• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.761-796
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to derive fuel mix of electricity generating system with the lowest cost considering energy security and climate change mitigations as the target of energy policy. Energy Security Price Index(ESPI), based on the measure of market concentration in fossil fuel market and political risk of exporting countries, is chosen to assess the level of energy security. The methodology of Energy Conservation Supply Curve(CSC) is applied to fuel mix to meet the carbon emission mitigation through increasing the alternatives participation and introduction of new technologies. These also represent an improvement on the level of energy security, having the complementarity between two objectives. The alternative measure for improving energy security is exploration and production(E&P) of fossil fuel for energy sufficiency. Fuel mix of electricity generating system to achieve certain objectives in 2020 can be derived with the lowest cost considering energy security and carbon emission mitigations.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.45-69
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• 2013

This study estimates baseline greenhouse gas emissions from transport sector when a new town is developed. It has adopted a general greenhouse gas estimation model developed by Schipper, celine, Roger(2000) for the estimation, and showed how various transport related statistics can be utilized in detail. Particularly, it has produced unit greenhouse gas emission factor per vehicle types, vehicle-km, and trip-km. To evaluate effects of greenhouse gas reduction policies, it has calculated how much emissions will be reduced from bicycle promotion. It has turned out that about 369 thousand tons of carbon dioxide will be emitted from transport sector once the 1st Geomdan New Town is developed in Incheon metropolitan city. If the policy of bicycle promotion can attract people to use bicycle as much as 5% of total trips, then it can reduce about 1,869 tons of carbon dioxide.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.14-20
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• 2015

The Korea ministry of land, infrastructure and transport set the goal of cutting greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector by 34.3% relative to the business as usual scenario by 2020. In order to achieve this goal, support is being given to education and information regarding eco-driving. As a practical measure, however, a vehicle control strategy for decreasing fuel consumptions and emissions is necessary. Therefore, this paper presents an optimized driving model in order to decrease fuel consumption. Scenarios were established by driving mode. The speed profile for each scenario applied to Comprehensive Modal Emission Model and then each fuel consumption was estimated. Scenarios and speed variation with the least fuel consumption were derived by comparing the fuel consumptions of scenarios. The optimized driving model was developed by the derived the results. The speed profiles of general driver were collected by field test. The speed profile of the developed model and the speed profile of general driver were compared and then fuel consumptions for each speed profile were analyzed. The fuel consumptions for optimized driving were decreased by an average of 11.8%.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.149-170
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• 2012

The United Nations Climate Change Conference, Durban 2011, ended on December 12, 2011, 36 hours over its schedule, delivering the Durban Package, which consisted of, inter alia, the extension of the period for Kyoto Protocol term and the launch of Ad-hoc working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action. Despite the positive progress made in Durban, the future of post-2012 climate regime still seems cloudy. Before the Durban conference, some of Annex I countries with emissions reduction commitment under the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period openly declared their intention not to participate in the second one, reducing the effectiveness of Durban agreement. Parties to the conference have a long list of difficult issues disturbing the materialization of the new legal agreement in 2020 such as level of mitigation targets of individual countries and legal nature of their commitment. Given this uncertainty, the Korean government should reinforce its domestic climate policies rather than settling in the fact that it remains as a non-Annex I county party under the Durban Agreement due to the extension of the Kyoto Protocol period. Domestically, it needs to continue to raise the public awareness for rigorous climate policies to transit its economy to low carbon pathway which reduces the country's dependency on fossil fuel in the long term. It is also important to implement cost effective climate policies to cope with domestic resistance and international competitiveness. Internationally, its priority would be working for trust-building in the on-going negotiation meetings to encourage meaningful participation of all parties.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2017

It is known that energy usage from Korean Universities was growing rapidly in the early 2000s. But since 2011, the change was caused by GHG emissions regulation enforced by the government. The purpose of this research was to find the characteristics and trends of greenhouse gas emissions from major universities in Korea according to the each university's data and information. The result shows that GHG emissions from University have increased steadily prior to enforcement by 4-5% annually, but the rate of increase marked 0.5~1% in 2011~2013 is the season of emission regulation and the total amount of emissions decreased 3%~5% in 2014~2015 while preparing an emissions trading scheme. Therefore we can say that the enforcement of GHG reduction such as energy target management system makes a visible effect at least in the University sector that level of GHG emissions is from $75kg/m^2$ to $58Kg/m^2$ for seven years. Another result says that the size of research fund is the main factor that affects the amount of GHG emissions before 2011, but the size of building area has been a new factor influencing the GHG emission since 2013. Thus we suggest that the criteria for evaluating the level of GHG emission from University is suitable if it is based on the building area intensity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.286-293
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• 2012

Korean government is enforcing 'Greenhouse gas target management' in order to achieve Greenhouse gas reduction target. To attain Greenhouse gas reduction target, companies in Korea must establish their GHG inventory system and analysis their GHG emissions characteristics for deduction of mitigation measures. LMDI(Log Mean Divisia Index) decomposition analysis is widely used to understand characteristics of GHG emission and energy consumption. In this paper, the characteristics of GHG emission from the line of railroad in Korea is respectively analyzed in terms of conversion effect, intensity effect, production effect and distance effect. Data of railroad GHG emission from 2000 to 2007 are used. As a result, total effect of railroad's GHG emission is $96,813tCO_2eq$. Production effect ($39,865tCO_2eq$) and distance effect ($327,923tCO_2eq$) affect increase of railroad GHG emissions while Conversion effect ($-158,161tCO_2eq$) and intensity effect ($-112,814tCO_2eq$) influence decrease of the emissions.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to propose strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions on urban areas. This study is made up GHG emission estimation and emission prospect methods, setting of GHG reduction target, GHG reduction plan formulation and feasibility assessment. The significance of this study is as follows. First, this study provides the local government for the overall frame of low carbon strategies. Second, this study contribute to establishment of GHG emission reduction strategies in the local autonomy by providing GHG emission estimation and setting reduction target which is essential elements of reduction strategy. Third, we organize a reduction element for low carbon city embodiment and showed the way to assessment the reduction effect of these elements quantitatively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.56-58
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• 2019

미세먼지 등 대기오염에 대한 국민적 관심 증가로 정부에서는 2022년까지 국내 배출량 30% 감축을 목표로 하는 '미세먼지 관리 종합대책'을 수립(2017년)하였으며, 국제해사기구(IMO)는 선박의 대기오염물질 배출량 감소를 위한 규정을 강화는 등 대기오염물질 감축을 위한 다양한 노력이 추진되고 있다. 그러나, 부산항을 포함한 부산지역의 미세먼지 농도는 선진국 및 WHO 기준에 비해 여전히 2~3배 높은 수준으로 부산의 주요산업인 부산항을 관리 운영하는 주체인 부산항만공사는 '부산항 미세먼지 종합대책'을 수립하여 추진하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 부산항 내 운영 중인 항만 내 대기오염측정소 데이터를 포함한 항만 인근지역과 타항만의 미세먼지 농도를 분석하였으며, 부산항만공사에서 추진한 항만 하역장비 대기오염물질 배출량 조사결과와 '야드트랙터 LNG 연료전환사업', 'AMP설비 설치사업' 등 '부산항 미세먼지 종합대책'과 그 성과를 소개하고 있다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.733-741
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• 2021

Globally, in accordance with the goals set forth in the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, each country has established and declared a reduction target for carbon neutrality by 2050. The roadmaps for establishing long-term greenhouse gas emissions development strategies and setting reduction targets have been announced. As the international community accelerates the transition to the net-zero society, 128 countries have declared net-zero by the end of 2020, and the net-zero declaration continues to expand around G20 member states. In December 2020, Korea announced the "2050 Net-zero Strategy" to establish a foundation for simultaneously achieving carbon reduction, economic growth, and improved quality of life for the people through active response to the net-zero, and pursuing policy tasks in stages to do this. Comprehensive carbon management is insufficient due to the lack of comprehensive carbon management due to the departure from the areas of mandatory reduction, such as the GHG energy target management system and the GHG emissions trading offset system implemented to reduce greenhouse gases in Korea. Currently, there is no cases for estimation or calculation of carbon dioxide emissions for the Mine Reclamation projects. It is reviewed the standard methods proposed by domestic and foreign carbon emission calculation methods and proposed appropriate carbon emission estimation methods for the Mine Reclamation projects in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.356-370
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• 2017

The energy savings and $CO_2$ emission reductions obtainable from the situation that the Smart Grid system (SGs) is assumed to be applied in Korea up to 2030 is quantitatively analyzed with many reported data. For calculation, SGs is divided into five sectors such as Smart Transmission and Distribution (ST&D), Smart Consumer (SC), Smart Electricity Service (SES), Smart Renewable Energy (SRE) and Smart Transportation (ST). Total annual energy savings in 2030 is estimated to be approximately 103,121 GWh and this is 13.1% of total electricity consumption outlook. Based on this value, total amount of reducible $CO_2$ emissions is calculated to 55.38 million $tCO_2$, which is 17.6% of total nation's GHG reduction target. Although the contribution of energy saving due to SGs to total electricity consumption increases as years go by, that of $CO_2$ emission reduction gradually decreases. This might be because that coal fired based power generation is planned to be sharply increased and the rate of $CO_2$ emission reduction scheduled by nation is very fast. The contributable portion of five each sector to total $CO_2$ emission reductions in 2030 is estimated to be 44.37% for SC, 29.16% for SRE, 20.12% for SES, 5.11% for ST&D, and 1.24% for ST.