• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2003

Purpose: In a retrospective study for the pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation in the past 6 years at Samsung Medical Center, the clinical features of 5 patients with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) were analyzed. Methods: Between June 1996 and June 2002, 41 pediatric patients underwent liver transplantation. Seven of them died in the postoperative period. Thirty-five including one patient who died of PTLD were finally reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: high risk group, EBV naive recipients of EBV-positive grafts; low risk group, the patients other than those in high risk group. The authors reviewed age at operation, immunosuppressive agent, postoperative duration until diagnosis, postoperative duration until EBV seroconversion, presence of treatment against rejection, and presenting symptoms of PTLD. Results: Five of 41 patients (12.2%) developed PTLD. All of them belonged to high risk group, and the incidence of PTLD in high risk group was 31.3% (5/16). The mean age at operation was 10.8 months old and the mean duration between operation and diagnosis for PTLD was 9.8 months. Primary EBV infection developed after a median of 6 months after transplantation. One patient was diagnosed as laryngeal and gastrointestinal PTLD and the other four, gastrointestinal PTLD. The following symptoms and signs were seen in the patients: anemia (100%), hypoalbuminemia (100%), fever (80%), diarrhea (80%), gastrointestinal bleeding (80%), and anorexia (60%). Conclusion: PTLD is one of the major complications after pediatric liver transplantation, especially in the group of high-risk recipients. Anemia, hypoalbuminemia, fever, diarrhea and gastrointestinal bleeding were features that are characteristic of PTLD. The common features of PTLD development were: (i) EBV-positive donors placed into EBV naive recipients, (ii) primary EBV infection about 6 months after transplantation, (iii) young age, about 1 year old at operation, and (iv) the requirement for intensive posttransplant immunosuppression.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2002

Poly(ο-hydroxyamide)s as polybenzoxazoles precursors were synthesized by polycondensation from 2,2'-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane and various bis-acids. And the polymers were modified to acid-sensitive polyamides by introducing tetrahydropyran in order to impart photosensitivity. A study of optical transmittance at 365 nm, according to the chemical structure of bis-acid, revealed that the polymer derived from 4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid showed better optical transparency than those from other bis-acids. This tendency of optical transmittance could be explained by formation of charge transfer complex. In case of the polymer derived from 4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid, the electron accepting characteristic of bis-acid is reduced by introduction of electron donating group, -O-. Thus, optical transmittance increased due to the diminished formation of intramolecular charge transfer complex. In addition, the optical transmittance increased with increasing the THP content in the polymer. This is attributed to the reduced intermolecular interaction by the loosening of the packing density of the polymer chain.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1329-1339
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• 2006

Purpose : Failure of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT) may be encountered in practice because of either relapse of the malignancy or dysfunction of the graft. Second HSCT may be the only option for some patients whose initial HSCT failed. Methods : From May, 1991 to December, 2004, 115 HSCTs were performed at the Pediatric Blood & Marrow Transplantation Center, Chonnam National University. This study was a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 15 patients who received the second HSCT after initial graft. Results : Among eight patients with nonmalignant diseases, two patients underwent the second HSCT because of primary graft failure and five because of late graft rejection. The remaining Fanconi anemia patient was re-transplanted due to development of AML. Two patients died and one experienced primary graft failure, but is still alive. The Kaplan-Meier 5-year overall survival rate was 75 percent and the disease free survival rate was 62.5 percent in nonmalignant diseases. All malignant patients underwent second transplants because of relapses. Four died of relapse and one of treatment-related complications. The Kaplan-Meier 2-year overall and event free survival rate was 28.6 percent each in malignant diseases. Conclusion : Second HSCT for graft dysfunction of nonmalignant disease seems to be feasible and should be considered as a standard practice. The relapse of malignant diseases remains a big obstacle even after the second HSCT, although a small portion of patients might be salvaged. Further investigation of novel therapeutic strategies, as well an the understanding of the biology should be explored.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

Purpose: 본 연구는 한국인 성인 조혈모세포이식환자를 대상으로 경구용 사이클로스포린의 집단약동학 분석을 통하여 사이클로스포린의 약동학적 파라미터에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석을 실시하고자 하였다. Methods: 2000년 12월부터 2006년 8월까지 서울대학교병원에서 동종조혈모세포이식을 받고 면역억제제로 사이클로스포린을 복용한 성인 백혈병환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 자료를 수집하였다. 사이클로스포린의 약동학에 영향을 미치는 인자로는 연령, 성별, 이식 후 날짜, 신기능, 공여자와의 관계, 질병의 종류, 혈중 빌리루빈 농도, 사이클로스포린의 대사를 유도하는 프레드니솔론의 투여량, 헤마토크리트, 사이클로스포린의 대사를 저해하는 약물의 병용여부 등을 검토하였다. 분석은 NONMEM$^{(R)}$ VI 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 변수를 추가하지 않은 기본 모형을 만든 후에 단계적인 요인의 추가와 제거를 통해 최종모형을 제작하였다. Results: 최종 상관 모형은 다음과 같다; CL/F (L/h) = $85.6{\times}e^{(0.646\;{\times}\;HCT/28.9\;+\;0.0464\;{\times}\;Gender)}$. 사이클로스포린의 겉보기 클리어런스는 환자의 성별이 남자일 때 또는 헤마토크릿이 감소할수록 증가하였다. 그 외 파라미터는 다음과 같이 계산되었다; $K_{\alpha}=0.0787\;(h^{-1})$; Q=57.1(L/kg/h); $V_{d-central\;compartment}$=1,100 (L); $V_{d-peripheral\;compartment}$ = 213,000(L). 개체간 편차는 40% 미만이었으며, 개체내 편차를 포함하는 잔차는 24.02%였다. Conclusions: 사이클로스포린의 약동학적 특징과 그 클리어런스에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 임상적 요인을 이해하는 것은 환자 개개인의 용량과 용법의 결정 및 이상반응 발생의 예방에 유용할 수 있다. 한국인 조혈모세포이식환자에서 사이클로스포린의 약동학에 영향을 미치는 최종 파라미터를 구한 본 연구의 결과는 조혈모세포이식을 받은 한국인 성인환자에서 사이클로스포린의 모니터링 및 용량조절에 유용할 것으로 전망된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.5
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• pp.1014-1031
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• 2022

The Kasai portoenterostomy is the first-line treatment for the restoration of the flow of bile to the small intestine in patients with biliary atresia. Various complications can occur after Kasai portoenterostomy, including ascending cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, and portal hypertension. Of these potential complications, ascending cholangitis in the most common. In cases of patients having uncontrolled complications due to progressive liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or progressive hyperbilirubinemia, liver transplantation is the indicated as treatment plan. Lifelong follow-up, particularly involving imaging studies, is important for the identification of various complications arising from biliary atresia after Kasai portoenterostomy. Additionally, imaging studies play a crucial role in the evaluation of potential liver donors and recipients. US is a key imaging modality utilized in the management of patients who undergo Kasai portoenterostomy, while CT and MRI are imperative to obtaining an accurate diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

Purpose : Evaluation and analysis of the incidence and causes of intraoperative and postoperative complications after arthoscopic anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using bone-patella. tendon-bone (BPTB) auto graft. Materials and Methods : We reviewed 85 cases of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using BPTB autograft which had been followed up for more than 1 year. Intraoperative complications had been recorded and corrected during the operation. Postoperative complications were analyzed and compared between 3 groups which were classified by the last follow-up period after the operation. Results : There were a few intraoperative complications including patellar fracture(1 case), contamination of harvested graft(1 case), impingement of graft(2 cases), blow-out of tile posterior wall of the femoral tunnel(1 case) and intraarticular retraction of the screw(1 case). The result of the comparison of postoperative complications among the groups shows that the incidence of anterior knee pain, donor site pain and patellofemoral crepitation were significantly decreased after 2 years. But there was no significant decrease in these complications after 3 years. Conclusion : Intraoperative complications after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using BPTB autograft were due to incorrect technique and carelessness of the operation team, and can be prevented by improvement of surgical technique and accumulation of experience. Postoperative complication were somewhat unavoidable but gradually improved with time; hence, we should consider it for the selection of graft donor.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.291-301
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to compare the properties of odontoblast gene of early passage cells and late passage cells derived from impacted maxillary supernumerary teeth. Impacted supernumerary teeth with maxilla were extracted from 12 patients (8 males, 4 females) between 6 - 9 years old without medical history. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to compare characterization of odontoblast cell in the 3rd and 10th passage, and between with bone inducing additive group and without additive group. Genes for odontoblasts characteristics are osteonectin (ONT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). The level of gene expression was in a decreasing order of ONT, ALP, OCN, DMP-1 and DSPP in the 3rd passage, and in decreasing order of ONT, DMP-1, OCN, ALP, and DSPP in the 10th passage in the undifferentiation and differentiation group. The order of ONT, DMP-1, and OCN did not changed. ALP and DMP-1 were switched in order. ALP and DMP-1 may be used as important markers for differentiating between the 3rd passage and 10th passage cells. Considering that supernumerary tooth was extracted young age and the time required to cultured 10th passage was short, supernumerary tooth can be considered a useful donor site of dental pulp stem cells.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.198-215
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• 2020

Official development assistance refers to assistance provided by governments and other public institutions in donor countries, aimed at promoting economic development and social welfare in developing countries. The purpose of this research is to examine the construction process of the "Myanmar Cultural Heritage Management System" that is underway as part of the ODA project to strengthen cultural and artistic capabilities and analyze the achievements and challenges of the Digital Cultural Heritage ODA. The digital cultural heritage management system is intended to achieve the permanent preservation and sustainable utilization of tangible and intangible cultural heritage materials. Cultural heritage can be stored in digital archives, newly approached using computer analysis technology, and information can be used in multiple dimensions. First, the Digital Cultural Heritage ODA was able to permanently preserve cultural heritage content that urgently needed digitalization by overcoming and documenting the "risk" associated with cultural heritage under threat of being extinguished, damaged, degraded, or distorted in Myanmar. Second, information on Myanmar's cultural heritage can be systematically managed and used in many ways through linkages between materials. Third, cultural maps can be implemented that are based on accurate geographical location information as to where cultural heritage is located or inherited. Various items of cultural heritage were collectively and intensively visualized to maximize utility and convenience for academic, policy, and practical purposes. Fourth, we were able to overcome the one-sided limitations of cultural ODA in relations between donor and recipient countries. Fifth, the capacity building program run by officials in charge of the beneficiary country, which could be the most important form of sustainable development in the cultural ODA, was operated together. Sixth, there is an implication that it is an ODA that can be relatively smooth and non-face-to-face in nature, without requiring the movement of manpower between countries during the current global pandemic. However, the following tasks remain to be solved through active discussion and deliberation in the future. First, the content of the data uploaded to the system should be verified. Second, to preserve digital cultural heritage, it must be protected from various threats. For example, it is necessary to train local experts to prepare for errors caused by computer viruses, stored data, or operating systems. Third, due to the nature of the rapidly changing environment of computer technology, measures should also be discussed to address the problems that tend to follow when new versions and programs are developed after the end of the ODA project, or when developers have not continued to manage their programs. Fourth, since the classification system criteria and decisions regarding whether the data will be disclosed or not are set according to Myanmar's political judgment, it is necessary to let the beneficiary country understand the ultimate purpose of the cultural ODA project.

• Laboratory Medicine Online
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2017

Background: We evaluated a sensitive and quantitative method utilizing fragment analysis of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD), simultaneously measuring mutant allele burden and length, and verified the analytical performance. Methods: The number and allelic burden of FLT3-ITD mutations was determined by fragment analysis. Serial mixtures of mutant and wild-type plasmid DNA were used to calculate the limit of detection of fragment analysis, conventional PCR, and Sanger sequencing. Specificity was evaluated using DNA samples derived from 50 normal donors. Results of fragment analysis were compared to those of conventional PCR, using 481 AML specimens. Results: Defined mixtures were consistently and accurately identified by fragment analysis at a 5% relative concentration of mutant to wild-type, and at 10% and 20% ratios by conventional PCR and direct sequencing, respectively. No false positivity was identified. Among 481 AML specimens, 40.1% (193/481) had FLT3-ITD mutations. The mutant allele burden (1.7-94.1%; median, 28.2%) and repeated length of the mutation (14-153 bp; median, 49 bp) were variable. The concordance rate between fragment analysis and conventional PCR was 97.7% (470/481). Fragment analysis was more sensitive than conventional PCR and detected 11 additional cases: seven had mutations below 10%, three cases represented conventional PCR failure, and one case showed false negativity because of short ITD length (14 bp). Conclusions: The new fragment analysis method proved to be sensitive and reliable for the detection and monitoring of FLT3-ITD in patients with AML. This could be used to simultaneously assess ITD mutant allele burden and length.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.652-662
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• 2000

This study was performed to measure the mutagenicity of fish by cooking and storage. Mutagenicity of the fish extract was measured by Ames test(Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay with TA 100) in vitro and by micro-nucleus test in vivo. The fish samples screened in this study were white fish(Trichiurus, Croaker, Salted Croaker) and red fish(Saury pike, Mackerel, Yellowtail, Salmon). The number of revertants of red fish were significantly higher than that of white fish. And the mutagenicity of mackerel was higher than other red fish, so followed experiment was made by using the extract of mackerel. Mutagenicity of the samples cooked on microwave oven was the lowest, whereas there was no significant difference between the samples cooked on gas grill and the ones on electric grill. In the presence of S9 mixture, the methanol extract of mackerel showed 2∼4 times high values of mutagenicity in comparison with the extract without S9. The extract of mackerel cooked with various vegetable juices showed inhibitory effects on the mutagenicity in the order of green tea, ginger, and radish. Also, the number of revertants was increased in the stored samples. Mutagenicity of the samples stored in the refrigerator was higher than that of the freezer. In micronucleus test, the methanol extract treated with vegetable juice inhibited micro-nucleus formation in bone marrow by cyclophosphamide in the order of ginger, green tea, and radish. In TBA test, there was a tendency that TBA values were increased as the storage time increased. Also, the rancidity of sample were stored in the refrigerator was higher value than sample stored in the freezer. Samples cooked on microwave oven showed the highest value in rancidity. When the antioxidant effect of vegetable juice was measured by electron donating ability(EDA) of mackerel cooked with vegetable juice to DPPH, the samples treated with onion showed the highest value of EDA(%), and the samples treated with green tea, ginger and cabbage also showed the antioxidant effect.