• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2011

최근 몇년간 국립수의과학검역원에서 조사한 바에 따르면, 국내 젖소에서 유방염을 일으키는 주된 원인균은 황색포도상구균을 제외하고는 거의 대부분 젖소의 환경으로부터 유래하는 환경성 세균에 의한 것으로 확인된 바 있다. 국내 젖소의 유방염 원인균으로 작용하고 있는 이러한 환경성 세균 중 coagulase-음성 포도상구균 (Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, CNS)과 E. coli 등의 그람 음성균이 가장 많은 비율을 차지하였지만 그 외에 Streptococcus uberis를 비롯한 환경성 연쇄상 구균과 장구균도 상당한 비율을 차지하는 것으로 조사되었으며 이에 대해서는 지난 9월호에서도 상세히 기술한 바 있다. 환경성 연쇄상구균과 장구균은 젖소에서 유선감염 및 임상형 유방염의 중요한 원인이며 환경성 연쇄상구균 중 가장 흔히 발견되는 유방염 원인체는 Streptococcus uberis 로서, 이는 국내에서뿐만 아니라 미국, 유럽, 뉴질랜드, 호주 등에서 수행된 많은 연구결과에서도 마찬가지로 나타났다. 장구균 중 가장 흔히 분리되는 균종은 E. faecium과 E. faecalis로서 검역원에서 지난 몇 년간 조사된 결과에서도 이 두 가지 균 종이 유방염우유에서 분리된 장구균의 90% 이상을 차지하였다. 이러한 환경성 연쇄상구균과 장구균은 사람과 동물의 장관, 분변, 감염된 유방 및 전체적인 목장 환경에서 분리되고 있다. 장구균은 일반적으로 환경성 연쇄상구균/장구균 유방염 감염증 중의 일부일뿐이고 장구균에 의한 유방염이 목장의 주된 문제가 되는 일은 비교적 드물다. 현재, 장구균에 의해 발생하는 유방염은 S. uberis를 통제하기 위해 사용되는 방법과 동일한 방법으로 통제할 수 있다고 여겨진다. 원인체에 상관없이 유방염을 통제하기 위한 기본적인 원칙은 유방염을 일으킬 수 있는 병원체에 유두끝이 노출되는 기회를 줄이거나 감염에 대한 젖소의 저항성을 증가시키는 두 가지 방법이다. 역으로 얘기하면, 병원체에 대한 유두끝 노출을 증가시키거나 감염에 대한 젖소의 저항성을 감소시키는 요인들은 우군 내에서 더 많은 유방염을 발생시킬 가능성이 높기 때문에 위험요인으로 간주된다. 본 고에서는 환경성 연쇄상구균에 의한 유방염과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려진 이러한 여러 가지 위험요인들에 대해 알아보고 그러한 위험요인을 줄일 수 있는 방법에 대해서도 고찰하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.353-365
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• 2004

전 세계적으로 매년 50만명이 위암으로 사망하고 있으며 그 발생 분포는 지역적으로 큰 차이를 보이고 있다. 이러한 차이는 유전, 감염, 식이, 환경 등에서 기인하는 것으로 그중 환경적인 요인, 특히 식품이 중요한 요인인 것으로 추측된다.(중략)

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.145-146
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• 1996

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.739-747
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between nursing students' COVID-19-related knowledge, perception of infection risk, and health beliefs and infection prevention behaviors, and to identify the factors influencing COVID-19 prevention behaviors, and to provide the necessary basic data for the preparation of measures to improve the infection prevention behaviors of nursing students. Data were collected from 161 nursing students 4th in G city. Data analysis was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Independant t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 21.0 program.. AS a result of this study, Preventive Behaviors was found to have significant positive correlations with COVID-19 Risk Perception(r=.217, p=.006), Health Belief Model of Perceived benefit(r=.206, p=.009) and negative correlations with Perceived barriers(r=-.219, p=.005). The most influential factors the Preventive Behaviors of nursing students were the Perceived benefit (β=.17, p<.001), mental health status after COVID-19(β=.188, p=.014), and these factors explained 58% in Preventive Behaviors(F=9.686, p=.000). In conclusion, it is expected that nursing students' health belief promotion programs, infection-related curriculum, and emotional support programs can be developed and applied to improve the degree of infection prevention behaviors.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2019

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of communicable diseases at household level and associated risk factors among urban slum residents of Rupandehi district of Nepal. A cross-sectional study was carried out among a total of 259 purposively selected households in the urban slum of Butwal sub-metropolitan city, Rupandehi, Nepal between 25 November and 7 December, 2018. Prevalence of communicable diseases in the households within past one year were reported followed by assessment of risk factors associated with prevalence of communicable diseases using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The study result revealed that out of 259 study participants, more than two third (71.8%) reported to have at least any one of the communicable diseases in the household within past one year, and most common (91.9 %) reported to have cold and cough and diarrheal diseases. Final multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that study participants who did not have appropriate lightening in their houses were more likely (aOR 2.75; 95% CI (1.356-5.586)) to have communicable diseases. This study recommends understanding of the existing prevalence of communicable diseases and risk associated with it while designing health promotion activities and appropriate urban planning in Nepal.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.536-539
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• 2012

건유기에서 비유기로의 이행기는 젖소에서 위험률이 높은 시기이고 이 시기에 가장 큰 문제가 될 수 있는 것이 유방염이다. 환경성 세균들이 분만 전후기에 가장 문제가 될 수 있는 병원체이다. 대장균군에 속하는 세균들은 경산우에서 심각한 감염을 일으킬 수 있고, 처녀우의 경우는 coagulase-음성 포도상구균에 감염될 가능성이 높다. 분만 전후기 중에는 호르몬이나 기타 요인들로 인해 젖소들의 면역상태가 다소 억압된다. 성공적인 유방염 방제 프로그램은 건유우, 분만우, 및 처녀우의 관리에 초점을 맞춰야 한다. 청결하고 안락한 환경, 적절한 사료공급, 비타민과 미량 원소가 함유된 적절한 사료의 보충이 유방 건강을 유지하는데 필수적이다. 건유 시작할 때 유두관의 폐쇄를 강화하고 케라틴 마개가 형성될 때까지 유두 끝을 세균으로부터 보호해 줄 전략들을 사용해서 분만 후의 유방염 감염 위험을 감소시켜야 한다. 건유기 치료는 상당히 성공적으로 이용되어 왔지만 전체적으로 실시하기 보다는 선택적으로 치료하는 접근법이 권장된다. 환경성 유방염에 감염될 위험이 높은 우군에서는 항생제 이외의 접근법이 건유기 중의 신감염 예방을 위한 유용한 도구가 될 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2005

Purpose: To identify risk factors for surgical site infections in patients undergoing general surgery, to analyze the prolonged hospital stay and extra cost for antibiotics, and to provide basic data for control of surgical site infections. Method: Surgical site infection was defined using the definition of the CDC and the data were analyzed by $x^2$-test and unpaired t-test. Results: The prevalence of surgical site infections was 9.7%, and it was related to wound class, duration of operation, number of operations, whether the operation was an emergency, trauma, drains, preoperative stays, presence of remote infection during operative period, and previous history of recent surgery. The mean duration for post-operative stay when a surgical site infection occurred was 9.5 days and in 56.9 % of the patients the surgical site infection appeared 7 days after the operation. Post-operative stays for infected patients were 20.3 days longer than that of uninfected patients. The mean cost of antibiotics for infected patients was higher than that for uninfected patients by 561,067 won per person. Conclusion: Surgical site infection results in an increased length of stay and extra-cost, thus, hospitals need to create strategies to reduce nosocomial infections through effective infection surveillance and by considering factors related to surgical site infections.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2005

Purpose : Recurrent urinary tract Infection(UTI) in primary vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) may lead to serious renal scarring, a major cause of childhood hypertension and end-stage renal disease. To prevent recurrent UTI, low-dose long--term antibiotic prophylaxis has been recommended. However, recurrent UTI still develops during antibiotic prophylaxis, the efficacy of which is now being disputed. The emergence of resistant bacteria has also raised concerns. To evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis, we investigated recurrent UTI during prophylactic antibiotic use in children with primary VUR Materials : The incidence and risk factors of recurrent UTI were retrospectively evaluated in ninety-one children with primary VUR on trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole(TMP/SMX) prophylafis during the year following their index febri]e UTI. Results : Recurrent UTI occurred in 31.9%(29/91) children and comprised 0.32 episodes/patient year. Febrile UTI was 0.26 episode/patient year and afebrile UTI was 0.07 episodes/patient year. The recurrent rate of UTI in male patients with phimosis was 37.2%(19/51), which was significantly higher than in males without phimosis 0%(0/5)(P=0.025). In the logistic regression analysis for recurrent UTI, renal scar was the significant risk factor for recurrent UTI [RR 3.8(95% CI 1.0-14.1) P=0.04]. For other well-known risk factors such as sex, age, degree of VUR, APN, and voiding dysfunction, the differences were not significant. Conclusion : TMP/SMX prophylaxis did not prevent recurrent UTI in children with primary VUR. Phimosis and renal scars were the risk factors for recurrent UTI but the grade of primary VUR was not. In VUR without phlmosis and renal scar, a randomized controlled study without antibiotic prophylaxis is required. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:46-55)

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2023

Over the last decade, avian influenza (AI) has been considered an emerging disease that would become the next pandemic, particularly in countries like South Korea, with continuous animal outbreaks. In this situation, risk assessment is highly needed to prevent and prepare for human infection with AI. Thus, we developed the risk assessment matrix for a high-risk area of human infection with AI in South Korea based on the notion that risk is the multiplication of hazards with vulnerability. This matrix consisted of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry farms and the number of poultry-associated production facilities assumed as hazards of avian influenza and vulnerability, respectively. The average number of HPAI in poultry farms at the 229-municipal level as the hazard axis of the matrix was predicted using a negative binomial regression with nationwide outbreaks data from 2003 to 2018. The two components of the matrix were classified into five groups using the K-means clustering algorithm and multiplied, consequently producing the area-specific risk level of human infection. As a result, Naju-si, Jeongeup-si, and Namwon-si were categorized as high-risk areas for human infection with AI. These findings would contribute to designing the policies for human infection to minimize socio-economic damages.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

We are investigated about the Hepatitis infection risk of the funeral director related to wearing PPE(Personal Protect Equipment) within Metropolitan, Chungcheong and Gyeongsang regions in Korea. We are classified that the vaccinated group was classified as low risk group and the non-vaccinated group was classified as high risk group. And we are analyzed the risk rate of infection based on whether or not to wear PPE(personal protective equipment) among high-risk groups. The result is as follows. The mask wearing rate of high-risk group about HAV(hepatitis A virus) is three times lower than that of low-risk group. The surgical glove wearing rate of high-risk group about HBV(hepatitis B virus) is twice lower than that of low-risk group. The surgical glove and mask not wearing rate among the high-risk group observe that potential infection risk was high 4.23 times and 3.5 times, respectively. We are concluded that increasing the risk of potential infection risks from the funeral director could result in increased risk of infection to national public health, including the bereaved family. We are suggested that the funeral director must be bound to vaccinate against hepatitis and make PPE mandatory. It is deemed necessary for the government to develop policies to promote personal health and national health care.