pose a huge threat to the shipper, banks and the parties relating to the trade. That is, the shipper may take a substantial loss when the goods can be delivered to a third party by SBL without his collecting the proceeds. The issuing bank and the negotiating bank may also have their security rights to the goods hampered by the illegal and improper issue of SBL. In most cases, the carrier has no choice but to issue the SBL without collecting the original BL for fear of hurting the relationship with the intermediary traders. This practice of issuing more than two sets of BL may pose a potential risk to the carrier.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.73
• /
• pp.56-91
• /
• 2015

This study examined changes in the independent production environment in the perspectives from flexible specialization of labor and media routines since January 2011, when comprehensive programming television channels (JTBC, MBN, Channel A, TV Chosun) emerged in Korea. In-depth interviews were conducted with thirteen individuals, including producers from independent production companies, broadcast writers, and individuals involved with these TV channels. The interview results indicated that a flexible specialization production system had been established by the comprehensive programming channels. This means that they were heavily dependent on independent producers, except in relations to their own news programs. Moreover, it was identified that the production of diverse programs could be difficult due to absurd contract practices such as those related to TV ratings and performance systems. Second, these channels have implemented some positive changes such as the payment of higher production costs and an incentive system, compared to terrestrial TV stations. However, the incentive system also helps to aggravate internal competition in the channel and also instigate contract competitions among independent companies, which can eventually result in the channels for holding exclusive rights to certain content and, hence, unfair business practices. Third, as a result of the newspaper and broadcast cross-owenership system of the comprehensive programming channels, hierarchical independent production practices can be established under the influence of newspaper proprietors and executives or managers who have previously worked for newspapers. Lastly, as a result of interviews with independent producers and individuals involved with the TV channels concerning the awareness of comprehensive programming channels, it could not be ascertained whether it is difficult to produce programs dealing with diverse items and genres, because programming autonomy has been distorted by capital or the advertisement market. In this circumstance, it is not surprising that some comprehensive programming channels mentioned that they prioritize profit and performance in programming. In conclusion, it is absolutely imperative that complementary and legal measures be implemented institutionally in order to redress the existing systematic dysfunctional routines in the independent productions of the comprehensive programming TV channels in Korea.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.657-670
• /
• 2011

China has gone through rapid economic growth due to transitional economies since 1978. In particular, Chinese transitional economies has led to fundamental changes in firms' activities under the socialist system. Nevertheless, Chinese firms have formed new industrial production organizations and spatial orders by sustaining personal networks based on existing traditional firm practice, which is called 'guanxi'. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to identify the influence of personal networks, guanxi, on the business activities of Chinese firms by investigating the formation of guanxi mechanism. The main characteristics of guanxi represented in inter-firm relations are as follows. First, guanxi has played a role in facilitating inter-firm relations and business activities, because it has an inter-debt relations based on inter-reciprocal relations between firms. Second, Chinese firms has depended on posteriori guanxi rather than inherent guanxi by the internalization of personal networks through 'guanxi communicators'.Third, guanxi between firms and local government in extra-firm relations has been established to minimize risks from unstable legal regulations.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.255-275
• /
• 2013

The purpose of the study is to examine compliance criteria for documents of the Letter of Credit(L/C) by the Korean Supreme Court in practical use. The judgement criteria of the court in documents' examination is supported by the doctrine of strict compliance. And, in examination of documents by the Supreme Court, the difference between documents presented and the credit should be followed by the allowance of international standard banking practices. In this case, the Supreme Court makes a reference for ICC's opinion or decision proposed as the international standard banking practices, or otherwise admit by exploring the practices. However, when documents reviewing by the bankers' auditors, it is very difficult for them to judge in a short time due to the lack of high level of knowledges and insights. As shown the cases of this study, the doctrine of strict compliance of an L/C be relaxed, and most of the recent precedents be ruled by the exception of the doctrine. Because, therefore, it is difficult for to documents reviewers of bank to judge these consistencies, conducting arbitrary document review will be inevitable. As a result, it will be difficult for banks and applicants to ensure the strictness of the documents, and free use of L/Cs in international transactions will be avoided. Finally, the expanded usage of the electronic negotiation system that simplifies the highly difficult compliance criteria to ensure the strictness of documents will be needed, and not only be eradicated the acts of arbitrary documents examination practices, but also be promoted the freely usage of L/Cs.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.205-225
• /
• 2017

The study attempts to verify the case related to the notice of payment refusal by issuing bank regarding discrepancy in transport document under L/C(Letter of Credit) transaction. Considering the high portion of trade between Korea and China, Korean companies and banks in L/C transaction should be careful about many unpredictable situations. The case of this study is that Chinese seller(beneficiary) initiated a civil suit against Industrial Bank of Korea to Chinese court and Chinese courts in the first and second trials judged that the notice of payment refusal by Industrial bank of Korea doesn't satisfy Article 16, (c) (ii) (iii) in UCP 600. However, Industrial Bank of Korea implements the judgement even though the judgement is highly biased to Chinese seller. Considering the judgement by Chinese courts, the study suggests some countermeasures to Korean companies and banks which opened L/C. First, the issuing bank should describe the contents of discrepancy specifically based on Article 16, (c) in UCP 600. Second, it is necessary to insert a clause regarding governing law in the L/C contract like sales contract. Third, considering the biased judgement by Chinese court and difficulty in execution of foreign judgement in China, it is recommended to using arbitration as a method of dispute resolution such as ICLOCA and DOCDEX Rules which are international system operated by international instruments because it has legal effects to parties in L/C contracts if the issuing bank inserts arbitration clause in L/C.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.6-11
• /
• 2001

Distribution status and economic analysis of packed radish in Korean markets(Chunbuk and Kangwon in producing area and Taebaek, Kyunggi, and Cheongyang for comparing tile quality) from November, 1999 to April, 2000 was surveyed. Distribution method and marketing of radish was different by producing areas and shipping methods. Quality of radish in the areas had a great difference, and especially standard deviation of volume of radish of Taebaek was highest. The packaging of radish was almost not, and in case of pack, corrugated paperboard was used as packaging material of outer packages. Non-packed radish in economic analysis was more economic than packed radish.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.119-138
• /
• 1988

현재 우리나라 주류산업(酒類産業)이 안고 있는 문제점(問題點)들은 과다(過多)한 정부규제(政府規制)와 대기업(大企業)의 시장지배현상(市場支配現象)으로 요약될 수 있다. 원료배분(原料配分), 가격규제(價格規制), 제조(製造) 및 판매면허(販賣免許), 지역판매(地域販賣) 등 기업활동(企業活動)의 거의 전분야(全分野)에 걸쳐 각종 규제(規制)가 엄격히 적용되고 있어 자유로운 기업활동(企業活動)을 저해(沮害)하는 장애요인(障碍要因)이 되고 있다. 주류산업(酒類産業)에 대한 또 하나의 문제점(問題點)으로서 대기업(大企業)의 시장지배현상(市場支配現象)은 특히 유통업(流通業)에 대한 대제조사(大製造社)의 거래관행(去來慣行)에서 두드러지게 나타나는바 이는 기본적으로 유통업(流通業)의 규모(規模)가 영세(零細)한 데 기인하는 것으로 판단되며 덤핑행위(行爲) 등 유통질서문란(流通秩序紊亂)의 원인이 되고 있다. 본고(本稿)는 이와 같은 주류제조업(酒類製造業)과 유통업(流通業)의 구조적(構造的) 문제점(問題點)을 동시적(同詩的)으로 고찰(考察)하여 제도적(制度的)인 측면(側面)에서의 해결방안을 모색(摸索)하는 것을 그 목적(目的)으로 하고 있다. 본고(本稿)에서 제시하는 주류산업정책(酒類産業政策)의 개선방향(改善方向)을 요약하면 우선 시의(時宜)에 비추어 불필요(不必要)하거나 과도(過度)한 정부규제(政府規制)를 과감히 완화(緩和)하여 기업들이 장기적(長期的)으로 볼 때 소비자선택(消費者選擇)에 의한 상품경쟁(商品競爭)을 통해 환경변화에 자율적(自律的)으로 적용할 수 있도록 하는 것이 바람직하며 현행(現行)의 세제(稅制)에 대해서도 용기개발 및 재고처리 등에 상존하는 불합리한 세제(稅制) 및 주류별(酒類別) 세율(稅率)을 개선하여 여건변화에 따라 탄력적(彈力的)으로 적용(適用)하는 것이 세수위주(稅收爲主)의 조세행정(租稅行政)을 지양하고 주류산업(酒類産業)의 효율성증진(效率性增進)에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.527-530
• /
• 2007

The construction market has gradually become complexity, variety and specialization, and then owner's requirements about quality has become various. In order to solve the problem such as stated above, advanced constructions in France, United Kingdom, Japan and United States have introduced warranty contract which is warranted to quality and performance for need of owner in determined term to ensure the quality of construction since 1960s. In addition to, domestic constructions have been meeting with international competition because of the open BOT market from FTA. Finally, this study proposed new warranty delivery system model in PFI on considering domestic status by benchmarking the delivery process and the characteristics of the warranty contract which is applied to PFI of global.