• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.57-66
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• 2015

As Sri Lanka Stupa had been affected by Indian stupa directly, understanding Sri Lanka Stupa is important to know about the flow of Buddhist Art History, which is showing the variation of Initial Buddhist stupa. Due to invasions and disasters, all Sri Lanka's Stupa collapsed and became random mound. After restoration works, Stupa shape changed dramatically from the Initial shape to Existing shape. Since it is hard to find out how Initial stupas were like, Sanchi Stupa needed to be an example for the comparative study as an Initial shape. Sri Lanka Stupa have Square foundation and 3 Basal rings that are supporting the Main Dome. Entrances are on all 4 sides, Railing and Torana(gate) has never found in Sri Lanka stupa. Sri Lanka stupa has been classified with the shape of Dome into 6~8 types according to "Vijayanta Potha", the Ancient Buddhist Description, and described by several researchers confusingly. With the inconvenience of using unfamiliar words and irrational gap between the Initial Sri Lanka stupa and Existing Sri Lanka stupa, proposing new classification of Sri Lanka Stupa is necessary. Existing Sri Lanka Stupa can be classified into 4 types : which is (1)Bell type, (2)Pot type, (3)Mound type, (4)Bubble type. This suggestion is for further studies to use Easier and shorter words to describe the types and make it reasonable to use, since the current classification includes 3 stupa types even there is no case for any of them. Restrict Stupa Classifications within existing Sri Lanka Stupa is needed because the current classification had been continued for hundreds of years without any adjustments. Bell type is mainly located in Anuradhapura. Pot type and Mound type is only found in limited area, and Bubble type is located in most area of Sri Lanka.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 1995

In tnis study, the impact factors of a simply supported highway bridge due to a vehicle moving across the span are presented. This variable has received cons~derable attention in recent years, both analytically and experimentally. The KBDC specification equation has a maximum 30 percent value which decreases with span length. The results of field tests showed that the dynamic load effects are mostly lower t.hari present KBDC value and that the impact factor does not vary significantly with spar1 as implied in KHUC. The rnain parameters affecting lmpact are the br dge approach. bumps, and other pavement roughness. In thls study, based on test results, three values of impact factors are provided by correlating the roughness of the surface to the deck condition survey values. The present study proposes reasonable impact factors for the strength evaluation of highway bridges. This study may be extended to the evaluation of existing brdges.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.20
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• pp.1-26
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• 1975

In order to provide basic information for the application of tissue culture to a rice breeding program. experiments were carried out on the callus formation from seedings and anthers and organ differentiation from the callus of rice varieties and their hybrids. It appeared that in general the callus tissue was more easily induced in japonicas than in indicas with significant varietal differences. A highly significant positive correlation (r=0.896$^{**}$) was obtained between the fresh weight of callus induced in NAA medium and in 2, 4-D medium in the same variety. Callus formed on the medium with 2, 4-D was more friable than that formed on the medium with NAA. The callus formation from seedlings was better than from anthers in upland rice varieties. The easiness of the callus formation appeared to be a dominant character in crosses of rice varieties. Varietal difference was also noticed in the organ differentiation from the callus and the root differentiation seemed to be easier than the shoot differentiation. Most of the plants derived from the cal1us were albinos and the frequency of occurrence of albinos was greater in callus of seedlings than in that of anthers. Greater amount of callus tissue was formed from anthers of $F_1$ plants than anyone of their parents in remote-crosses but it was clear in close-crosses. A highly significant positive correlation (r=0.504$^{**}$) was found between the callus formation from seedlings and from anthers.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.861-873
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• 2009

There are many reasons that fail to get appropriate information in information retrieval. Allomorph is one of the reasons for search failure due to keyword mismatch. This research proposes a method to construct alternative word candidates automatically in order to minimize search failure due to keyword mismatch. Assuming that two words have similar meaning if they have similar co-occurrence words, the proposed method uses the concept of concentration, association word set, cosine similarity between association word sets and a filtering technique using confidence. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a manually extracted alternative list. Evaluation results show that the proposed method outperforms the context window overlapping in precision and recall.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2009

Patent information search is used for checking existence of earlier works. In patent information search, there are many reasons that fails to get appropriate information. This research proposes a method extracting alternative word candidates in order to minimize search failure due to keyword mismatch. Assuming that two words have similar meaning if they have similar co-occurrence words, the proposed method uses the concept of concentration, association word set, cosine similarity between association word sets and a ranking modification technique. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a manually extracted alternative word candidate list. Evaluation results show that the proposed method outperforms the document vector space model in recall.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.570-577
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• 2020

This study is aimed at figuring out the influence of early childhood teachers' playfulness and sensitivity on play teaching efficacy. The subjects of the study were 262 early childhood teachers working in kindergarten and day care centers located in J City. The instruments were the Adult Playfulness Scale, the Sensitivity Scale, and the Play Teaching Efficacy Scale. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS. In order to find out the general background of the early childhood teachers, frequency and percentage were used. In addition, in order to assess the relationships among playfulness, sensitivity, and the play teaching efficacy of an early childhood teacher, Pearson's correlation analysis was carried out. Lastly, for examination of the effects and a relative explanation of the effects of playfulness and sensitivity on play teaching efficacy in early childhood teachers, a multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results of this study are as follows. First, there was positive correlation among playfulness, sensitivity, and play teaching efficacy in the early childhood teacher. Second, play teaching efficacy of early childhood teachers was influenced by their playfulness and sensitivity. In conclusion, the significance of this study is that there was a significant correlation among playfulness, sensitivity, and play teaching efficacy in early childhood teachers, and that both of the first two variables were factors influencing play teaching efficacy.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 2000

산업화와 더불어 심각해지고 있는 수질오염 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 여러 가지 수질관리 방안이 요구된다. 수질오염이 과거에는 국지적이었으나 점차 광범한 지역으로 확장됨에 다라 지속적인 수질 모니터링에 어려움이 따른다. 본 연구에서는 위성영상을 사용한 원격탐사 기법으로 수역의 수질환경 인자를 추출하고자 한다. 사용된 영상은 Landasat TM이며, 연구지역은 한강하류 지역이다. 수질분석 인자는 클로로필-a, 부유물질, 투명도 등을 선정하였으며, 수면분광반사율의 특징 및 수질인자별 처리기법을 개발하는데 목적을 두었다. 분광특성 분석결과를 요약하면, 첫 번째 스펙트럼 반사율 분석결과 클로로필-a의 농도는 0.4~0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ 파장대역에서 낮은 반사치 경향을 보이며, 녹색파장대인 0.57$\mu\textrm{m}$ 부근에서 반사율이 높아진다. 두 번째 부유물질의 반사도는 농도가 증가할수록 0.8$\mu\textrm{m}$ 부근에서 상대적으로 낮은 반사율이 나타난다. 마지막으로 투명도가 낮은 수면은 0.55$\mu\textrm{m}$에서 높은 반사율 경향을 보인다. Landsat TM영상을 이용하여 주성분분석 및 비연산처리를 실시하여 수질분석을 시도한 결과를 보면 클로로필-a와 투명도는 제1주성분 영상 및 제2주성분 영상에서 현장 실측자료와 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 부유물질은 밴드 2와 밴드 4의 비연산처리를 통하여 분포도를 작성할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과들은 계절적 및 시간적 변화에 따라 파장대역이 달라질 수 있다. 그러므로 위성자료를 이용하여 보다 정확한 수질환경 인자를 추출하기 위해서는 현장실측 및 수역의 분광반사 특성을 지속적으로 조사하여야 한다.때문으로 경주 산사태와 포함-구릉포간 국도면의 산사태가 이 종류의 산사태에 속한다.열 인식의 신뢰도를 향상시킬수 있는 방법을 제안하였다.작성하여 최신 의료영상 처리 기법을 쉽게 임상에 적용하고 실험할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 지대에서 가능하였고, 파종기는 중생종보다 이르게 나타났다. 등숙만한출수기 기준의 안전작기는 조생종과 중생종은 태백고냉지대와 태백준고냉지대, 소백산간지대 일부지역을 제외한 다른 지역에서 설정되었고, 중만생종은 태백고냉지대, 태백준고냉지대, 동해안북부지대, 소백산간지대, 노령소백산간지대의 일부 지역은 벼 담수직파가 불가능하게 판단되었다. information on the regular basis of time and provide it when the users query over the Web-database gateway. The other approach is a shopping agent mechanism, which stores information on "how to shop" and the shopping agent collects the information of product items just after users query about the product and provide the information in real time or notify them by alerting service. Thirty nine shopping information services are compared and classified in this paper and they are extracted from "Naver" and "Yahoo! Korea". The final result shows that most services are just a

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.147-167
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• 1999

1. 연구 목적 한국의학사(韓國醫學史)의 한 분야인 식품사(食品史) 및 약물사(藥物史)는 미개척분야라 해도 과언은 아닐 정도로 연구 업적이 부족하다. 특히 식물명칭에 대한 정리는 기초학문이지만 방치되어진 것도 부인할 수 없다. 따라서 본고는 식품문화사(食品文化史)를 정리하는 과정중의 일환으로 고추의 어원(語源)을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다. 이는 식품사(食品史) 연구에 도움이 되는 동시에 체질식이요법을 강조하는 사상의학(四象醫學)의 식품 분류에 대한 학술적 근거를 제시하는 계기로 삼고자 한다. 1493년 콜럼버스에 의해 알려진 고추는 우리 나라에 들어와 천초(川椒)대신 사용됨으로서 현재 중요한 양념이 되었다. 이에 고추의 도입과정과 호칭변화를 살펴봄으로서 현재 사전류에서 잘못 서술되고 있는 것을 시정하고, 고추가 도입된 이래 우리가 어떻게 이해하고 응용하였는 지에 대하여 문헌고찰을 통하여 의학사적(醫學史的) 입장으로 정리하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 2. 연구 방법 "산림경제(山林經濟)"(1715), "임원경제지(林園經濟志)"(1827)같은 농서(農書), "물명고(物名考)"(1830), "오주연문장전산고(五洲衍文長箋散稿)"(1850) 같은 유서(類書), "훈몽자회(訓蒙字會)"(1527), "신증유합(新增類合)"(1574)같은 사전류, "지봉유설(芝峰類說)"(1614), "성호사설(星湖僿說)"(1763)같은 문집류, "흠정수시통고(欽定授時通考)"(1737), "본초강목습유(本草綱目拾遺)"(1765)같은 중국본초서(中國本草書) 등과 국내의서 등 을 통하여 고추에 대한 문헌정리를 시도하였다. 3. 연구 결과 고추가 도입된 이래 남만초(南蠻椒), 남초(南椒), 번초(番椒), 왜초(倭椒), 왜고초(倭苦椒), 왜개자(倭芥子), 고초(苦椒), 랄가(辣茄), 고쵸, 등으로 표기되어 왔다. 하지만 고추가 도입되기 전에 출간된 "구급간이방(救急簡易方)"(1489)에 '초(椒) 고쵸, 죠피'라는 기록이 나온다. 이는 천초(川椒)(초피나무)를 의미하는 '고쵸'로 보아야 한다. 후에 고추가 도입됨에 따라 의미가 변하여 고추를 의미하게 되는데 이를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현존하는 문헌 중 고추에 대한 최고기록인 "지봉유설(芝峰類說)"(1614)에 근거하여 고추(남만초(南蠻椒))는 임진왜란때 일본에서 도입되었다는 것이 정설이었다. 하지만 임진왜란 이전에 일본을 통하여 고추가 도입되었고 이의 개량종을 오히려 임진왜란때 일본으로 전해주었을 가능성이 높다. 둘째, 현재 대부분의 사전류에서 "훈몽자회(訓蒙字會)"(1527)의 '고쵸 쵸(초(椒))'를 고추에 대한 최초의 어원으로 보고 있으나 이는 잘못된 것이다. "훈몽자회(訓蒙字會)"의 '고쵸(초(椒))'는 고추가 아닌 매운 열매의 총칭으로 호초(胡椒), 천초(川椒), 진초(秦椒)를 의미한다. 이는 "구급간이방(救急簡易方)"(1489)의 천초(川椒)를 의미하는 '초(椒) 고쵸'에서도 확인할 수 있다. 셋째, 현재 대부분의 사전류에서 고추의 한문표기가 고초(苦草)로 되어 있으나 고초(苦椒)로 정정되어져야 한다. 초(草)(상성(上聲))와 초(椒)(평성(平聲))는 발음은 같지만 성조(聲調)가 다르며, 또한 "본사(本史)"(1787)에 고초(苦椒)와 고초(苦草)는 서로 다른 식물로 기록되어 있다. 넷째, 고초(苦椒)는 '고쵸'라는 우리말에 맞추어 만든 국자(國字)로 고추가 천초(川椒)와 비슷하지만 맵고 쓰다라는 뜻으로 사용된 것이다. 다섯째, 맵고 뜨거운 성질이 있는 고추는 냉증(冷症)을 유발시킬 수 있는 냉성(冷性)야채를 중화(中和)시키는 작용을 한다. 여섯째, 고추는 소음인 식품의 경향성을 띈 훈채류에 속한다.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.17
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• pp.85-100
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• 2016

The Bukji-ri Stone Pensive Bodhisattva of Bonghwa in the collection of Kyungpook National University Museum was transported to the National Museum of Korea for display in a special exhibition('Masterpieces of Early Buddhist Sculpture 100 BCE - 700 CE') and therefore underwent conservation ahead of the exhibition's start date. The stone sculpture had visibly encrusted surface dirt, granular disintegration and fissures upon arrival. Notably, a crack running obliquely across its lower half rendered the object unable to support its own weight without a pedestal, so one was created in order to maintain the sculpture in an upright position while on exhibition. The sculpture was further examined using a polarizing microscope and a stereoscopic microscope. SEM-EDS resulted in petrographic analysis of the stone's mineral composition and identification of its surface contaminants. Polarizing light microscopy confirmed biotite granite as the main mineral component of the object. Several urethane resins cast in round cross-sections were inserted into the newly made pedestal and stability tests were perform to measure the frictional force of the resins. An additional test was performed to compare urethane resin and epoxy resin, with results showing urethane to have a higher coefficient of friction. Utilizing a pedestal with urethane resin effectively ensured the stability of the Bukji-ri Stone Pensive Bodhisattva of Bonghwa during the aforementioned exhibition.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 1987

Pathogenicity of nine Rhizoctonia solani isolates of different anastomosis groups (AG) on seed and hypocotyls of red pepper, cucumber, Chinese cabbage and radish varied considerably from nonvirulent to highly virulent. Rhizoctonia solani AG 1 was highly virulent on the above four plant species. AG 2 type 1 was highly virulent on radish and Chinese cabbage, moderately virulent on red pepper, and AG 2 type 2 was avirulent or weakly virulent except red pepper. R. solani AG 5 was moderately virulent on hosts tested. In general, virulence of the R. solani isolates to a given host varied among anastomosis groups, but not within anastomosis groups. Anastomosis groups lacked host specificity. The pathogenicity was stronger in steam-sterilized soil than in non-sterilized field soil, if the inoculated plants were closely related with orginal host from which the pathogen was isolated. On the other hand, pathogen was more virulent in non-sterilized field soil than in steam-sterilized soil, if the inoculated ones were not closely related. Generally, contrary to other soil-brone plant pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia isolates tended to be more virulent in non-sterilized field soil than in the same soil which had been steamed. A potential danger of building up propagules of R. solani in southern horticultural area are discussed in terms of cropping system.