• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.7 s.93
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• pp.7-14
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• 2006

Most researches about rumble strips have Presented only the before-and-after analysis of the accidents. So, Researchers have not dealt with the estimation of rumble strip's effectiveness on the driver's alertness. In this study. the effectiveness of the rumble strips on the driver's alertness was estimated by measuring the bio-signal transmitted from the driver. The bio-signal acquired for this experiments were theta wave in central lobe. The experimental results revealed that the theta waves as measured form the drivers's head while in the rumble strip section differed from those while in non-rumbled section; 74 percent decrease in theta wave value, respectively. This fact finding could mean that the driver's alertness increased from 74 percent while in the rumble strip section of the road. In all five trials of driving experiments on the rumble strip section, all the drivers showed the best alertness as measured by the theta waves in the first driving trial.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.397-400
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• 2015

Due to the anesthesia process is inappropriate on the operation, awakening state was appeared. Because of that patients suffered from severe mental and physical pain. To prevent the state, it is necessary to monitor the patients by measuring the depth of anesthesia. In this study, we investigate the possibility of the development of actual surgery available quantitative indicators. The DFA(detrended fluctuation analysis) which is included the correlation property of the EEG is used to analysis the depth of anesthesia and bispctrum index. In the results, at the pre-operation, the peak of bispectrum was widely distributed, DFA value was decreased. At the during operation, bispectrum was concentrically appeared in the low frequency area. At the post operation, bispectrum and DFA was both returned to the pre-operation state. As a result, we confirmed to be close correlation between the peaks of the bispectrum and DFA value.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.104-104
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• 2020

꼭두서니과 커피속 식물의주요 2차대사산물인 카페인은 커피나무, 카카오, 차나무 등에서 관찰되는 알칼로이드 화합물로 다른 식물의 발아 억제, 살충 기능이 알려져 있다. 인체에 있어 카페인은 각성효과가 있어 수면 장애나 불안을 유발할 수 있으며 섭취를 중단 시 졸음, 두통 등 금단 증상을 나타나기도 한다. 최근 다양한 식물 종과 부위를 이용한 차 문화가 확산되고 있는 바, 본 연구는 시중에서 판매되고 있는 커피 2종류과 녹차 2종류를 비롯하여 꽃차 37종류, 잎차 15종류, 씨앗차 2종류, 열매차 1종류 및 뿌리차 2종류를 대상으로 메탄올 추출 후 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry를 이용하여 카페인 함량에 대한 정성, 정량 분석을 수행하였다. 대조로 사용된 시판 커피 2개사 제품은 각각 1.18 mg/g, 35.94 mg/g의 caffeine 함량을 나타냈으며 시판 녹차 티백 제품 2종은 1.3 mg/g, 3.42 mg/g의 함량을 나타내었다. 조사된 37종의 꽃차 중에는 차나무 꽃차에서만 1.50 mg/g 수준의 caffeine이 검출되었을 뿐 국내 소비가 확대되고 있는 구절초, 국화, 금계국, 금목서, 금어초, 금잔화, 노랑코스모스, 당아욱, 도라지, 동백나무, 뚱딴지, 라벤다, 마리골드(노랑), 마리골드(주황), 매화, 맨드라미, 무궁화, 백목련, 벚나무, 복사나무, 비단향꽃무, 생강나무, 수레국화, 아까시나무, 연꽃, 유채, 작약, 장미, 진달래, 천일홍, 캐모마일, 패랭이꽃, 팬지, 해당화, 홍화, 히비스커스 등 36종에서는 카페인이 검출되지 않았다. 잎차의 경우 레몬그라스, 레몬밤, 로즈마리, 뽕나무, 세인트존스워트, 스테비아, 쑥, 애플민트, 연잎, 적양배추, 조릿대, 차수국, 티트리, 파인애플민트, 페퍼민트 등 평가된 15종류 모두에서 카페인이 검출되지 않았으며, 씨앗차인 펜넬 및 작두콩, 열매차인 진피차, 뿌리차인 자색당근과 비트차에서 역시 카페인이 검출되지 않았다. 이상의 결과에 기초할 때, 시판되는 다양한 식물 종과 부위를 이용한 차의 경우 대부분 caffeine을 함유하지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.273-280
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• 2007

The study is to examine the psychophysiological responses evoked by negative emotions(fear and disgust) in children. 47 children(11-13 years old, 23 boys) participated in the study. While the children were experiencing fear or disgust emotion induced by audio-visual film clips, ECG, EDA, PPG and SKT are measured. Emotion assessment scale was used to confirm that emotions elicited by the film clips were significantly noticeable, which was measured self-report. The results turned out to be 100% and 89.4% of appropriate for fear and disgust emotions, respectively. Emotional intensity the children had experienced was rated as 4.05, 4.07 on 1-5 scale based on effectiveness of measurement of fear and disgust emotion. ANS reponses by fear and disgust were significantly between the resting state and emotional state induced. The result obtained from the fear emotion showed significant increases in SCL, NSCR, HR, RSA, RESP and HF. There was a significant difference in SCL and NSCR between the two emotions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.230-239
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• 1997

In order to investigate the composition and the actual condition of extractive nitrogenous constituents in Tohajeot (a salted and fermented freshwater shrimp, Caridina denticulata denticulata) and in seasoned Tohajeot which were sold in the markets, the extract was analyzed separately into extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, oligopeptides, nucleotides and related compounds, quaternary ammonium bases, and guanidino compounds, using specimens collected at the fish markets of Yosu and Naju cities in 1994 and 1995. The salinity of Tohajeot was very high $(23.6{\sim}25.1)%$, but seasoned Tohajeot was relatively low $(8.4{\sim}11.4%)$. The extractive nitrogen in the extracts of Tohajeot and seasoned Tohajeot was $311{\sim}531\;mg\;and\;256{\sim}429\;mg$, and the total of free amino acids in them were $1,159{\sim}2,584\;mg\;and\;1,012{\sim}1,672\;mg$ respectively. Glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, histidine, alanine, ornithine, and tyrosine were the major amino acids in Tohajeot extract, and glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, aspartic acid, histidine, leucine and alanine were the main amino acids in seasoned Tohajeot. As for nucleotides and related compounds in them were $2.64{\sim}4.82\;{\mu}mol\;and\;1.08{\sim}1.93\;{\mu}mol$ respectively. Homarine, trigonelline, glycinebetaine and ${\beta}-alaninebetaine$ were detected in them. Homarine was the most abundant, ranging from 18 mg to 86 mg, but the others were very low. The content of major nitrogenous constituents in Tohajeot extract, such as extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, oligopeptides, nucleotides and related compounds, and betaines, was more abundant than that in seasoned Tohajeot extract. But the nitrogenous constituents of Tohajeot extract were poorer than those of anchovy sauce which was sold in the markets. Possibly, the extractive nitrogenous components, which consisted of total betains, total free amino acids, and phenylalanine might be recommended as the quality indices of standardizing Tohajeot and seasoned Tohajeot.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.62-79
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• 2015

The Stele for State Preceptor Doseon and Seon Master Sumi of Dogapsa Temple in Yeongam was erected in the fourth month of 1653. It was made with stone obtained from Yeosan(present-day Yeosan-myeon, Iksansi), and contains an inscription - engraved in the spring of 1651 - commemorating the two priests. The project to erect the monument was led by eminent monks, including Gakseong and Sucho, with the support of royal patrons and powerful statesmen including Prince Inpyeong(1622~1658). This monument is thought to be the first of its kind to have a capstone in the shape of a 'dragon loop' handle of the kind traditionally attached to the top of a temple bell. Stone stelae with a dragon-loop-shaped capstone continued to be used by the royalty and nobility of Joseon until the 18th century. The inscription engraved on the rear face of the monument reveals that it was made by Jo Mal-ryong, a renowned stonemason who worked on stone monuments and figures for royal tombs in the mid-Joseon period. He is known as the only stonemason to have been awarded the third highest rank(Jeong-sampum) of government, including the posts of Grand Master(Tongjeong Daebu) and General(Jeolchung Janggun), as recorded in the inscription. The monument corroborates the prevalent view that he was the creator of monumental capstones of the highest aesthetic merit in Joseon, and provides valuable insights about the leading artisans who produced monumental stones for royal tombs in the 17th century. This particular monument is highly regarded as a valuable historical relic because of the detailed information contained in the inscription, including the dates, work processes, patrons and artisans related with its creation, and because it features outstanding workmanship by some of the greatest artisans of the period. The monument also provides important clues about the transition from the Buddhist monuments created under the auspices of the royalty and nobility of mid-period Joseon to the symbolic stone structures and figures made for the tombs of royalty and nobility.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2018

Objectives: Insomnia is one of the major concerns in the elderly population. Cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia is the first line treatment option, but there are some limitations including time and cost burdens and the requirement for sufficient cognitive resources to obtain a proper treatment effect. The Brief intervention for insomnia (BII) is a treatment that focuses on behavioral aspects of insomnia in primary care practices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of BII in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A total of 47 older adults with insomnia were enrolled from community centers between May 2016 and January 2018. They participated in the BII program for three weeks. We gathered sleep-related participant information with using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the Sleep hygiene index, and a sleep diary. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by comparing total sleep time (TST), sleep latency (SL), waking after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE) before and after the treatment. Results: There was significant improvement in sleep-related features after BII. Global score and sleep quality from the PSQI, freshness, and WASO from the sleep diary showed statistically significant improvement. Conclusion: We found BII showed positive clinical efficacy in community dwelling older adults, especially from the perspective of subjective sleep quality and WASO. This finding implies that BII can be effectively applied for the managment of elderly insomnia patients in a community setting.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2020

The purpose of this work is to suggest the optimal color temperature, which induces a sense of comfort for autonomous vehicle users through the analysis of biosignal using electroencephalography (EEG) and photoplethysmography (PPG). To achieve this purpose, we applied lighting with a color temperature of 3000 K, 4000 K, 5000 K, and 6000 K to the autonomous driving environment. We experimented in a laboratory equipped with a graphic driving simulator. The experimental procedure is as follows: 1) stabilization (5 min). 2) Uchida-Kraepelin test (3 min). 3) Automatic driving + lighting (3 min). This procedure was repeated four times under different color temperatures. We performed frequency analysis on a collected time-series data and calculated the power value for each frequency band through power spectrum analysis. In the case of EEG, we analyzed α- and β-waves, which are indicators of stability and arousal, respectively. In the case of PPG, we analyzed the sympathetic nervous system activity. To reduce deviations between the subjects, we normalized the data before analysis. The result of the first analysis revealed that α-wave increased only at 5000 K, while the β-wave increased at almost all color temperatures. In addition, in the case of PPG, sympathetic nervous system activity (SNSA) increased under driving conditions. The result of the second analysis revealed that the difference between β-wave and SNSA is insignificant. In conclusion, the increase in α-waves showed that EEG was most stable at 5000 K. The results of this study can be applied to the upcoming autonomous driving era to induce high driver satisfaction. Furthermore, this approach could eventually lead to the acceptance of autonomous vehicles by suggesting a positive effect of autonomous driving.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2010

Several experiments were conducted in growth chambers and a greenhouse to determine the influence of various environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Indian jointvetch. Fully matured seeds of Indian jointvetch germinated only 42%. The germination percent increased as the storage temperature increased with time. More than 90% seeds germinated when the seeds were kept at $40^{\circ}C$ for seven months, but germination was 58.9 and 55.1% when kept at 25 and $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. Non-dormant seeds of Indian jointvetch germinated 91.1 and 92.4% at 30 and $30/25^{\circ}C$, respectively. Germination percent increased with increasing both prethermal temperature and time. The prethermal temperature of $90^{\circ}C$ for 40 minutes was the best for maximum germination (94.5%). Germination and growth of Indian jointvetch tended to decrease slightly until -0.3 MPa osmotic potential (water stress induction) and then declined drastically and the seeds did not germinate at below -0.5 MPa osmotic potential. Indian jointvetch seems to grow well in moist and flooding conditions since emergence and growth of seedling increased with increasing soil moisture content and the water level.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2011

Objective: Diurnal preference is an attribute reflecting whether people are alert and preferring to be active either early or late in the day. It also referred to as chronotype or morningness-eveningness trait. The PER3 genes have been known to influence diurnal preference. In this study, we have investigated the associations between the PER3 gene polymorphisms and diurnal preference in a healthy young population, controlling for the social and environmental confounding factors. Methods: The participants in this experiment included 299 unrelated medical college students (M=191, F=108), with a mean age of 22.9 years. Diurnal preference was measured by a single administration of the 13-item Composite Scale for Morningness (CSM). Genotyping of the PER3 VNTR (rs57875989) was performed using polymerase chain reaction. A two-tailed alpha of 0.05 was chosen. Results: The mean${\pm}$SD score on the CSM scale for all subjects was 31.90${\pm}$6.39. There was no significant difference in total CSM score between gender groups, although females showed a trend towards higher morningness score. Although PER3 5R/5R showed the tendency towards high CSM scores, there were no significant differences on CSM scores among genotypes and allele status of PER3 VNTR (rs57875989). Conclusions: We could not confirm that the PER3 VNTR is associated with diurnal preference in a Korean healthy young population. The future studies need to investigate the association between diurnal preference and other polymorphisms of PER3 gene in larger sample of Korean young healthy population.