• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.79-102
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• 2021

This research is based on open data from the National Library Statistics System and Seoul Survey 2020 from Seoul to analyze the Seoul citizens' usage of public libraries. For such purposes, this research compared and diagnosed the condition of public libraries services at 25 districts of Seoul, focusing on objective indicators of library management and general usage records to understand the correlations between the two. Objective indicators such as budgets, human labor, the number of books, and total ground area were compared with usage records of different classes of Seoul citizens, organized by the citizens' place of living, educational background, and monthly household income. As a result of the research, the correlation between the objective indicators and public usage records of different classes was confirmed. Seoul citizens' usage of public libraries and reading tendency were identified. In addition to, a balanced development of the public libraries in Seoul was proposed to overcome regional disparities and leveling the service level by investigating usage behavior and reading tendency of the public libraries in Seoul.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.255-263
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• 2023

The standards for heavy metal levels in crustaceans are 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg or lower for lead and cadmium, respectively. Further, the contamination levels of arsenic, mercury, methyl mercury, and tin are being continuously investigated, considering their current exposure levels. Shrimps are potentially exposed to heavy metals because they inhabit areas with abundant organic matter, such as sandy or muddy shores, places with a lot of seaweed, and estuaries. This study measured the monetary value of reducing consumer anxiety and increasing consumer confidence if the government prohibits the sale of shrimp species that exceed the threshold for specific heavy metals and of the top shrimp species for which no threshold for heavy metals is specified. We derived consumer willingness-to-pay (WTP). Combining the estimated WTP with the number of households in the country, the total value of benefits was estimated to be 363.9 billion won. The results of this study will provide an important empirical finding, showing to what extent specific policies regarding heavy metals in seafood can alleviate consumer anxiety and provide psychological reassurance.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.415-419
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• 2023

The New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) began using female manpower from World War II. After making various efforts to secure excellent manpower, the proportion of female manpower has risen to 24%, higher than that of Britain, the United States, Canada and Australia, which have a longer history of female military personnel than New Zealand. This is the result of NZDF efforts to open combat roles to women and allow female personnel to advance to high-ranking military positions such as generals and consular officers. In addition, policy alternatives to address women's realistic concerns such as pregnancy and childbirth, childcare, and vertical organizational culture were presented. In particular, Operation "Respect" was implemented to overcome the problem of not leaving or joining the army due to inappropriate sexual behavior and bullying. The operation respect established the role of the leader, emphasized the support of the victim, and accumulated data of the accident to prevent similar accidents. In addition, through the "Wāhine Toa" program, excellent female manpower could be introduced into the military through customized support considering the military life cycle (attract-recruit-retain-advance) of female personnel. South Korea is also considering expanding the ratio and role of female manpower as one of the ways to overcome the shortage of troops and leap into an advanced science and technology group. Implications were derived from the use of female manpower in the NZDF and the direction in which the Korean military should proceed was considered.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.171-184
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• 2023

Machine learning (ML)-based cavity detection using a large amount of survey data obtained from vehicle-mounted ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been actively studied to identify underground cavities. However, only simple image processing techniques have been used for preprocessing the ML input, and many conventional seismic and GPR data processing techniques, which have been used for decades, have not been fully exploited. In this study, based on the idea that a cavity can be identified using diffraction, we applied ML-based diffraction separation to GPR data to increase the accuracy of cavity detection using the YOLO v5 model. The original ML-based seismic diffraction separation technique was modified, and the separated diffraction image was used as the input to train the cavity detection model. The performance of the proposed method was verified using public GPR data released by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Underground cavities and objects were more accurately detected using separated diffraction images. In the future, the proposed method can be useful in various fields in which GPR surveys are used.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.97-108
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• 2008

The use of fly ash to replace a portion of cement has resulted significant savings in the cost of cement production. Fly ash blended cement concretes require a longer curing time and their early strength is low when compared to ordinary Portland cement(OPC) concrete. By adopting various activation techniques such as physical, thermal and chemical method, hydration of fly ash blended cement concrete was accelerated and thereby improved the corrosion-resistance of concrete. Concrete specimens prepared with 10-40% of activated fly ash replacement were evaluated for their open circuit potential measurements, weight loss measurements, impedance measurements, linear polarization measurements, water absorption test, rapid chloride ion penetration test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test and the results were compared with those for OPC concrete without fly ash. All the studies confirmed that up to a critical level of 20-30% replacement; activated fly ash cement improved the corrosion-resistance properties of concrete. It was also confirmed that the chemical activation of fly ash better results than the other methods of activation investigated in this study.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.77
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• pp.171-201
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• 2024

Purpose of Research : Since ChatGPT's 2022 release, the educational sector faces mixed reactions to generative AI, sparking innovation but raising concerns about student cognition and communication. While Christian colleges employ AI reflecting their values, secular institutions stress ethical usage. This study explores ethical AI use in these settings, aiming to integrate findings into educational practices. Research content and method : Analyzing AI use and ethics guidelines from 50 domestic and international universities, differences between Christian and secular institutions were explored. Data was categorized, conceptualized via open coding, and components were identified through axial coding. The importance of components for Christian colleges' AI guides was assessed based on the initial data and previous research, leading to the development of tailored AI utilization components for Christian universities. Conclusion : Studies revealed secular institutions have six AI guide components, while Christian colleges found seven in both utilization and ethics guides, focusing on truthfulness, responsibility, and diversity. Emphasizing the need for ethical AI use in Christian colleges, the findings advocate developing AI ethics guidelines to aid marginalized groups and establish a new educational paradigm through further research.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.139-151
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• 2018

The Songgang-ri area, Cheongsong-gun, which is located in the Sobaeksan province of Yeongnam Massif near the southwestern boundary of Yeongyang subbasin of Gyeongsang Basin, consists of age unknown metamorphic rocks (banded gneiss, granitic gneiss, limesilicates) and age unknown igneous rock (granite gneiss) which intrudes them. This paper researched the geological structures of the Songgang-ri area from the geometric and kinematic features and the developing sequence of multi-deformed rock structures in the geological outcrops exposed about 170 m along the riverside of Yongjeoncheon in the eastern part of Songgang village, Songgang-ri. In the Songgang-ri geological outcrops are recognized three times (Fn, Fn+1, Fn+2) of folding, three times (Dk-I, Dk-II, Dk-III) intrusion of acidic dykes, one time of faulting, which are different in deformation and intrusion timing each other. These geological structures are at least formed by five times (Dn, Dn+1, Dn+2, Dn+3, Dn+4) of deformation. The Dn deformation is recognized by Fn fold which axial surface is parallel to the regional foliation. The Dn+1 intruded the (E)NE trending Dk-I dyke in the earlier phase and formed the NW trending Fn+1 fold in the later phase under compression of (E)NE-(W)SW direction. There are tight, isoclinal, intrafolial folds, boudinage, ${\sigma}$- or ${\delta}$-type boudins, asymmetric fold, C' shear band as the major deformed rock structures. The Dn+2 intruded the (N)NW trending Dk-II dyke in the earlier phase and formed NE trending Fn+2 fold in the later phase under compression of (N)NW-(S)SE direction. There are open fold and folded boudinage as those. The Dn+2 intruded the Dk-III dyke which cuts the Dk-I and Dk-II dykes and the axial surface of Fn+2 fold. The Dn+3 formed the left-handed reverse oblique-slip fault of NNE trend in which hanging wall moves into the SSE direction. Considering in that such five times of deformation recognized in the Songgang-ri geological outcrops are closely connected to the distribution and geological structure of the constituents in the more regional area as well as Songgang-ri area, the research result is expected to play a great data in clarifying and understanding the geological structure and its development process of the surrounding and boundary constituents of the Yeongnam Massif and Gyeongsang Basin.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.234-249
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• 2002

The Miwon-Boeun area in the central and northern part of Okcheon metamorphic zone, Korea, is composed of Okcheon Supergroup and Mesozoic Cheongju and Boeun granitoids which intruded it. The Okcheon Supergroup consists mainly of quartzite (Midongsan Formation), meta-calcareous rocks (Daehyangsan Formation, Hwajeonri Formation), meta-psammitic rocks (Unkyori Formation), meta-politic rocks (Munjuri Formation), meta-conglomeratic rocks (Hwanggangni Formation) in the study area, showing a zonal distribution of NE trend. Its' general trend is locally changed into NS to EW trend in and around high-angle fault of NS or NW trend. This study focused on deformation history of the Okcheon Supergroup, suggesting that the geological structure was formed at least by four phases of deformation. (1) The first phase of deformation occurred under ductile shear deformation of top-to-the southeast movement, forming sheath fold or A-type fold, asymmetric isoclinal fold, NW-SE trending stretching lineation. (2) The second phase of deformation took place under compression of NW-SE direction, forming subhorizontal, tight upright fold of M trend in the earlier phase, and formed semi-brittle thrust fault (Guryongsan Thrust Fault) of top-to-the southeast movement and associated snake-head fold in the later phase. (3) The third phase of deformation formed subhorizontal, open recumbent fold through gravitational or extensional collapses which might be generated from crustal thickening and gravitational instability. (4) The fourth phase of deformation formed moderately plunging, steeply inclined kink fold related to high-angle faulting, being closely connected with the local change of NE-trending regional foliation into NS to EW direction of strike in the vicinity of the high-angle fault.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.944-954
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• 2007

The Purpose of this study was to investigate overall sanitation levels of restaurants in Korea by examining sanitation management. Sanitation inspections were carried out in 200 large Korean, Western, Chinese, and Japanese restaurants and in buffet-style restaurants of over 100 pyeong in size located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province. This survey of sanitation management practices found that in large restaurants employing many workers, sanitation management was good in the areas of the kitchen environment, equipment and utensils, food handling, and worker's personal hygiene. Restaurants having relatively large kitchens showed significantly high scores in these sanitation areas. Furthermore, open-kitchen-type restaurants showed significantly higher scores in kitchen sanitation compared with closed-kitchen-type restaurants. Survey results of sanitation management show that, in all restaurants surveyed, sanitation management was good in dining hall sanitation and in providing a safe drinking water supply, but poor in food handling sanitation. Kitchen environment sanitation was poor in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese restaurants. Equipment and utensils sanitation was unsatisfactory in Western and buffet-style restaurants. In the food handling area, especially food sanitation and temperature, checks were rarely made, and pasteurization and temperature records were not kept. Therefore, it is recommended that, in planning a kitchen facility in the future, the floor area should be as large as Possible and open. In terms of management, more attention should be paid to food pasteurization, sanitation of cooking equipment and utensils, and checking of food temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.175-190
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• 2018

Recently, policy of the marine advanced countries were switched from the preemption using ocean to post-project development. In this study, we suggest improvement and the pending issues when are deducted to the database of the marine spatial information is constructed over the GIS system for the Korean Marine Spatial Planning (KMSP). More than 250 spatial information in the seas of Korea were processed in order of data collection, GIS transformation, data analysis and processing, data grouping, and space mapping. It's process had some problem occurred to error of coordinate system, digitizing process for lack of the spatial information, performed by overlapping for the original marine spatial information, and so on. Moreover, solution is needed to data processing methods excluding personal information which is necessary when produce the spatial data for analysis of the used marine status and minimized method for different between the spatial information based GIS system and the based real information. Therefore, collection and securing system of lacking marine spatial information is enhanced for marine spatial planning. it is necessary to link and expand marine fisheries survey system. It is needed to the marine spatial planning. The marine spatial planning is required to the evaluation index of marine spatial and detailed marine spatial map. In addition, Marine spatial planning is needed to standard guideline and system of quality management. This standard guideline generate to phase for production, processing, analysis, and utilization. Also, the quality management system improve for the information quality of marine spatial information. Finally, we suggest necessity need for the depths study which is considered as opening extension of the marine spatial information and deduction on application model.