• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.9-22
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• 2006

1/f fluctuation characteristics can be seen in various natural phenomena, such as breezes, streams, candle flames and the luminous patterns of fireflies. It is said that the 1/f fluctuation are comfortable for human beings. And they are introduced into many industrial products, such as an air conditioner, music, lighting, etc. This study focused on verifying the effects of 1/f fluctuation sound on comfort sensibility. Stimulus were divided into three groups(Group 1, 2, 3) by sound generation methodology. Fluctuation patterns of group 1, 2 were given by three types of fluctuation, 1/f0, 1/f1, 1/f2, and its of group 3 were given by two types of pure tone, 1/f1. In order to verify the effects, we measured the physiological responses of the subjects such as EEG(Electroencephalogram), ERP(Event-Related Potential), and these physiological responses were compared with subjective assessments, free answers. Consequently, we found that factor which had an effect on comfort sensibility was cognitive factor(for stimulus) rather than 1/f fluctuation sound pattern.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.101-109
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• 2007

This research is for developing a usability evaluation model based on customer sensation using Quality Function Deployment, which evaluates the relationship between consumer sensation and usability among the physical design factors of dishwashers. Four aspects of the evaluation model; overall sensation factors, detail sensation factors, usability evaluation factors and physical design factors of products were analyzed in three sequential processes of QFD. The sensation evaluation factors and the usability evaluation factors were created from regression analysis of the results of the sensation and usability test. Moreover, thirty-one physical design factors selected through group discussion of ergonomist and manufacturers. Among them, 19 physical design factors according to priority were applied to evaluation model using QFD. With the evaluation model using four aspects, physical design factors influencing user sensation were generated. These factors were 'alarm sound', 'dishwasher size', 'button size' and 'display size'. Consequently, the degree of influences was tested. Design guidelines for dishwashers were derived from finally generated physical design factors.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.331-343
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• 2002

This paper proposes a fuzzy rule-based model as a means to build usability models between emotional satisfaction and design variables of consumer products. Based on a subtractive clustering algorithm, this model obtains partially overlapping rules from existing data and builds multiple local models each of which has a form of a linear regression equation. The best subset procedure and cross validation technique are used to select appropriate input variables. The proposed technique was applied to the modeling of luxuriousness, balance, and attractiveness of office chairs. For comparison, regression models were built on the same data in two different ways; one using only potentially important variables selected by the design experts, and the other using all the design variables available. The results showed that the fuzzy rule-based model had a great benefit in terms of the number of variables included in the model. They also turned out to be adequate for predicting the usability of a new product. Better yet, the information on the product classes and their satisfaction levels can be obtained by interpreting the rules. The models, when combined with the information from the regression models, are expected to help the designers gain valuable insights in designing a new product.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop an automatic expert system for the evaluation of human sensibility, where human sensibility can be inferred from objective physiological signals. The study aim was also to develop an algorithm in which human arousal and pleasant level can be judged by using measured physiological signals. Fuzzy theory was applied for mathematical handling of the ambiguity related to evaluation of human sensibility. and the degree of belonging to a certain sensibility dimension was quantified by membership function through which the sensibility evaluation was able to be done. Determining membership function was achieved using results from a physiological signal database of arousal/relaxation and pleasant/unpleasant that was generated from imagination. To induce one final result (arousal and pleasant level) based on measuring the results of more than 2 physiological signals and the membership function of each physiological signal. Dempster-Shafer's rule of combination in evidence was applied, through which the final arousal and pleasant level was inferred.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.294-300
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated and evaluated the air conditioning operation of the driver according to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of a car parked outside during the summer. We suggest including a comfort mode to the car air conditioning system to improve the thermal comfort of the driver, in which the comfort can be maintained for a longer time. For the a result of our experiment, in the cases with temperature of above $45^{\circ}C$ inside of the car, the subjects preferred strong air blow with the face and the arms in the direction of the blow. In the cases with temperature of below $40^{\circ}C$ inside of the car, the subjects preferred lower volume of air blow. In the temperature below $28.1^{\circ}C$ inside of the car, the mean temperature on the skin of the driver reached the comfort zone.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.3 s.47
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• pp.307-311
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• 2004

In cosmetics industry, we notice that the research should be focused on developing well-being related products such as SPA, esthetique, mass-customization, organics, naturals besides inner beauty and body shaping products. These well-being related products should satisfy customers' expectation about not only concern about health but also safety, reliability, and ethos about products. In that context, the systematic way for well-being related research in cosmetics should be carried out concerning anti-aging with fat-decom-position, vitamin, polyphenol, and organics. At the same time, there are several important factors in this research like augmenting efficacy, controlling skin-absorbency, skin-adaptability, forming, stabilization of activated com-ponents, improving sustainability, and developing new materials based on dermatologic and emotional science. It should be also emphasized that recent technologies such as bio-technology, nano-technology, and natural-material-technology are the cornerstones of developing well-being products.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.221-227
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the quantitative effects of various emotions and retention periods on the color vividness of visual memory. Background: Although numerous studies have focused on the effects of emotions on memory such as visual detail and vividness of emotional events compared to neutral events, the relationship between emotion and visual memory is ambiguous yet. Furthermore, there were few studies on the effect of emotion on vividness of visual memory. Method: A total of 68 subjects were participated in serial experiments proceed on online and the experiments had two phases: recognition phase and reproduction phase. The 15 photographs were used as visual stimuli and all experiments were conducted over the internet(experiment website) and the results were collected on the web database. Results: The retention period, sleep-arousal emotion and subjective saturation of visual stimuli had a significant effect on the color vividness of visual memory. Conclusion: The results suggested that the color of visual stimulus might be more vividly remembered when it is arousing, the subjective saturation is higher and the retention period is longer. Application: The findings of this study may help clarify the relationship between human emotions and visual memory.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

With increasing needs for affective design, it became an essential part in a product development process to look up quantitative ergonomic data that reflects customers' preferences on design factors in various products. This study looked at wide LCD monitors and analyzed customers' affective preferences regarding monitor's bezel frame size and shape. The monitor's bezel frame depth, size and ratio were selected as independent variables among many design parameters. As dependent variables, customer's subjective preferences were measured. A statistical analysis revealed that monitor's bezel frame depth, size and ratio had significant effects on customer's preferences. Also, it was possible to find a different tendency on affective variables and their levels for 19" and 24" wide LCD monitors. In general, experiments revealed that customers reacted more sensitively in 24" wide LCD monitors to all variables. In 19" wide LCD monitors, only the lower frame bezel size had a significant effect, otherwise, lower, upper and side frame bezels appeared to be effective variables in 24" monitors. In order to reflect customer's affective preferences to new design of wide LCD monitors, this study is expected to provide quantitative ergonomic data and guidelines for the design of wide LCD monitor's bezel frame depth and size.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.259-270
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• 2003

In order to properly design warning sounds that are affectively suitable to computer users, warning sounds used in Windows operating system were analyzed in terms of their sound properties; frequency band, spectral characteristics and physical intensity. A total of 36 warning sounds (3*4*3) were generated and tested with respect to three experimental variables. Among 178 collected affective adjectives that are related to hearing and sounds, seven representative affective adjectives were abstracted by statistical grouping techniques. In the experiment, subjective preference tests were performed for the 36 warning sounds according to the seven affective factors. From the result, the affective factors were again grouped into three major factors and the 60dB boost-type warning sounds at the low frequency band were, in general, the most preferred. followed by the 70dB cut-type sounds at the middle frequency band. These warning sounds have a characteristic of boost power spectrum below 1000Hz frequency band and received good scores on simplicity, clarity and accurateness.

• IE interfaces
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.158-166
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• 2005

Human-error and mental stress caused by psychophysiological dissonance between people and artificial environments have become a social problem. And it is a common knowledge that comfort environment reduces human-error and mental stress. Comfort sensibility is related to complex interactions between fabric, climatic, physiological and psychological variables. Currently, comfort sensibility has been evaluated by many sensory tests. However, it is difficult to evaluate comfort sensibility because a concrete concept of comfort sensibility is hard to define. In this paper, we propose a model to evaluate the comfort sensibility using Fuzzy-weighted score on an individual's subjective state for the stimulus. To represent the degree of comfort sensibility level for the stimulus, we represent comfort sensibility using 2 dimensional sensibility vector model. And we use the fuzzy-weighted score that is a fuzzy version of the weighted checklist technique computerized for evaluating the subjects. As an example, this model is applied to 1/f fluctuation sound evaluation. The results show that this model can be effectively used to the quantitative evaluation of comfort sensibility for the stimulus.