• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.612-624
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• 2002

연구목적: 이 연구는 한국의 전통적 문화에 기초한 한국적 간호이론 개발을 위하여 고전문헌과 관련문헌으로부터 한국인의 세계관을 도출함을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 한국인의 세계관 도출을 위하여 문헌분석방법을 적용하였다. 연구자료는 조선왕조 500년과 현대까지 한국인의 사상체계에 가장 큰 영향을 끼친 성리학의 근간을 이루는 태극도설과 역경을 중심으로 한 고전문헌과 관련 해설서들로 하였다. 연구결과: 한국인의 세계관의 원리로서 변화의 원리, 통일성의 원리, 인본주의 원리를 도출하였다. 그들 각각의 하위개념으로 1) 변화의 원리에는 생산성, 주기성, 중용, 2) 통일성의 원리에는 유기적 체계, 동시성, 전일주의, 조화, 그리고 3) 인본주의 원리에는 경(敬), 충(忠), 서(恕), 효(孝)을 도출하였다. 결론: 서양의 간호개념이 아닌 한국인의 세계관의 원리와 하위개념을 기초로 한국인의 고유한 건강과 간호개념을 도출함으로서 한국적 간호이론개발에 기여할 수 있다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between motivational belief about learning science, self-directed learning ability and conceptual understanding of matter change with a quantitative method, assuming that motivational belief and self-directed learning ability might affect conceptual understanding. To do this, the authors investigated middle school students' motivational belief about learning science, self-directed learning ability, and conceptual understanding of matter change using measurement tools based on previous studies, and then analysed the casual relationship between three variables using PLS structural equation model. As a result, three latent variables in this study could be evaluated as appropriated in reliability and validity. And also, self-directed learning ability could affect both the motivational belief and conceptual understanding, while motivational belief could affect only self-directed learning ability but not conceptual understanding. Through this study the authors confirmed that in the context of science learning self-directed learning ability can directly affect conceptual understanding but motivational belief can affect indirectly. This study is significant in that the causal relationship between different variables in science learning could be confirmed in a quantitate manner, and also in that it can suggest PLS structural equation method as a new research methodology in science education research area.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2004

This study investigated the effect of cooperative learning on the middle school students’ conceptual change of atmospheric and water cycle and also examined the verbal interaction patterns in a cooperative group. The study also analyzed the relationship between the verbal interaction and students’ conceptual change in the cooperative learning situation. Two classes from a middle school were selected as an experimental group (cooperative learning group, n = 37) and a control group (traditional learning group, n = 37), respectively. The experimental group was taught by STAD cooperative learning model and received collaborative skill training. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: first, there were no significant differences in conceptual change between the two groups. As for the middle-achieving students on the pretest, however, the score of the cooperative learning group was significantly higher than that of the traditional learning group. Secondly, verbal interaction in the cooperative learning situation mainly happened among high- and middle achieving students. In addition, the students who were successful in undergoing conceptual change had more frequent verbal interactions than the students who were not. The study suggests that it is more important to interact between a teacher and students than to interact between the students and students in order to correct students’ misconception.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.2
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• pp.261-280
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• 1998

본 연구는 비영리기관인 교육기관에 있어서 마케팅 패러다임이 어떻게 변화되고 있는지에 대한 포괄적인 내용을 검토해 보는데 주안점을 두고 있다. 마케팅개념이 주로 영리기관을 중심으로 소비자의 욕구만족이라는 개념으로 받아들여져 기업은 내적으로 효율적인 생산과 제품에 초점을 두는 경영철학을 견지하면서 기존의 마케팅 패러다임인 마케팅믹스 사고로 접근해 왔다. 그러나 최근 기업이 성장 발전하기 위해서는 고객의 현재적 욕구뿐만 아니라 잠재적 욕구까지도 미리 찾아내어 충족시킴으로 고객을 창조하고 더 나아가 고객을 감동시키고 지속적 관계유지를 위한 마케팅 패러다임으로 이동하고 있다. 비영리기관인 교육기관에 있어서도 마케팅개념의 도입과 전개과정은 영리기관의 마케팅패러다임의 변화와 일치하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 교육기관에 있어서 기존의 마케팅믹스 사고로 접근한 비영리 마케팅과 서비스마케팅을 재음미 해보고 새로운 통찰력을 제시해 주고 있는 마케팅패러다임의 변화와 새롭게 등장한 관계마케팅을 비영리기관인 교육기관에의 적용에 대해서 향후 구체적 연구에 대하여 문제제기를 하고 있다는 점에서 큰 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.16 no.5 s.71
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• pp.94-100
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• 2001

인터넷의 급속한 확산은 기존 시장의 개념을 확대, 변화시키고 이러한 변화된 시장에서 기업은 새로운 비즈니스 패러다임의 변화에 적응하지 못하면 경쟁력을 확보할 수 없는 상황에 처하게 되었다. 기업의 비즈니스 패러다임 변화의 중심은 인터넷 기반의 e-Business라 할 수 있다. e-Business의 핵심은 인터넷과 정보기술을 이용하여 기업의 내부 프로세스와 기업간 그리고 고객간 외부 프로세스의 투명성을 제고하여 비용을 최소화하는 데 일차적인 목적이 있다. 그러나 e-Business 전개에 있어 기업 내/외부의 프로세스 효율화를 위한 수요측면의 적용 주체 이외에도 이러한 전개를 도와주고 각종 하부구조, 서비스 및 장비를 제공하는 공급 주체도 존재한다. 수요측면에서의 전자상거래를 포함하여 많은 e-Business 관련 연구가 있었으나 공급측면에서의 e-Business 연구는 다소 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 고는 다소 실험적 성격을 가지고 공급측면에서 특히 통신서비스 사업자 측면에서의 e-Business 개념, 모델, 유형 등을 기존 연구의 연장선상에서 확대, 고찰한다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.549-558
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• 2014

Integrated concepts that are broad enough to embrace facts, principles, laws, and concepts of multiple disciplines could become the core of integrated education. Integrated concept-centered education enables effective and practical learning. In this study, the Delphi Method was implemented targeting experts in science (physics, life science, chemistry, and earth science) and humanities (history, geology, economics, ethics, and politics) to find out the integrated concept that can be used to design the concept-centered integrated education in the Republic of Korea. 124 experts participated in this survey. Delphi survey was conducted for three rounds. In the first round, an open questionnaire was given to experts to collect feasible integrated concepts in each major field. Then, in the second round experts were asked to select integrated concepts that could be used practically in the field of their major. In the third round, the integrated concept with selection frequency over medium value were given. They were asked to evaluate the applicability of integrated concepts by using the Likert-scale questionnaire. Through this process, content validity was analyzed. As a result, five integrated concepts (change, interaction, space-time, energy, and equilibrium) were selected for the inter-science integration. And thirteen integrated concepts (conflict, community, relationship, structure, power, diversity, culture, change, society, interaction, freedom, justice, and equality) were chosen for the inter-humanities integration. Finally, for the science-humanities integration, seven integrated concepts (structure, diversity, change, interaction, cycle, system, and environment) were determined.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.356-367
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• 2013

We study on the concept and reason of seasonal change that 164 university students have. Subsequently the concept types on the seasonal change are classified according to the characteristics and conceptual change after teaching on astronomy. All of the students were simply checked by the questionnaire of multiple choice and essay method before learning on the subjects. And then they answered to questionnaires of similar type after one semester. By the analyzed results, we classify it to three steps of hierarchical concept structure. The first step is the cosmic perspective that is related to the Earth's condition and motion. The second step is the influence of the Earth that is directly affected by the first step. The third step is observer's perspective on the Earth depending on the second step. Among the answers, the first step is prominent and second step is rare. The answers on the reason of seasonal change show some kinds of type which are 1st, 1-2nd, 1-3rd, and 1-2-3rd step. By the result, it is arranged in sequence like as 1-3rd>1st>1-2nd>1-2-3rd type. The lowest number of students was 2nd step of the Sun's altitude and duration of daytime in pre-test. However the students of 2nd step obtained more correct scientific concept on the seasonal change after learning on the subjects, and got the higher score in the post-test than in the pre-test. We found how much important the hierarchical structure on the reason of seasonal change is. As the results, second step on the learning of the Sun's altitude and duration of daytime essentially have to teach after first step. And then third step have to teach. At last, it is sure that the students can obtain the concept of seasonal change.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.84-98
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• 2012

이 연구는 전하 이동을 강조한 튜토리얼을 통하여 초등 교사의 전기 개념 변화를 분석하고, 초등 교사 교육을 위한 시사점을 얻는데 있다. 튜토리얼은 사전검사, 워크시트, 사후검사로 구성되었고, 내용은 두 개의 대범주인 정전기 영역과 전류 영역으로 이루어졌다. 현직 초등 교사 68명에게 튜토리얼을 적용하고 선택형 질문지, 사전 검사, 사후 검사, 워크 시트, 튜토리얼 과정 녹화 전사본 및 면담을 통하여 초등 교사의 전기 개념 변화를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 교사들은 도체와 부도체의 전기적 특성에 대해 이해하게 되었는데, 마찰과 유도, 접촉에서 전하들의 움직임을 고려하고 설명할 수 있게 되었다. 그러므로 대전과 전류를 혼동하는 어려움이 해소되었다. 열린 회로에서는 전압을 전하가 받는 힘을 고려하여 이해할 수 있게 되었고, 축전기를 통해 일시적 전하의 이동을 설명할 수 있었다. 이것은 전압이 전류의 결과라는 오개념을 과학적 개념으로 바꾸는데 중요한 역할을 하였다. 닫힌 회로에서는 전구 양단에 쌓이는 전하들의 분포를 강조함으로써 회로에서 전류가 소모되지 않고 일정함을 이해하게 되었고, 직렬과 병렬에서도 각 회로에서 전구 양단의 전하들의 분포를 고려함으로써 회로에 따라 전지의 역할이 달라짐을 이해할 수 있게 되었다.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.230-239
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• 2011

This study developed examination test tools for concepts of weather changes of middle school students, analyzed the hierarchy of concepts associated with weather changes by means of knowledge state analysis method, and examined the knowledge state and lesson effects of each individual learner. The hierarchy of the knowledge state of concepts of middle school students associated with weather changes followed the steps of 'humidity ${\rightarrow}$ air mass ${\rightarrow}$ cloud ${\rightarrow}$ precipitation ${\rightarrow}$ front ${\rightarrow}$ weather'. Cases were identified where the knowledge state of students that was thought to be similar to each other among the group of students who have scored almost the same points and thus were thought to have almost the same learning ability, have turned out different in the knowledge state from each other. Namely, the level of knowledge state structuralized differed, suggesting that differing prescriptions should be made according to the knowledge state of each student concerned. Analysis of the knowledge state of learners helps prepare learning prescriptions for each student and appraise prior learning. To examine effects of teaching-learning that has taken into consideration the hierarchy of knowledge state and concepts, lessons were conducted in comparison with the order in which syllabuses are presented in the textbooks, with the result that when knowledge state of learners have been taken into consideration, students made scores significantly higher (p < .05) than otherwise. This indicates that in introducing the unit of weather changes better teaching and learning can be achieved by reordering the contents of subject matters of the textbook by grasping the knowledge state of learners.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.323-340
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of observing material on the phase change of moon considering the orbits of earth and moon for elementary school students. For this study, the material which shows the orbit of moon tilted at $5^{\circ}$ with the orbit of earth is developed. 110 6th grade students in an elementary school are sampled. They are divided into the experimental group and the control group. The lessons using the material developed in this study are implemented to the experimental group, and the lessons using the material proposed in ordinary textbook are implemented to the control group. The pre, post, delayed concept tests on the phase change of moon are administered to the students of the experimental group and the control group, and semi-structured interviews are conducted for each concept level. According to students' responses, the concept levels are divided into 'Phase recognition', 'Space viewpoint', 'Earth viewpoint', and 'No recognition'. The experimental group and the control group are homogeneous in the pre-test. The result of this study shows that the experimental group gains significantly more scores than the control group in the post and delayed tests. Also, in the post and delayed tests, more students of the experimental group are in the highest level 'Phase recognition' than the control group. Finally, students of the experimental group who were in the 'Phase recognition' and 'Space viewpoint' explain more scientifically than the students of the control group. Therefore the results of this study show that the observing material on the phase change of moon considering the orbits of earth and moon is effective.