• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.63-66
• /
• 2003

Branchial cleft cysts typically are characterized as lateral swellings anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle in upper third of the neck. However, cysts have been reported in unusual location such as the thymus, oral cavity, parotid gland, pancreas, and thyroid. Perithyroidal branchial cleft cysts are also rare and preoperative diagnosis is very difficult. Recently we have experienced a case of intrathyroidal branchial cleft cys and a case of perithyroidal branchial cleft cyst, which were diagnosed preoperatively as the parathyroid cyst. So, we report these two cases with review of the literatures.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.188-191
• /
• 2003

Schwannoma is a benign tumor of Schwann cell origin and may occur on any nerve covered by Schwann cells. Although approximately 25% to 48% of all Schwannoma occur in the head and neck region, the lesions originating from the cervical vagus nerve are extremely rare. We have recently experienced a case of huge Schwannoma arising from the cervical vagus nerve which was initially misdiagnosed as a huge goiter. We report herein the case with review of the literatures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.81 no.5
• /
• pp.1164-1174
• /
• 2020

Purpose To evaluate a deep learning model to predict recurrence of thyroid tumor using preoperative ultrasonography (US). Materials and Methods We included representative images from 229 US-based patients (male:female = 42:187; mean age, 49.6 years) who had been diagnosed with thyroid cancer on preoperative US and subsequently underwent thyroid surgery. After selecting each representative transverse or longitudinal US image, we created a data set from the resulting database of 898 images after augmentation. The Python 2.7.6 and Keras 2.1.5 framework for neural networks were used for deep learning with a convolutional neural network. We compared the clinical and histological features between patients with and without recurrence. The predictive performance of the deep learning model between groups was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and the area under the ROC curve served as a summary of the prognostic performance of the deep learning model to predict recurrent thyroid cancer. Results Tumor recurrence was noted in 49 (21.4%) among the 229 patients. Tumor size and multifocality varied significantly between the groups with and without recurrence (p < 0.05). The overall mean area under the curve (AUC) value of the deep learning model for prediction of recurrent thyroid cancer was 0.9 ± 0.06. The mean AUC value was 0.87 ± 0.03 in macrocarcinoma and 0.79 ± 0.16 in microcarcinoma. Conclusion A deep learning model for analysis of US images of thyroid cancer showed the possibility of predicting recurrence of thyroid cancer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.33-36
• /
• 2004

Papillary carcinoma of thyroid is the most common thyroid carcinoma carrying better prognosis than the other thyroid carcinoma. Among the variants in the papillary thyroid carcinoma, the tall cell variant and diffuse sclerosing variants have more aggressive behavior than the classic papillary carcinoma. Recently, a new variant of papillary carcinoma has been reported which was named warthin-like tumor of the thyroid because of its close histologic resemblance to a tumor encountered in the salivary gland, carrying favorable prognosis. Since then, in English literature, a few cases have been reported, but in Korea have not been reported yet. We report a case of warthin-like tumor of the thyroid. A 38 year-old woman who had neck mass, was administered for thyroid surgery due to suspicious thyroid cytology. Right total thyroidectomy and left subtotal thyroidectomy with central compartment node dissection was performed. Histologic diagnosis was made as a Warthin-like tumor of the thyroid.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 1997

Hypothyroidism is not uncommon complication of therapy for head and neck cancer. A series of 52 patients treated with either radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery was retrospectively studied. Diagnostic procedure included total T3, T4 and TSH measured by radioimmunoassay. The rate of hypothyroidism was 25% (subclinical 15.4%, clinical 9.6%). The incidence of hypothyroidism increased to 40% when radiotherapy was combined with surgery. Risk factors influenced a high incidence of hypothyroidism were : tumor stage, primary tumor site, combination of radiotherapy and surgery (especially combined with laryngectomy). We advocate routine monitoring of head md neck cancer patients for hypothyroidism after treatment and recommend levothyroxine replacement therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2015

목적 : 국소 재발한 진행된 갑상선 유두암의 치료로 수술 후 외부방사선의 역할을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 원자력병원에서 2000년 1월부터 2012년 2월까지 사이버나이프 혹은 외부방사선 치료를 받은 수술과 방사선요오드 치료 후 국소 재발한 진행된 갑상선 유두암 환자 13 명을 대상으로 하였다. 경과관찰 기간 동안 국소 및 부위 재발이 발생환 환자는 6 명이었다. 몇몇의 위험인자를 찾기 위해서 Kaplan-Meier method와 log-rank test를 이용하여 성별, 종양단계, 방사선 치료 전 수술 횟수, 방사선요오드치료 횟수, 수술 후 잔존 암의 여부, 원격전이에 대해 단변량 분석하였다. 결과 : 방사선 치료 후 평균 추적관찰기관은 53.8개월(범위, 36 ~ 108개월)이고 그중 남자는 4 명이었다. 1년, 2년의 무진행 생존률은 각각 76.9와 53.8%였다. 단병량 분석은 성별과 잔존 암여부(p = 0.0475 and p = 0.0475, 각각)에 따라 무진행 생존률이 진행한 그룹과 진행하지 않은 그룹 사이에 유의한 차이가 있다는 것을 보여줬다. 결론 : 외부 방사선 치료 전에 잔존 암이 없었던 환자의 100%에서 국소 및 부위 재발이 일어나지 않았다. 외부방사선 치료는 수술과 방사선요오드 치료에 반응하지 않는 환자 중 수술 후 잔존 암이 없는 경우에 효과적인 치료 방법이 될 수 있다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.517-529
• /
• 1998

Purpose : Although many studies have investigated the dosimetric aspects of stereotactic radiosurgery in terms of target volume, the absorbed doses at extracranial sites: especially the lens or thyroid - which are sensitive to radiation for deterministic or stochastic effect -have infrequently been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate what effects the parameters of radiosurgery have on the absorbed doses of the lens and thyroid in patients treated by stereotactic radiosurgery, using a systematic plan in a humanoid phantom. Materials and Methods : Six isocenters were selected and radiosurgery was planned using the stereotactic radiosurgery system which the Department of Therapeutic Radiology at Seoul National University College of Medicine developed. The experimental radiosurgery plan consisted of 6 arc planes per one isocenter, 100 degrees for each arc range and an accessory collimator diameter size of 2 cm. After 250 cGy of irradiation from each arc, the doses absorbed at the lens and thyroid were measured by thermoluminescence dosimetry. Results : The lens dose was 0.23$\pm$0.08$\%$ of the maximum dose for each isocenter when the exit beam did not pass through the lens and was 0.76$\pm$0.12$\%$ of the maximum dose for each isocenter when the exit beam passed through the lens. The thyroid dose was 0.18$\pm$0.05$\%$ of the maximum dose for each isocenter when the exit beam did not pass through the thyroid and was 0.41$\pm$0.04$\%$ of the maximum dose for each isocenter when the exit beam Passed through the thyroid. The passing of the exit beam is the most significant factor of organ dose and the absorbed dose by an arc crossing organ decides 80$\%$ of the total dose. The absorbed doses of the lens and thyroid were larger as the isocenter sites and arc planes were closer to each organ. There were no differences in the doses at the surface and 5 mm depth from the surface in the eyelid and thyroid areas. Conclusion : As the isocenter and arc plane were placed closer to the lens and thyroid, the doses increased. Whether the exit beams passed through the lens or thyroid greatly influenced the lens and thyroid dose. The surface dose of the lens and thyroid consistently represent the tissue dose. Even when the exit beam passes through the lens and thyroid, the doses are less than 1$\%$ of the maximum dose and therefore, are too low to evoke late complications, but nevertheless, we should try to minimize the thyroid dose in children, whenever possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.84 no.5
• /
• pp.1146-1151
• /
• 2023

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignancy that originates from the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disease and is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Previous studies have frequently discussed the association among HT, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and thyroid lymphoma. However, there have been few reports on the ultrasonographic findings of concomitant HT and MTC. In the present case, a heterogeneous hypoechoic background parenchymal echogenicity, with intraglandular echogenic strands, and increased vascularity were observed. A concurrent, ill-defined, parallel-oriented, heterogeneous hypoechoic mass with central microcalcifications was located at the left thyroid gland, consistent with reported US findings of medullary thyroid carcinoma except for an ill-defined margin in our case.

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.234-234
• /
• 2005

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.203-203
• /
• 2006