• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2010

Today's elementary schools emphasize practice- and learner-based computer courses. In this research, we found solutions to the above issues by adapting a demonstration/practice teaching method led by multiple teaching assistants, expanding lessons tailored to each student's own level. We chose fourth graders from three classes at Elementary School as the subject for this research. Through this research, we have analyzed the students' study results, self-efficacy, response and interest in the computer courses by examining three groups of students: the first group led by a teacher's demonstration and practice, the second group by a teaching assistant's demonstration and practice, and the last by multiple teaching assistants' demonstration and practice. As a result, we were able to show that a computer course taught by multiple teaching assistants will help not only induce an interest and motive for a mutual learning environment among the students, but also bring positive effects on the study results and self-efficacy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.455-462
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• 2017

The magnetic interaction between elliptic Janus magnetic particles are investigated using a direct simulation method. Each particle is a one-to-one mixture of paramagnetic and nonmagnetic materials. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible Newtonian and nonmagnetic. A uniform magnetic field is applied externally in a horizontal direction. A finite-element-based fictitious domain method is employed to solve the magnetic particulate flow in the creeping flow regime. In the magnetic problem, the magnetic field in the entire domain, including the particles and the fluid, is obtained by solving the governing equation for the magnetic potential. Then, the magnetic forces acting on the particles are calculated via a Maxwell stress tensor formulation. In a single particle problem, it is found that the orientation angle at equilibrium is affected by the aspect ratio of the particle. As for the two-particle interaction, the dynamics and the final conformation of the particles are significantly influenced by the aspect ratio, the orientation, and the spatial positions of the particles. For the given positions of the particles, the fluid flow is also influenced by the orientation of each particle. The self-assembly structure of the particles is not a fixed one, but it varies with the above-mentioned factors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.179-192
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• 2002

주차금지, 일방통행. 본 논문에서의 횡단보도와 같은 교통표지는 개별적 행위로서 행정행위가 아니라 불특정 다수의 행위를 추상적으로 규율하는 특성을 지닌다. 현행 도로교통법상 횡단보도의 설치여부는 지방경찰청장의 재량 사항으로 규정되어 있어 경찰이 횡단보도를 새로 설치하거나 기존의 횡단보도를 폐지하는 경우 관할 경찰청은 물론 관계 행정청에 이를 설치 혹은 폐지해달라는 민원이 매우 많아 일선 경찰공무원 등이 많은 애로를 느끼고 있으며 급기야는 본고에서 검토할 사례의 경우와 같이 행정소송을 통해 뜻을 관철하고자 하는 경우까지 생겼다. 횡단보도의 설치와 관련한 대법원 판결(대법원 2000.10.27.선고, 98두8964판결)이 이제 처음 나왔지만 시민의 권리의식의 향상에 따른 소송의 증가경향으로 미루어 앞으로 이와 유사한 문제제기는 더욱 늘어날 것으로 전망된다. 이에 본고에서는 횡단보도의 설치와 관련한 행정소송에 대한 최근 대법원판결에 대한 심층분석을 통하여 그 의미와 문제점을 지적함으로써 앞으로 이와 유사한 사례에 대한 판단에 있어 방향성을 제시하였다. 즉 횡단보도 설치행위의 적법성과 관련한 소송에서 가능한 본안심리를 통해 국민의 권익구제의 기회 내지 가능성을 열어주는 것이 바람직하다는 점과 현재 원고적격의 범위가 확대되어 가고 있는 추세에 비추어 앞으로 횡단보도의 설치와 관련한 원고적격의 범위 역시 확대되는 것이 바람직하다는 방향에서 법규정에 대한 새로운 해석을 시도하였고 이를 통해 횡단보도의 설치 및 폐지에 따른 경찰 등 관계 행정청의 관심과 신중을 촉구하였다. 또한 횡단보도 설치행위의 처분성과 관련하여 횡단보도의 설치행위와 같은 일반적인 명령을 항고소송의 대상으로 할 필요성이 존재한다면 이른바 독일에서의 일반처분이라는 개념을 무리하게 받아들여 이를 행정행위의 한 유형으로 한다거나 우리 판례와 같이 "직접적이고 구체적인 법적 효과"를 미치는 명령이라는 명확치 않은 기준에 의하여 처분성을 인정하기보다는 일반적인 명령과 개별적인 행정행위를 구분하고 명령에 대하여도 취소소송의 대상으로 삼도록 하는 보다 명확하고 일관성 있는 논의전개를 제안하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.175-187
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• 2016

Protection of personal information has significant meaning in current information age. Information of crime victim is one of top in value in that divulgence of the information to perpetrators may threat safety of the victim or cause psychological demage as $2^{nd}$ harm if disclosed to public. Legal system protects the information with scattered statutes including Criminal Procedure Act. Existing studies have been limited to discussion of the single statute without integrated approach. Bearing necessity of the approach in mind, as issues of protection system this research proffers too broad subject of eligible inspection of case document, inactive practice of identity management cards and omission of personal information, and inappropriate punishment on the disclosure or divulgence. After reviewing systems of foreign jurisdictions to get useful implications, this paper suggests several measures with two separate aspect of legal provisions and protection practice.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.247-252
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• 1999

In order to realize a speech coding at low bit rates, a pitch information is useful parameter. In case of extracting an average pitch information form continuous speech, the several pitch errors appear in a frame which consonant and vowel are coexistent; in the boundary between adjoining frames and beginning or ending of a sentence. In this paper, I propose an Individual Pitch (IP) extraction method using residual signals of the FIR-STREAK digital filter in order to restrict the pitch extraction errors. This method is based on not averaging pitch intervals in order to accomodate the changes in each pitch interval. As a result, in case of Ip extraction method suing FIR-STREAK digital filter, I can't find the pitch errors in a frame which consonant and vowel are consistent; in the boundary between adjoining frames and beginning or ending of a sentence. This method has the capability of being applied to many fields, such as speech coding, speech analysis, speech synthesis and speech recognition.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the individual processes of pre-service chemistry teachers in making written test items. For this, we analyzed the think-aloud processes of eight pre-service chemistry teachers while making six written test items about gas laws and their in-depth interview scripts. The characteristics of the processes were found to be divided into six categories; the lack of systemicity in planning stage for making written test items, the lack of awareness and consideration for the interrelationship between instruction and assessment, the diverse criteria in determining test item types, the difficulties in judging behavioral domains and difficulties of items in the table of specification, the limitation in using teacher's guides and misunderstanding of teacher's guides, and the limitation in point and/or content of review and differences depending on the time of review. These can provide some significant guidelines and implications in finding ways to improve pre-service chemistry teachers' ability to make written test items.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.5B
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• pp.483-489
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• 2011

In this study, the coupled-numerical model has been newly developed to investigate numerically scouring and deposition around a coastal structure like a submerged breakwater using a numerical wave model and a lagrangian particle model for sand transport. As a numerical wave model, LES-WASS-2D (Hur and Choi, 2008) is adopted. The model is able to consider the flow through a porous midium with inertial, laminar and turbulent resistance term and determine the eddy viscosity with LES turbulence model. Distinct element method (Cundall and Strack, 1979), which is able to apply to many dynamical analysis of particulate media, as a lagrangian particle model for sand transport is newly coupled to the numerical wave model. The numerical simulation has been carried out to examine the scour problem in front of an impermeable submerged breakwater using the newly coupled-numerical model. The numerical results has been compared qualitatively with an existing experimental data and then its applicability has been discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.163-176
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• 2017

The Discrete Element Method (DEM) has been widely used in civil engineering as well as various industrial fields to simulate granular materials. In this study, DEM was adopted to predict the performance of the face plate-type earth pressure balance (EPB) shield TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine). An analysis of the TBM excavation performance was conducted according to two pre-defined excavation conditions with the different rotation speeds per minute (RPM) of the cutterhead. The TBM model which was used in this study has a 6.64 m of diameter and six spokes. Also, 37 precutters and 98 scrapers at an each spoke were modeled with a real-scale specification. From the analysis, compressive forces at the cutterhead face, shield and cutting tools, resistant torques at the cutterhead face, muck discharge rate and accumulated muck discharge by the screw auger were measured and compared.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.574-583
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• 2002

'채석(quarrying)'산업은 노천광산에서 광물을 캐내는 작업을 모두 포함하는 광범위한 산업을 의미한다. 1900년대에 들어오면서 채석작업에 홈연소기(channel burner)을 이용한 불꽃절개법(flame cutting)이 이용하여 근로자의 먼지 노출이 많이 감소하였다. 채석작업으로 인한 주 된 건강문제는 먼지, 소음, 진동 노출이며, 노천작업장으로 작업환경이 개방되어 있어 환경측정 및 관리가 불가능하므로 개별근로자의 먼지와 소음 노출 측정 및 예방이 중요하다. 본 연구는 미국의 일개 채석회사의 근로자 건강관리사업을 평가하였다. 연구자료는 저자가 현장 방문을 통하여 구한 자료와 연구대상 회사의 안전관리자의 의견 및 미국 산업안전보건국 전산자료를 이용하였다. 채석사업장에서 이루어지는 작업은 크게 채석작업과 실내에서 이루어지는 가공작업 및 운반과 보관이며, 미국 산업안전보건국(OSHA)의 표준산업분류(SIC)에서 1411(채석업)과 3281(채석가공업)에 해당한다<표 1>. 연구 대상 사업장에서 이루어지는 산업보건프로그램은 먼지 노출 예방을 위해 석재 채취시 물분사법(water jet quarrying)과 국소환기법을 사용하고 소음 노출 예방을 위해 귀마개를 사용하며 사고 예방을 위하여 안전모와 철모, 보안경, 안전조끼, 보호장갑, 안전끈(harness)을 착용하였다. 평가 결과로 나온 연구 대상 사업장에서 적용하여야 할 산업보건 프로그램은 첫째, 먼지 노출로 인한 건강문제를 예방하기 위하여 근로자 개별 노출 측정을 하고, 둘째 실내가공작업장의 근로자를 대상으로 한 먼지와 소음 노출 측정 및 환경측정이 필요하며, 셋째 안전관리를 위해 채석장에 안전표지판을 설치하여야 하며, 실내가공 작업장의 자동이동시스템을 작업별로 채색하여 식별을 용이하게 하여야 하겠다. 또한 이 연구 결과를 영세사업장의 산업간호프로그램인 'Clean 3D'사업에서 적용하여 우리나라 채석사업장 근로자 건강관리를 발전시켜야 하겠다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2012

The properties of carbon nanotube-metal hybrid nanostructures are critically dependent on the structure and chemistry of the metal-carbon nanotube interface. In this study, the interface between nickel and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been investigated using physical vapor-deposited (sputter-deposited) nickel onto the surface of freestanding carbon nanotube arrays processed by nano-imprint lithography (NIL). These interfaces have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy and 3D atom probe tomography. In the nickel nanocrystals growing on the CNT surface, a metastable hexagonal $Ni_3C$-types phase appears to be stabilized. The structural stability of the nickel-CNT interface is also discussed and related to potential implications for the properties of these nanocomposites.