• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.317-322
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• 1999

Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly resulting from an invagination of the enamel organ. The incidence is highest with maxillary permanent lateral incisors. The reported occurrence ranges from 0.04 to 10%. This anomaly may involve the pulp and periapical tissues and cause pulpal inflammation, loss of vitality, apical and lateral periodontitis, periapical abscesses and cysts and stimulate internal resorption. Oehlers describes dens invaginatus as occurrence in three forms. In treating type 3 invaginatus, treatment strategy can be determined by considering the complexity and accessibility of invagination. In this case, showing simple invagination, it could be treated by simple endodontic treament confining to invagination without loss of vitality of tooth. After treatment of the present case, the results were as follows: 1. In type 3 dens invagiantus, if the tooth is vital and there is no evidence of communicating between invagination and pulp, we can save the vitality of the tooth and resolve the lesion by endodontic treament confining to the invagination. 2. In the invagination with opened apex, the closure of apex can be induced by apexification procedure doing this, we can avoid the neccessity of surgical intervention.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.380-383
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• 2009

Subclavian artery aneurysms are a very rare disease and the common causes are trauma, infection and atherosclerosis. A 69-year-old female, who had no history of trauma and infection, underwent surgical treatment for an aneurysm on a branch of the subclavian artery, and this aneurysm presented as a neck mass.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1139-1142
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• 2003

Human parvovirus(HPV) B19 infection causes erythema infectiosum in children, sometimes red cell aplastic crisis with hemolytic anemia and chronic bone marrow failure in immunocompromised hosts. HPV B19 is directly cytotoxic for erythroid progenitor cells and inhibits erythropoiesis. Infrequently, HPV B19 inhibits hematopoiesis of three cell lineages and causes transient pancytopenia in patients with hemolytic disorders. We report three patients with hereditary spherocytosis who developed transient aplastic crisis. A HPV B19 infection was confirmed by IgM anti-B19 parvovirus titers and characteristic findings of bone marrow examination as the causative agent associated with severe pancytopenia. Three patients recovered spontaneously after a short period of supportive care with red cell transfusions and intravenous immunoglobulin.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.139-170
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• 1985

사망원인통계연보는 사망발생 당년에 신고된 사망 자료만 수록하고 있는데, 본 연구에서는 사망원인통계연보에 수록된 사망(당년신고, 또는 비지연신고)은 물론 수록되지 아니한 사망(지연신고)의 사인구조를 파악하고자 한다. 부차적으로, 사인구조를 평가하기 위해서 지연신고의 다양한 특성을 검토하고 있다. 1983년부터 1993년까지 신고된 모든 사망신고를 기초로, 지연신고와 당년신고라는 신고행태에 따라 사인별 사망구성비, 사망률, 사망률성비를 구하였다. 지연신고율이 지속적으로 감소하고 있지만, 지연신고율은 다른 집단보다 여성, 젊은층, 의사진단사망자, 병원사망자에게서 더 높다. 당년신고 사망자의 성별 사인구조와 비교해 볼 때, 지연신고 사망자의 주요 사인구조는 성별에 따라 달라지는데, 남성에게는 감염성질환, 순환기계질환, 호흡기계질환의 비중이 더 커지고, 여성에게는 감염성질환, 호흡기계질환 및 소화기계질환의 비중이 더 커진다. 1983~1993년 동안 신고된 모든 사망에 대한 주요 발견은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 순환기계질환, 악성 종양, 손상 및 중독이 남녀 모두에게 주요 3대 사인이다. 둘째, 만성 간질환, 각종 사고, 폐암, 자살은 남성에게 치명적인 사인으로서 남녀의 성별 사망력 차이를 넓혀주는 원인이다. 세째, 손상 및 중독, 특히 교통사고는 45세 이하의 젊은 층에게 중요한 사인이 되는데 반해, 순환기계질환, 악성 종양, 소화기계질환은 고령층에게 중요한 사인이 된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.500-506
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• 2006

Purpose : We evaluated an outbreak of Serratia marcescens infections in 24 neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit(NICU). Methods : From January to August, 2004 a nosocomial outbreak of S. marcescens occurred in our NICU. We describe the clinical characteristics of the outbreak and analyse the risk factors for infections with S. marcescens. After the outbreak stopped, 7 isolates from blood were typed using rapid amplified polymorphic DNA analysis(RAPD). Results : S. marcescens was isolated from 24 neonates, 19 infected and 5 colonized. Seven out of nineteen neonates had bacteremia, 4 had ventilator associated pneumonia, 4 had purulent conjunctivitis, 2 had UTI, 1 had meningitis and 1 had a wound infection. Three neonates died due to S. marcescens infection, 2 of 3 had ventilator associated pneumonia, 1 had meningitis complicated with abscess. The mortality rate of S. marcescens infection was 15.8%. Factors associated with S. marcescens infections were previous antibiotic therapy, indwelling catheter and use of ventilators. The isolated strains were resistant to most antibiotics, but frequently sensitive to imipenem, bactrim and amikacin. RAPD typing results show that at least 3 epidemic strains were related with this outbreak. But one genotype was predominant type in this outbreak. The control measures were instituted and the outbreak stopped within 2 months. Conclusion : S. marcescens can cause rapidly spreading outbreaks associated with fatal infections in neonates. If S. marcescens is isolated from clinical specimens, meticulous infection control measures and epidemiologic investigations should be done at an early stage of the outbreak.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.636-642
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• 2007

Purpose : Fluconazole prophylaxis for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants has been shown to reduce invasive fungal infection and its mortality. This study aims to evaluate the effect of fluconazole prophylaxis in VLBW infants on the incidence and mortality of fungal infection. Methods : VLBW infants with endotracheal intubation and central vascular access admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Chonnam University Hospital were enrolled. Twenty eight infants of 7-month baseline period from January to July 2005 ('non-fluconazole group') were compared with 29 infants of a 7-month fluconazole period from January to July 2006 ('fluconazole group'). Results : Gestational age, birth weight, sex, mode of delivery, frequency of twin pregnancy, chorioamnionitis, antenatal steroid and rupture of membranes were similar between the fluconazole and non-fluconazole groups. The rate of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, frequency and duration of prophylactic antibiotics, total parenteral nutrition and umbilical catheters, duration of intralipid, mechanical ventilation and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were also not significant. However, frequency of percutaneous central venous catheterization (PCVC) and intralipid administration, and duration of PCVC were significant between the two groups. The overall incidence and mortality of fungal infection were not different between the two groups. Although the Malassezia infection was increased in the fluconazole group (P<0.05), candida was significantly decreased compared to the non-fluconazole group (P<0.05). Conclusion : Fluconazole prophylaxis in high risk VLBW infants decreased the candida infection significantly. Antifungal prophylaxis is recommended in terms of cost effectiveness, but further study is needed to clarify the reason for the increase of Malassezia infection.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.6-11
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• 2006

바이러스성 식중독은 장염을 일으키는 원인 병원체 중 노로바이러스에 의해 흔히 발생하며 이외에도 아스트로바이러스나 로타바이러스에 의한 집단 설사 사례가 국내에서 보고된 바 있다. 노로바이러스는 식중독과 관련하여 특히 오염된 식수와 굴 등 어패류의 생식을 통한 감염 사례가 많이 보고되어 있으나 사람 간 전파도 흔히 일어나는 전염력이 매우 높은 바이러스이다. 국내에서는 1999년 이후 보고가 되고 있으며 최근 집단 급식과 관련된 대형 식중독 사례들이 보고되면서 학교급식이 사회적인 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 2000년 이후 질병관리본부는 바이러스성 설사의 국내 발생현황을 파악하기 위하여 전국의 17개 시도보건환경 연구원과 노로바이러스를 포함한 4종의 바이러스성 장염원인 병원체에 대한 전국적인 실험실 감시체계를 운영한 결과 바이러스성 병원체가 확인된 사례의 약 18%에서 노로바이러스가 검출되었고, 집단설사 사례에서는 대부분 노로바이러스가 원인병원체로 확인되었다. 또한 노로바이러스의 조기 검출을 위해 질병관리본부는 2004년 중 노로바이러스 유전자 검출 kit를 자체적으로 제작하여 이를 전국의 시도 보건환경연구원을 연계한 감시체계에서 적극 활용함으로써 노로바이러스 집단설사사례의 조기 검출이 가능하게 되었고 지역내 노로바이러스 검출율을 높이는데 기여하였다. 국립보건연구원은 2003년과 2006년에 발생한 대규모 노로바이러스 식중독 사례 이외에도 산발적으로 지속적으로 발생하는 사례들을 조기에 탐지하고 국내에서 검출되는 설사바이러스 유전형 분포양상과 새로운 유전자형이나 변이주를 조기에 검출하고자 전국적인 노로바이러스 실험실 감시망을 강화하여 운영하고 있으며, 집단설사 발생시 각 사례의 연관성을 신속하게 분석할 수 있는 실시간 분자역학적 유전자 분석체계를 단계적으로 도입하고 있다. 실험실 감시체계 운영과 함께 집단 식중독 유발 병원체의 효율적인 관리를 위해 질병관리본부는 노로바이러스를 포함한 설사 유발 병원체를 신고대상 병원체로 지정(2006.06.12)하여 병원체 검출시 보고하도록 하고 관련 지침을 마련하였다. 노로바이러스가 지정전염병 병원체로 추가로 지정됨에 따라 집단 사례 및 실험실 감시사업을 통해 검출되는 병원체에 대한 보고가 강화되고 전파 방지와 2차 감염 사례 감소에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며 전국의 실험실 감시망을 연결하는 국가 차원의 노로바이러스 실시간 분자역학적 분석체계 도입을 통해 노로바이러스 2차 감염을 줄이고 대규모 집단발병 및 유행의 조기 차단 효과를 가져올 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.406-411
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• 2004

Inverted Impaction of the permanent maxillary central incisor is rare. The causes of impaction are trauma and periapical inflammation of primary maxillary incisor teeth. Treatment options for a inverted incisor is extraction, surgery and orthodontic traction, transplantation, and spontaneous eruption guidance. Treatment depends on the incisor's root development and the space available for eruption. If root development is immature, prognosis would be good. We reported successful treatment for inverted maxially central incisor of proper eruption and normal root development by correction of a eruption route. But further observation will be required to evaluate the final root development state and amount of at tachment gingiva.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.247-252
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• 1985

In the present study, the effect of primary infection to reinfection with Ascaris suum larvae was experimented in mouse model. Mice were challenged with 1,000 infective stage eggs of Ascaris suum. The embryonated eggs were directly introduced into stomach of mice. Reinfection was performed at 50 days after the primary infection with same method as primary infection. Mice were sacrificed 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 days after infection in both groups respectively. Larvae collected from livers and lungs with Baermann's apparatus were enumerated and measured after sacrifice. Sera of mice were also collected at same time. The results of the experiment were as follows: With antigen prepared from coelomic fluid of adult Ascaris suum and sera collected from mice before reinfection, the production of antibody in experimental mice was confirmed by the gel-diffusion technique. In the livers of reinfected mice, the larvae were recovered up to 10 days after challenge, otherwhile in the primary infected mice, the larvae were observed up to 7 days. The maximum number of larvae were observed in the lungs of primary infected mice on 10 days after inoculation. In the lungs of reinfected mice, maximum number of larvae were recovered on 7 days after, only few larvae were recovered on 10 days after reinfection. As regards the growth of the larvae, the third stage larvae, over $500{\mu\textrm{m}}$ in length, appeared in livers at 5 days after reinfection, but it couldn't be found on 7 days and 10 days after challenge. The third stage larvae continuously developed were observed in lungs of mice from 5 days after reinfection. In conclusion, it was found that development of larvae in livers of immune mice were probably repressed by the immune mechanisms being rises in livers and defence mechanism is also acting by interfering with the process of larval penetration into the lung from the liver.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.251-258
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• 2018

Ransomware, a malicious software that requires a ransom by encrypting a file, is becoming more threatening with its rapid propagation and intelligence. Rapid detection and risk analysis are required, but real-time analysis and reporting are lacking. In this paper, we propose a ransomware infection detection system using social big data mining technology to enable real-time analysis. The system analyzes the twitter stream in real time and crawls tweets with keywords related to ransomware. It also extracts keywords related to ransomware by crawling the news server through the news feed parser and extracts news or statistical data on the servers of the security company or search engine. The collected data is analyzed by data mining algorithms. By comparing the number of related tweets, google trends (statistical information), and articles related wannacry and locky ransomware infection spreading in 2017, we show that our system has the possibility of ransomware infection detection using tweets. Moreover, the performance of proposed system is shown through entropy and chi-square analysis.