• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.26
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• pp.35-66
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• 2021

This study conducted scientific analysis and conservation treatment on four suits of armor and two helmets from the collection of the National Museum of Korea. Based on the findings, it identified structural characteristics of armor from the middle and late Joseon Dynasty. Since a suit of armor is made of composite materials consisting of both organic and inorganic elements, conservation treatment was conducted to the extent that the stable condition of each material remained unaffected by the other materials. The process took place in the sequence of investigation and analysis, removal of contamination, stabilization and reinforcement, repair of damaged parts, and storage. The armor and helmets had suffered severe damage, but were safely repaired and partially restored through the conservation treatment. The findings from the conservation treatment revealed the materials used and structural characteristics of the armored skirt from a two-piece set of armor from the middle Joseon period and for the two suits of overcoat-style armor, suit of vest-style armor, and helmets from the late Joseon era. It also allowed the investigation of the production methods of the armor and helmets.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.7
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• pp.53-62
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• 2006

The wooden armor frame and various lacquerware artifacts excavated from the low swamp remains in Imdang, Gyeongsan have very weak material and lacquer coating; in case they are exposed in the air, they are likely to be shrunken and deformed immediately. The wooden armor frame has large size and it might be dissolved during freeze-drying. The lacquer coating of lacquerware blocks the penetration of chemicals and it is very likely to swell or peel off during the treatment. Therefore, to prevent the dissolution during vacuum freeze-drying, the wooden armor frame was replaced with t-butanol and impregnated in t-butanol solution with PEG#3, 350 43%, and lacquerware was impregnated in PEG#3, 350 40% solution at room temperature and freeze-dried. According to the analysis of the lacquer fragment from the lacquerware, the lid and the mounted cup was pasted with the mixture of lacquer and black pigment (soot) on the base layer after the first coating and pasted two or three times more with natural lacquer; the red lacquered wooden cup was pasted with the mixture of lacquer and black pigment on the base layer and pasted once on the middle layer. The top lacquer (red) was pasted with the mixture of iron oxide(Fe₂O₃).

• Defense and Technology
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• no.11 s.261
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• pp.62-71
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• 2000

5세기 초반 로마인들은 아드리아노플 전투의 재앙스러웠던 교훈으로 인하여 그들의 군사제도를 조정하는 데에 열중하였는데, 그들은 특히 훈족 기마 궁수병의 효과에 감탄하였다. 이것은 페르시안과의 전투 경험과 결합되어 로마 기병의 발전에 영향을 미쳤다. 이와 같은 새로운 형태의 로마 기병은 처음에는 경무장이었고 조직과 훈련면에서 야만인 페데라티와 구분되었다. 로마의 기병은 서서히 무거운 갑옷을 입게 되고 창, 칼 및 방패를 활과 함께 휴대하기 시작하였다.

• Defense and Technology
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• no.12 s.262
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• pp.58-69
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• 2000

5세기 초반 로마인들은 아드리아노플 전투의 재앙스러웠던 교훈으로 인하여 그들의 군사제도를 조정하는 데에 열중하였는데, 그들은 특히 훈족 기마 궁수병의 효과에 감탄하였다. 이것은 페르시안과의 전투 경험과 결합되어 로마 기병의 발전에 영향을 미쳤다. 이와 같은 새로운 형태의 로마 기병은 처음에는 경무장이었고 조직과 훈련면에서 야만인 페데라티와 구분되었다. 로마의 기병은 서서히 무거운 갑옷을 입게 되고 창, 칼 및 방패를 활과 함께 휴대하기 시작하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

Due to the severe damages, it is very difficult to fathom out the original shape of the armor of Seong-ryong Ryu(1542-1607) right now. Ryu was a distinguished scholar official of his period, and his remaining armor has been designated as a National Treasure No. 460. This is a study of the types of the used scales, their positions used, the methods of their connections, and their hemmings, to figure out the original process of producing the armor. Based upon the research results, the remaining pieces of the armor are restored according to the discovered contemporary procedure of the armor. Then hypotheses are proposed for the three kinds of armor made up of long pieces, and three kinds of the armor of short pieces, and problems of the proposed hypotheses are considered for further studies. Hopefully this kind of approach shall serve as a ground stone for the better restorations of the scale armors of Joseon period in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2003

특정한 사물에 대한 인식의 폭을 넓히기 위해서는 먼저 명칭을 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 언어란 사회 구성원 사이의 약속이기에 하나의 사물에 여러 가지 이름이 동시에 존재할 수 있고 그중 어떤 이름으로 불러도 동시대 사람들은 동일한 사물을 떠올리게 된다. 이와 같이 문헌에 기재된 많은 명칭들 중에는 동일한 형식의 갑옷과 투구임에도 불구하고 시대에 따라, 또는 세부적인 특징의 차이에 따라 다른 이름으로 불리웠던 갑주가 있을 가능성이 있다.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.17
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• pp.20-38
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• 1996

Horse armour from Dohang-ri site had been retained its original form and all iron metal fragments of armour were very completely corroded without remaining metal core. Horse armour excavated is archaeologically very important, Also it should be maintained the original form. So, only moderate treatments such as brushing and consolidation techniques were performed. The processes for the conservation is as follows : 1) preliminary investigation, 2)removal of chlorides and corrosion products, 3) consolidation with 40% ParaloidNAD-10, 4) joining and restoration

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.7
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• pp.94-108
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• 2013

This study is about the armors that high navy officers of Joseon wore during the period of Japanese invasion of Korea(1592~1598). The kinds of armors that these officers wore during this period are Sueungap, cheolgap, pigap, jigap and myeongap. Sueungap, cheolgap, pigap are all described in literatures, which were released in that period and the early Joseon period. According to publications that were released during that period, Yuyeopgap was a type of an iron armor. Armors that are recorded in only literatures published in the early Joseon period include swaejagap, gyeongbeongap, dujeonggap, hwangdongdujeonggap and dudumigap. Myeongap is found only in publications that were made in the above war time. The styles of armors are largely classified into chalgap and dujeonggap. The chalgap-styled armors used gapchal as their main component. Dujeonggap-styled armors used fabrics and dujeong. The names and the manufacturing methods of the gapchal did not changed since its creation in the early Joseon period until the above wartime. But, their shapes were considerably changed between the two times. This is clearly shown in armors that were found in the moat of the Dongrae-eup fortress. Dujeonggap-styled armors that were used during the period of the Japan-Korea war were a successor to those of dujeonggap-styled armors of the early Joseon period. But the former armors were different from the latter in that they had no gapchal inside. They are well represented by Jeong Chung Sin's armor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.159-169
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• 2000

The purpose of this study Is to research the clothing and textiles recorded in Heikemonokatary which was written from 1131 to 1198. The research materials are 36 kinds of men's clothes and ornaments, 6 kinds of women's things, 10 kinds of colorings and 6 kinds of textiles. The results of this study are as follow : 1. There were many advanced warriors' clothes. Especially the helmets and armors were very gorgeous. The shapes of warriors' knives, arrows, shields were concretely described. The women's clothes were mostly unchanged from Nara period and Heian period. Women wore clothes on their heads when they went out. 2. One particular thing in color is that the brown color of that period was navy blue which is symbolic of victory. There were some textiles which was woven with the boiled silk thread in the latitude and the raw silk thread in the longitude. Besides, the blackening of teeth, the bobbed haler of boys, and the celebration of one's corning of age were described in the book.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.3 no.1 s.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 1994

This thesis researched for the conservation of a suit of armor that General Jung, Choong Sin had been worn in the 17th century, and of military uniform that was in perfect condition even though it had been underground for over 300years since 1676. As the armor was made with silk and cotton, it was treated by the dry cleaning method and the mild charge system. In the dry cleaning method, the used solvents were n-hexane and n-decane. And the percentage of the dry soap was 2 in the mild charge system. As the military uniform was made with only silk, it was treated by the dry cleaning method through the solvent of n-hexane and n-decane. Armor was repaired by scoured hemp partially, but military uniform became too deteriorated seriously to repair.