• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic variances of growth curve parameters in Hanwoo cows. The data used in this study were records from 1,083 Hanwoo cows raised at Hanwoo Experiment Station, National Livestock Research Institute(NLRI). First evaluation model(Model I) fit year-season of birth and age of dam as fixed effects and second model(Model II) added age at the final weight as a linear covariate to Model I. Heritability estimates of A, b and k from Gompertz model were 0.22, 0.11 and 0.07 using modelⅠ and 0.28, 0.11 and 0.12 using modelⅡ. Those from Von Bertalanffy model were 0.22, 0.11 and 0.07 using modelⅠ, 0.28, 0.11 and 0.12 using modelⅡ. Heritability estimates of A, b and k from Logistic model were 0.14, 0.07 and 0.05 using modelⅠ, 0.18, 0.07 and 0.12 using modelⅡ. Heritability estimates of A from Gompertz model were higher than those from Von Bertalanffy model or Logistic model in both model Ⅰand model Ⅱ. Heritability estimates of b from Logistic model were higher than those from Gompertz model or Von Bertalanffy model in both modelⅠand model Ⅱ. Heritability estimates of birth weight, weaning weight, 3 month weight, 6 month weight, 9 month weight, 12 month weight, 18 month weight, 24 month weight, 36 month weight were after linear age adjustment 0.27, 0.11, 0.19, 0.14, 0.16, 0.23, 0.52 and 0.32, respectively. Heritability estimates of birth weight, weaning weight, 3 month weight, 6 month weight, 9 month weight and 24 month weight fit by Gompertz model were larger than those estimated from linearly adjusted data. Heritability estimates of 12 month weight, 18 month weight and 36 month weight fit by Von Bertalanffy model were larger than those estimated from linearly adjusted data. In the multitrait analyses for parameters from Gompertz model, genetic and phenotypic correlations between A and k parameters were －0.47 and －0.67 using modelⅠand －0.56 and －0.63 using model Ⅱ. Those between the A and b parameters were 0.69 and 0.34 using modelⅠand 0.72 and 0.37 using model Ⅱ. Those between the b and k parameters were －0.26 and 0.01 using modelⅠand －0.30 and 0.01 using model Ⅱ. In the multitrait analyses for parameters from Von Bertalanffy model, genetic and phenotypic correlations between A and k parameters were －0.49 and －0.67 suing model Ⅰ and －0.57 and －0.70 using modelⅡ. Those between the A and b parameters were 0.61 and 0.33 using modelⅠ and 0.60 and 0.30 using model Ⅱ. Those between the b and k parameters were －0.20 and 0.02 using modelⅠ and 0.16 and 0.00 using modelⅡ. In the multitrait analyses for parameters from Logistic model, genetic and phenotypic correlations between A and k parameters were －0.43 and －0.67 using model Ⅰ and －0.50 and －0.63 using modelⅡ. Those between the A and b parameters were 0.47 and 0.22 using modelⅠ and 0.38 and 0.24 using modelⅡ. Those between the b and k parameters were －0.09 and 0.02 using model Ⅰ and －0.02 and 0.13 using model Ⅱ.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 1981

The training of forest ranger level and forest worker level to push the sound forest management and to increase the employment effects in forestry will be done without delay as soon as possible. So several opinions to be considered are here discussed. 1. The ranger level will be at first completely trained with the technics developed and modernized, to process really the sound forest management based on the concept of ecological and economical technic. 2. The organization of vocational training and it's systematical training method will be newly adopted to increase the labour efficiency in forestry. The case of fulltime worker level should be more intensively trained and part-time worker or forest famer level should be trained by the forest ranger and skilled worker with visiting circularly their working place. And the daily employed workers and village people for working should be done by the skilled workers. 3. The training subjects for them at the beginning step will be exploited by the instructors and concerned experts with studying their current conditions. Their practical training is more reasonable to do in the practically managing forest and to carry out under the responsible of leader of this forest. 4. The instructors included rangers of training forest will get specially certain intensive training through the aids of outside experts or through the group instruction with them. 5. The training fields and their reasons to be learned by them are discussed in this paper from the basic knowledge to the skill technics. 6. In oder to systematize and mordernize more rapidly our forest technics that need for training them and also applying directly in the forest management, a total effort of certain type by scientists and technicians scattered individually all over the country is now earnestly demanded to synthesize their knowledge, technic and experience. So to do like this, the establishment of certain organization through which can do their total efforts together will be considered and assisted by the concerned authority. 7. For better lieving of full-time workers, the whole-round year working amount have to be supplied though the work technic-and working plan development. And under the conditions that the timber harvesting work is still not so enough and it has a bad climatic season, the in-side working system and side - job aids will be developed for their sound lieving. 8. The organization of labour management will be soon introduced in the concerning administrativ authority to solve the forest labour problems and to increase the employing effects in forestry in future. 9. The supply programm of improved and trained tools and maschines for forest work is also considered to use by the trained persons. If not to do so, the training results will return to the original condition and will get nothing any more.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.269-281
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• 2016

The statistical analyses of coefficient of variation, heritability, and genetic advance were carried out to identify differences in morphological characteristics, such as the stem and inflorescence length, of 10 major commercial cultivars of spray chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). For morphological characteristics, stem lengths ranged from 46.4 cm to 54.9 cm, the maximum diameter of stem was 5.6 to 8.5 mm, the hardness of the stem was 0.17 to $0.70kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$, the fresh weight of stem was 7.5 to 17.5 g, the dry weight of the stem was 1.6 to 3.3 g, the ratio of dry weight/fresh weight of stem was 15.9% to 23.1%. Also, the number of leaves on the stem was 8.4 to 12.2, the stem leaf area was 17.8 to $37.8m^2$, the fresh weight stem leaves was 5.3 to 18.6 g, the dry weight was 0.5 to 1.4 g and the ratio of dry weight /fresh weight of stem leaves was 7.6% to 11.5%. The inflorescence length ranged from 10.1 to 18.6 cm, the fresh weight of inflorescence was 7.3 to 26.7 g, the dry weight of inflorescence was 1.2 to 2.8 g, the ratio of dry weight /fresh weight of inflorescence was 10.4% to 17.1%. For flower, the diameter of the flower center was 8.2 to 13.3 mm, the petal width was 5.7 to 14.0 mm, the petal length was 12.9 to 33.1 mm, and the petal thickness was 157.8 to $354.4{\mu}m$. The mean values of each character in each cultivar were very different, and DMRT and LSD values based on morphological characteristics among 10 cultivars were highly significant. For variability and genetic parameters, the lowest CV (coefficient of variation), PCV (phenotypic coefficient of variation), and GCV (genotypic coefficient of variation) were 4.79% to 5.15% in stem length, and the highest variations were 62.97% to 65.21% in leaf area. ECV (error or environmental coefficient of variation) was the lowest for leaf area (1.71%) and it was the highest for leaf dry weight (19.30%). Heritability also significantly differed among the characteristics, ranging from 68.69% to 99.67%, the lowest value was shown in ratio of dry weight /fresh weight of stem and the highest value was for leaf area of stem. The value for genetic advance was the lowest in hardness of stem at 0.30 and the highest in leaf thickness at 156.65. The lowest genetic advance as percentage of mean of stem hardness was 9.17%, while the highest percentage of stem length was 134.27%. Thus the characters which had the highest values indicated above show the influence of additive gene action and may provide useful resources for selection programs for agronomic improvement.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of early pregnant cow as donor for Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) derived oocyte aspiration and embryo production in Holstein heifers. Four non-pregnant and 2 pregnant Holstein heifers were used as donor and then carried out total 17 OPU session for 10 weeks (2 times per week). Recovered cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were classified into 4 grade by oocyte cytoplasm and cumulus cells and matured in vitro in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 mg/ml FSH and 1 mg/ml estradiol in 5% $CO_2$ and over 99% humidity for 24 h. After 24 h co-incubation with post-thaw sperm, the presumed zygotes were cultured in CR1aa medium with 4 mg/ml BSA for 3 days and then changed CR1aa medium with 10% of FBS for another 3~4 days. The Mean number of aspirated follicles and collected oocytes in the early stage pregnant and non-pregnant heifers were $13.0{\pm}4.3$ and $10.6{\pm}3.9$, $5.4{\pm}3.4$ and $7.7{\pm}3.6$ per session, respectively. Rate of collected oocyte from aspirated follicles were 59.2% and 50.5%, respectively. The average number of good quality oocytes (Grade I and II) in the early stage pregnant and non-pregnant heifers was $3.7{\pm}2.7$ and $4.9{\pm}2.6$ (Mean${\pm}$SD). Cleavage and blastocyst developmental rates in Grade I and II were 22.2% and 25.5%, and then $1.7{\pm}0.9$ and $1.4{\pm}1.1$ blastocyst per session, respectively. In conclusion, OPU technology can be used in early stage pregnant and non-pregnant heifers without any problem and so applied OPU derived embryo production to maximize the ability of genetically valuable females.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.9
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• pp.21-25
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• 1969

Various formulae for estimation of leaf production in mulberry trees were investigated and obtained. Four varieties of mulberry trees were used as the materials, and four characters. namely branch length (X, 1). branch diameter (X, 2). leaf number per branch (X, 3), and leaf area per branch (X, 4). were studies. The formulae to eatimate the leaf yield of mulberry trees are as follows: 1. Y$_1$v$_1$＝-115.760＋0.068X$_1$＋165.756X$_2$ Y$_1$v$_2$＝-221.500＋1.768X$_1$＋38.152X$_2$ Y$_1$v$_3$＝-253.826-0.116X$_1$＋289.507X$_2$ Y$_1$v$_4$＝ -157.559＋1.063X$_1$＋106.088X$_2$ where Y$_1$v$_1$, Y$_1$v$_2$, Y$_1$v$_3$, Y$_1$v$_4$, are showed the estimated yield of the each variety, namely Gaeryang souban, Ilchirye, Nosang. and Suwon Sang No. 4, respectively. X$_1$ and X$_2$ denote the measured values of branch length and branch diameter, respectively. 2. Y$\sub$7/v$_1$＝-118.478-0.665X$_1$＋184.445X$_2$＋2.346X$_3$ Y$\sub$7/v$_2$＝-217.432＋2.062X$_1$＋35.668X$_2$-1.058X$_3$ Y$\sub$7/v$_3$＝-206. 249-0.739X$_1$＋268.08X$_2$＋2.770X$_3$ Y$\sub$7/v$_4$＝-153.383＋0.009X$_1$＋2.024X$_2$＋0.171X$_3$where Y$\sub$7/v$_1$, Y$\sub$7/v$_2$, Y$\sub$7/v$_3$, Y$\sub$7/v$_4$, are the estimated yield of the each variety, namely Gaeryang. Souban, Ilichirye, Nosang, and Suwon Sang No. 4, respectively. X$_1$, X$_2$, X$_3$, denote the measured values of each character. branch length, branch diameter and leaf number per branch, respectively. 3. Y$\sub$11/v$_1$＝82. 567-1.283X$_1$＋15.501X$_2$＋0.640X$_3$＋3.511X$_4$ Y$\sub$11/v$_2$＝136.411＋0.311X$_1$＋1.921X$_2$-0. 217X$_3$＋0.214X$_4$ Y$\sub$11/v$_3$＝150.2Z7-0.139X$_1$＋11.788X$_2$＋0.143X$_3$＋0.381X$_4$ Y$\sub$11/v$_4$＝160.850＋0.323X$_1$＋66.076X$_2$-0.794X$_3$＋2..614X$_4$ where Y$\sub$11/v$_1$, Y$\sub$11/v$_2$, Y$\sub$11/v$_3$, Y$\sub$11/v$_4$, are the estimated yield values of four varieties, and X$_1$, X$_2$, X$_3$, X$_4$ denote the measured values of four characters. namely branch length, branch diameter. leaf number per branch and leaf area per branch. respectively. The estimation method of mulberry leaf yield by measurement of some characters, branch length. branch diameter. leaf number per branch and leaf area per branch. could be the better method to determine the leaf yield of mulberry trees without destroying the leaves and without weighting the leaves of mulberry trees than the other methods.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.68-87
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• 1982

In Korea, this is the situation at moment that the total demand of timber in 1972 is more than 5 million cubic meters. On the other hand, however, the available domestic supply of timber at the same year is only about, 1 million cubic meters. A great unbalancing between demand and supply of timber has been prevailing. To solve this hard problem, it has been necessitiated to build up the forest stocks as early as possible with fast grown species such as poplar. Under circumstances, poplar plantations which have been carryed on government and private have reached to large area of 116,603 hectors from 1962 up to date. It has now be come a principal timber resources in this country, and required the basic study on various properties of wood for it's proper utilization, since it has not been made of any systematic study on the properties of Populus grown in Korea. In order to investigate the properties such as anatomical, physical and mechanical properties of nine different species (P. euramericana Guiner I-214. P. euramericana Guiner I-476, P. deltoides Marsh, P. nigra var. italica (Muchk) Koeme, P. alba L.,P. alba $\times$ glandulosa P. maximowiczii Henry, P. koreana Rehder, P. davidiana Dode) of poplar for their proper use and development of new ways of grading processing and quality improving, this study has been made by the Forest Research Institute.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.197-208
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• 1991

This study was conducted to estimated the genetic and phenotypic correlations between economic traits and certain other traits in Korean Native Ogol fowl The data analysis were the record of 450 pullets bred from 150 dams and 20 sires of Korean Native Ogol fowl at Chungnam National University from June 18, 1987 to April 6, 1989. The results obtained are summarized as follows ： 1 The genetic correlation coefficients of the economic traits and body shape components were as follows ： between body weight and shank length, breast width. breast girth, tibia length were 0.210~0.788, 0.231~0.826, 0.610~0.995 and 0.096~0.503 between age at first egg and shank length, breast width, breast girth, tibia length were 0.555~0.626, 0.149~0.270, 0.370~0.445 and 0.014-0.124. between number of egg production and shank length, breast girth, tibia length were -0.446~-0.167, -0.162~-0.320, 0.076~0.336 and 0.203~0.312 ： between egg weight and shank length, breast width, breast girth, tibia length were 0.132~0.498, 0.236~0.410, 0.148~0.775 and -0.019~0.593, respectively. 2. The genetic correlation coefficients of the economic traits and egg components were as follows ： between body weight and albumen weight, yolk weight, shell weight were 0.083~0.591, 0 110~0.541 and 0.336~0.782 between age at the first egg and albumen weight, yolk weight, shell weight were 0.476-0.692, 0.265~0.631 and 0.420~0.519 between number of egg Production and albumen weight, yolk weight, shell weight were -0.578~-0.240, -0.255~-0.060, -0.477~-0.313. between egg weight and albumen weight, yolk weight, shell weight were 0.825~0.939, 0.382~0.564, 0.374~0.337, respectively. 3. The genetic correlation coefficients of the economic traits and egg qualifies were as follows ： between body weight and egg shape index, shell thickness, albumen height, Haugh units were 0.215~0.367, 0.248~0.650, 0.161~0.624, 0.157~0.449. between number of egg production and egg shape index, shell thickness, albumen height, Haugh units were -0.384~-0.207, -0.557~-0.306, -0.555~-0.198, -0.582~-0.074 between egg weight and egg shape index, shell thickness, albumen height, Haugh units were 0.276~0.697, 0.290~0.627, 0.238~0.538, -0.207-0.020, respectively. 4. The genetic correlation coefficients of egg compositions and egg qualities were as follows ： between albumen weight and egg shape index, shell thickness, albumen height and Haugh units were 0.110~0.584, -0.380~-0.002, 0.239~0.887 and -0.195~0.279 ： between yolk weight and egg shape index, shell thickness, albumen height and Haugh units were -0.204~0.160, 0.294~0.133, -0.049~0.133 and -0.196~-0 136 ： between shell weight and egg shape index, shell thickness, albumen height and Haugh units were 0.127~0.503, 0.127~0.476, 0.140~0.273 and -0.172~0.233, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 1971

Studies were carried out to investigate the main fermentation microorganisms and their flora changes during Korean native soy-sauce fermentation. Korean native Maeju loaves collected from 5 Do's were separated into surface and inner parts. Four different soy-sauces-the surface part Maeju fermented soy-sauce, the inner part, the surface and inner part combined Maeju fermented soy-sauce, and the semi-Japanese type soy-sauce were fermented and the changes of fermentation microorganism flora and the various chemical components during the period of their fermentations were studied. Besides, 14 home-made soy-sauces collected from 14 different places all over Korea were examined in comparison with the laboratory soy-sauces and to determine the characteristics of Korean native soy-sauce. The results were as follows: 1. The main microorganisms in Korean native soy-sauce fermentation were determined as; Aerobic bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus Lactic acid bacteria: Pediococcus halophilus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides Yeasts: Torulopsis datila, Saccharomyces rouxii 2. Microflora changes during Korean native soy-sauce fermentation were as follows; Aerobic bacteria increased until the 2nd week of fermentation and then gradually decreased. The lactic acid bacteria increased until the 3rd week, after which decreased. When the lactic acid fermentation lowered the pH value to below the 5.4, yeasts were able to grow and participate the fermentation. As the production of organic acids amounted, to a certain height, the growth of all microorganisms lead to the period of decline or death at about the 2nd month of fermentation. After boiling of soy-sauce most microorganisms except a few of Bacillus sp. disappeared. Occosionally yeasts and lactic acid bacteria survived depending upon the composition of soy-sauce. 3. Changes of general chemical components influencing the microflora were investigated for the period of Korean native soy-sauce fermentation. Tetal acidity, salt concentration and total nitrogen were increasing steadily over the entire period of fermentation. pH values were dropping to a certain degree of about 4.5. Salt concentration and pH value seemed to be the important factors influencing the microflora. 4. The microflora were influenced by chemical components of soy-sauce. Aerobic bacteria were able to survive in all soy-sauce as they made spores. Growth of lactic acid bacteria was inhited at 23-26% of salt concentration and pH 4.8. Soy-sauce yeasts started to grow only at pH below 5.4 and seemed to be inhibited at around 26% of salt concentration under pH 4.5-4.7. 5. The open kettle boiling of soy-sauce, the characteristic process of Korean native soy-sauce manufacturing, was effective to sterilize microorganisms, increase the salt concentration, and coagulate proteins. 6. The average viable cell counts of microorganism found in collected samples of home-made Korean native soy-sauces were; Aerobic bacteria: $53{\times}10^2\;cell/ml$ Lactic acid bacteria: 34 cell/ml Yeasts: 14 cell/ml The average values of chemical compositions of samples of home-made Korean native soy-sauce were; Salt concentration: 28.9% pH value: 4.79 Total acidity(lactic acid): 0.91g/100ml Total nitrogen: 1.09g/100ml

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.357-373
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• 1975

This study was conducted to evaluate the winter active polycross progenies of 10 genotypes selected at the hot and dry climate of the Southern Oregon in their performance in the progeny test comparing with a high yielding variety, 'Fawn', and a winter active variety, 'TFM', as the control varieties at Daejon, Korea. Various plant and leaf characteristics, especially which related to photosynthesis, and forage production during the first summer after their establishment, were examined. The important conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The winter active genotypes and variety had less leaf fresh weight and dry weight per leaf than variety 'Fawn'. Variations among polycross progenies of genotypes for these characteristics were great. 2. The winter active genotypes and variety had less leaf area per leaf than variety 'Fawn'. Leaf area among polycross progenies of genotypes deviated greatly and poly cross progenies of 'genotype-16' had the same average leaf area as 'Fawn'. 3. Differences of specific leaf weight (S. L. W.) in the winter active genotypes and variety were not significant. Probably the genetic diversity for S. L. W were not big and were narrowed down already in this genetic population. It was suggested that the photosynthate production within the population might not be different and there might be differences in the photosynthate production-translocation balance. Further study for the diurnal change in S. L. W. within the population might be useful. 4. The winter active variety and genotypes had less leaf width than 'Fawn' does. Leaf width among polycross progenies of genotypes deviated significantly. 5. Differences among controls and polycross progeny group in the initial plant height were significant and variety 'Fawn' was taller than the winter active genotypes and variety. But the differences were not significant in the regrowth of plant height after the first forage harvest. On the contrary. the differences among polycross progenies of genotypes were not significant in the initial plant but the differences in their polycross progeny performance became obvious and great in the regrowth ability which is an improtent agronomic characteristics for forage crops produced in the pasture and for hay and silage. 6. Plant width of the winter active genotypes and variety was lesser than 'Fawn' variety. 7. Differences of tiller number became evident and variety 'Fawn' had higher tiller number than the winter active genotypes and variety after the first forage cutting. There, deviations among polycross progenies of genotypes were great for this characteristic. It was obvious that the genetic differences became more evident in the second measurement after the first cutting of forage probably because this characteristic were stimulated by defoliation in the cartain genotypes and variety. 8. The winter active genotypes and variety on the initial growth. the regrowth ability andtotal yield had lesser forage yield than variety 'Fawn'. Deviation of forage yield among polycross progenies of genotypes were great and gave basis for selection according to their polycross progeny performance improving the forage yield of these winter active tall fescue population during summer. 9. It was concluded that the winter active variety and genotypes in this study was poorer than variety 'Fawn' for the most of leaf and plant characteristics including forage yield. For these measurements, the variations among polycross progenies of genotypes were great. and plant breeding might able to improve further this winter active tall fescue through the polycross progeny testing method for the higher forage production during summer in Korea. 10. The result of the associations among various characteristics under study were quite agreeable with the results of the analysis of variance and woul be useful in the selection of desirable genotypes for the development of a new variety.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.465-485
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to locate the proper position of the lower occlusal plane according to individual skeletal pattern. Cephalometric films of 234 subjects of the control group, 358 of the pretreatment group and 358 of the treated group were analyzed to study proper relationships between vertical dimension ratio(VDR) and lower occlusomandibular plane angle(LOM). The control group was divided into two subgroups by the age. The first subgroup consisted of 113 subjects of the age 14 years and under and with the mean age of 10.82 years. The other subgroup consisted of 113 subjects of the age 18 years and above with the mean age of 23.76 years. The pretreatment group was divided into three subgroups by the age. The first subgroup consisted of 274 subjects of the age 14 years and under with the mean age of 11.36 years. The second subgroup consisted of 54 subjects of the age 14 through 18 years with the mean age of 15.4 years. The last subgroup consisted of 30 subjects of the age 18 years and above with the mean age of 21.35 years. The treated group was also divided into three subgroups by the age. The first subgroup consisted of 145 subjects of the age 14 years and under with the mean age of 12.91 years. The second subgroup consisted of 166 subjects of the age 14 through 18 years with the mean age of 15.64 years. The last subgroup consisted of 47 subjects of the age 18 years and above with the mean age of 21.61 years. Cephalometric films of the sample were traced. Measurements were made to a hundredth using a program specifically prepared for this study, and the results were entered into a 486DX PC. Means and Standard deviations of all the veriables were calculated for each group. Correlation coefficients between pertinent variables were calculated. Significance tests on those coefficients, one-way ANOVA and t-tests between variables or groups were performed. On the basis of the results studied above, certain subjects were selected from the control and the treated groups to locate the proper position of the occlusal plane, and designated as the optimal occluaion group. The subjects of this optimal occlusion group had 1-3 mm overbite, 1-3 mm of overjet and less than 1.75 mm of curve of Spee. A total subjects of 187 in this group consisted 104 treated subjects and 83 control group. Regression analysis was carried out between VDR and LOM, and regression equations were tabulated for this optimal occlusion group. The results were as follows : 1. Highly significant correlations were observed between various variables useful for identifying vertical component of skeletal frame, but any one particular variable did not accurately indicate the magnitude of anterior vertical overbite. 2. Of the variables useful identifying vertical component of skeletal frame, The VDR showed the highest correlation to the LOM. 3. Of the total sample, 80 percent had overbite within the normal range, irrespective of VDR. 4. The optimal occlusion group was divided into 9 subgroups by the age and the anteroposterior skeletal pattern, and correlation coefficient and determination coefficient between VDR and LOM of each group were calculated. Correlation coefficients and determination coefficients were found to be significantly high in all groups. 5. Regression equation was induced for each of the optimal occlusion group to find proper LOM according to the VDR. 6. It was found that the mean value of the cant of occlusal plane itself is not enough for a diagnosis and a treatment plan. Rather, It is very important to locate the proper occlusal plane for an Individual skeletal pattern.