• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

의사소통에서 대화자 간 감정의 이해는 메시지의 내용만큼이나 중요하다. 비언어적 요소에 의해 감정에 관한 더 많은 정보가 전달되고 있기는 하지만, 텍스트에도 화자의 감정을 나타내는 언어적 표지가 다양하고 풍부하게 녹아 들어 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 인간언어공학에 활용할 수 있는 감정 온톨로지를 설계하는 데 있다. 텍스트 기반 감정 처리 분야의 선행 연구가 감정을 분류하고, 각 감정의 서술적 어휘 목록을 작성하고, 이를 텍스트에서 검색함으로써, 추출된 감정의 정확도가 높지 않았다. 이에 비해, 본 연구에서 제안하는 감정 온톨로지는 다음과 같은 장점을 갖는다. 첫째, 감정 표현의 범주를 기술 대상(언어적 vs. 비언어적)과 방식(표현적, 서술적, 도상적)으로 분류하고, 이질적 특성을 갖는 6개 범주 간 상호 대응관계를 설정함으로써, 멀티모달 환경에 적용할 수 있다. 둘째, 세분화된 감정을 분류할 수 있되, 감정 간 차별성을 가질 수 있도록 24개의 감정 명세를 선별하고, 더 섬세하게 감정을 분류할 수 있는 속성으로 강도와 극성을 설정하였다. 셋째, 텍스트에 나타난 감정 표현을 명시적으로 구분할 수 있도록, 경험자 기술 대상과 방식 언어적 자질에 관한 속성을 도입하였다. 이때 본 연구에서 제안하는 감정 온톨로지가 한국어 처리에 국한되지 않고, 다국어 처리에 활용할 수 있도록 확장성을 고려했다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.331-336
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• 2008

같은 상황이라도 사람에 따라 느끼는 감정은 다르다. 따라서 감정을 일반화하여 현재의 감정 상태를 정량적으로 표현하는데 는 한계가 있다. 본 논문은 현재의 감정 상태를 나타내기 위해, 인간의 감정을 모델링한 심리학의 감정 모델을 공학적으로 접근하여 심리학기반 공학적 인공감정을 제안한다. 제안된 인공감정은 심리학을 기반으로 감정발생의 인과관계, 성격에 따른 감정의 차이, 시간에 따른 감정의 차이, 연속된 감정자극에 따른 감정의 차이, 감정간의 상호관계에 따른 감정의 차이를 반영하여 구성했다. 현재의 감정 상태를 위치로 나타내기 위해서 감정장을 제안했고, 감정장 상의 위치와 위치에 따른 색깔로 현재의 감정 상태를 표현했다. 감정상태의 변화를 제안된 인공감정을 통해 시각화해보기 위해 셰익스피어의 '햄릿'에서 극중 등장인물인 햄릿의 감정변화를 제안된 인공감정을 통해 시각화 해 보였다.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.51
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• pp.329-356
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• 2018

Types of emotional expressions are comprised of vocabulary that describes emotion and composition of sentences to express emotion such as an exclamatory sentence and a rhetorical question, expressions of interjection, adverbs of attitude for an idea, and a style of writing. This study is focused on vocabulary that describes emotion and analyzes the aspect of translation when emotional expression of 'Kyo(驚)' is shown in "Kokoro". As a result, the aspect of translation for expression of 'Kyo(驚)' showed that it was translated to vocabulary as suggested in the dictionary in some cases. However, it was not always translated as suggested in the dictionary. Vocabulary that describes the emotion of 'Kyo(驚)' in Japanese sentences is mostly translated to corresponding parts of speech in Korean. Some adverbs needed to add 'verbs' when they were translated. Different vocabulary was added or used to maximize emotion. However, the corresponding part of speech in English was different from Korean. Examples of Japanese sentences expressing 'Kyo(驚)' by verbs were translated to expression of participles for passive verbs such as 'surprise' 'astonish' 'amaze' 'shock' 'frighten' 'stun' in many cases. Idioms were also translated with focus on the function of sentences rather than the form of sentences. Those expressed in adverbs did not accompany verbs of 'Kyo(驚)'. They were translated to expression of participles for passive verbs and adjectives such as 'surprise' 'astonish' 'amaze' 'shock' 'frighten' 'stun' in many cases. Main agents of emotion were showat the first person and the third person in simple sentences. Translation of emotional expressions when a main agent was the first person showed that the fundamental word order of Japanese was translated as in Korean. However, adverbs of time and adverbs of degree were ended to be added. The first person as the main agent of emotion was positioned at the place of subject when it was translated in English. However, things or causes of events were positioned at the place of subject in some cases to show the degree of 'Kyo(驚)' which the main agent experienced. The expression of conjecture and supposition or a certain visual and auditory basis was added to translate the expression of emotion when the main agent of emotion was the third person. Simple sentences without the main agent of emotion showed that their subjects could be omitted even if they were essential components because they could be known through context in Korean. These omitted subjects were found and translated in English. Those subjects were not necessarily human who was the main agent of emotion. They could be things or causes of events that specified the expression of emotion.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-118
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• 2019

Alexithymia refers to a psychological deficit of identifying and describing one's feelings. It has benn reported that the level of alexithymia of East-Asians is generally higher than that of Western Europeans. Recently one research conducted in U.S. suggested that the interdependent self-construal from East-Asians' collectivism culture might be a cause of this cross-cultural difference. In the current study, we examined the relationship between the level of independent and interdependent self-construal of Korean college students and their level of alexithymia, as well as their ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and emotion suppression. The correlation analysis shows that the Korean students' alexithymia level does not correlate with their level of interdependent self-construal, but negatively correlates with their level of independent self-construal. Moreover, it is also correlated with the level of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness(AEE) and emotion suppression(ES). Thus, we setup a double-mediation model between the deficiency of independent self-construal and alexithymia via AEE and ES, and estimate mediation effects using Hayes and Preacher(2014)s' Process analysis. The results show that the deficiency of independent self-construal has a direct effect as well as indirect effects of AEE and ES on the alexithymia level. Further analysis on the indirect effects reveals that the mediation effect of AEE and the double mediation effect of ES via AEE are significant, but the mediation effect of ES is not significant. Current results imply that the interdependent self-construal from the traditional collectivistic culture may not cause Korean college students' problems on the emotional expression, but the relatively lower independent self-construal may cause them. The deficiency of independent self-constural may raise up the level of self-defensive ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and suppress emotional expression by themselves, which can result in alexithymia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.401-404
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• 2007

본 논문은 거울 투영을 이용하여 2D의 감정인식 데이터베이스를 3D에 적용 가능하다는 것을 증명한다. 또한, 감정 확률을 이용하여 퍼지 모델링을 기반으로한 얼굴표정을 생성하고, 표정을 움직이는 3가지 기본 움직임에 대한 퍼지이론을 적용하여 얼굴표현함수를 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 거울 투영을 통한 다중 이미지를 이용하여 2D에서 사용되는 감정인식에 대한 특징벡터를 3D에 적용한다. 이로 인해, 2D의 모델링 대상이 되는 실제 모델의 기본감정에 대한 비선형적인 얼굴표정을 퍼지를 기반으로 모델링한다. 그리고 얼굴표정을 표현하는데 기본 감정 6가지인 행복, 슬픔, 혐오, 화남, 놀람, 무서움으로 표현되며 기본 감정의 확률에 대해서 각 감정의 평균값을 사용하고, 6가지 감정 확률을 이용하여 동적 얼굴표정을 생성한다. 제안된 방법을 3D 인간형 아바타에 적용하여 실제 모델의 표정 벡터와 비교 분석한다.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 1999

Alexithymia refers to a specific disturbance in psychic functioning characterized by difficulties in the capacity to verbalize affect and to elabolate fantasies. Although it was initially described in the context of psychosomatic illness, alexithymic charateristics may be observed in patients with a wide range of medical and psychiatric disorders. This study was designed to investigate alexithymic characteristics in the patients with alcoholism using Scored Archetypal 9 Test(SAT9) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 Korea version(TAS-20K). Twenty patients with alcoholism and twenty-four normal controls completed these tests. The results were as follows. 1) Patient group with alcoholism were significantly more alexithymic than normal control group in both SAT9 and TAS-20K. 2) No significant difference in the alexithymic measures was found between genders of both group. 3) No significant correlation was found between alexithymic measures and age or education level in both group. 4) Measures between SAT9 and TAS-20K showed significant correlation in the patient group.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.54-62
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• 2011

Emotional reaction should be different from the purpose of the robot system. The method for emotional reaction is also different from the specification of the robot system. Therefore, emotional behavior decision model, which is applied to social robots regardless of specifications and purposes, is necessary. This paper introduces a universal emotional behavior decision model designed for applying to various social robots that have different specifications and purposes. Multiple emotions, a set of probability value of every emotion, are calculated independently and expressed according to the purpose of the robot system. Then, behavior, for emotional reaction according to the calculated multiple emotions, is decided regarding the specification of the robot system. The decided behavior is a combination of unit behaviors that indicates the smallest expressible behaviors in each expression parts. It is possible to express various undefined behaviors by generating unit behavior combinations according to multiple emotions. The universal emotional behavior decision model is applied to three kinds of social robot systems that have different specifications and purposes.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.115-132
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• 2023

Previous studies on emotion have repeatedly suggested that alexithymia is an important predictor of depression. Therefore, this study examined whether the relationship between these two variables can be moderated by personality factors, focusing on the Big five personality traits. An online survey of 312 college students, including alexithymia, depression, and Big five personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness to Experience) was conducted. As the results, as expected, alexithymia predicted depression, which was in line with the existing research flow. In addition, moderation analysis revealed that agreeableness, emotional stability, and openness to experience moderated the relationship between alexithymia and depression, while extraversion and conscientiousness did not. This study has an important implication in that it discriminated which specific personality traits function as moderators in the process of increasing depression due to alexithymia.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.487-490
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• 2004

이메일과 같은 텍스트 기반의 서비스 둥이 점차 대중화되고 있지만, 이러한 텍스트 기반의 서비스에서는 메시지를 전달할 때 수신자가 필자의 감정 상태를 정확하게 파악하기 어려운 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 단편적으로 해결하기 위하여 감정 상태를 나타내는 이모티콘(emoticon)을 사용하기도 하지만 이는 보편적이지 않아서 사용하기에 불편한 점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 일반 텍스트 문서에 감정 태그를 삽입하여 필자의 감정을 표현할 수 있도록 새로운 마크업 언어인 EmoXML(Emotion XML)을 정의한다. 그리고 문장 내에 포함되어 있는 감정 어휘를 인식하여, 관련 감정 태그를 자동으로 생성하고 처리할 수 있는 시스템을 설계한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.309-312
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 인간과 로봇의 상호작용을 위해 감정에 기반한 감정 처리 모델을 설계하였다. 감정 재현 기술은 사용자에게 친근감을 주기 위해 로봇 시스템이 제스처, 표정을 통하여 사람이나 동물의 감성과 동작을 표현하는 분야이다. 로봇이 감정을 표현하는 문제에는 많은 심리학적, 해부학적, 공학적 문제가 관련된다. 여러가지 애매모호한 상황임에 불구하고 심리학자인 Ekman과 Friesen에 의해 사람의 여섯 가지 기본 표정이 놀람, 공포, 혐오, 행복감, 두려움, 슬픔은 문화에 영향을 받지 않고 공통적으로 인식되는 보편성을 가지고 있는 것으로 연구됐다. 사람의 행동에 대한 로봇의 반응이 학습되어 감정모델이 결정되고, 그 결과가 행동결정에 영향을 주어 로봇의 행동에 반영되도록 하였다. 본 논문에서는 인간과 로봇과의 상호작용을 통해 정보를 축적하고 인간의 반응에 적응해나 갈 수 있는 감정 처리 모델을 제안한다.