• Title/Summary/Keyword: 가혹 조건

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Numerical study on the thermal performance characteristics of the stack system for FCEV (연료전지 자동차용 스택 시스템의 열적 성능 특성에 관한 수치적 연구)

  • Lee, Ho-Seong;Lee, Moo-Yeon;Won, Jong-Phil
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.3708-3713
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    • 2015
  • The objective of this study is to numerically investigate the heat transfer rate for evaluating the thermal performances of the stack thermal system using the commercial software. In order to perform this, the cooling performances of the stack system for fuel cell electric vehicle were tested under both driving road conditions including the general driving road and uphill driving road and operating conditions with and without of the air conditioning system. The heat transfer rate of the stack radiator for the stack system was increased with the increase of the inlet air flow velocity. The heat transfer rate of the stack radiator increased by 105.3% at the coolant flow rate of 20 l/min and 221.3% at the coolant flow rate of 120 l/min with the increase of the air flow velocity from 2 m/s to 10 m/s. $9.45^{\circ}C$ of inlet coolant temperature of the stack radiator at the severe driving condition of the slope of 8% and velocity of 50 km/h showed higher 85.3% than $5.1^{\circ}C$ of inlet coolant temperature at the general driving condition of the slope of 0% and velocity of 120 km/h. In addition, as the fuel cell electric vehicle with the air conditioning system operation was driving under severe uphill driving condition, the radiator coolant temperature for a stable stack operation could be exceeded over $70^{\circ}C$.

Electric Degradation of Failure Mode of Solar Cell by Thermal Shock Test (열충격 시험 후 태양전지 파괴 모드에 따른 전기적 특성변화)

  • Kang, Min-Soo;Jeon, Yu-Jae;Shin, Young-Eui
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.327-332
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    • 2013
  • 일본 연구에서는 열충격 시험을 통한 태양전지의 파괴모드에 따른 전기적 특성을 분석하였다. 시편은 Photovoltaic Module을 만들기 전 3 line Ribbon을 Tabbing한 단결정 Solar Cell을 제작하였다. 열충격 시험 Test 1의 온도조건은 저온 $-40^{\circ}C$, 고온 $85^{\circ}C$, Test 2는 저온 $-40^{\circ}C$, 고온 $120^{\circ}C$에서 Ramping Time을 포함하여 각각 15분씩, 총 30분을 1사이클로 500사이클을 각각의 조건으로 수행하였다. 열충격 시험 후 Test 1에서는 4.0%의 효율 감소율과 1.5%의 Fill Factor 감소율을 확인하였으며, Test 2에서는 24.5%의 효율 감소율과 11.8%의 Fill Factor 감소율을 확인하였다. EL(Electroluminescence)촬영 및 단면을 분석한 결과, Test 1과 Test 2 시편 모두 Cell 표면 및 내부에서의 Crack이 발견되었다. 하지만, Test 2의 시험이 Test 1보다 가혹한 온도조건의 시험으로 인해 Test 1에서 나타나지 않았던, Cell 파괴를 Test 2에서 확인하였다. 결국, Test 1에서 효율의 직접적인 감소 원인은 Cell 내부에서의 Crack이며, Test 2에서는 Cell 내부에서의 Crack 및 Cell 파괴로 인한 Cell 자체의 성능저하로 효율이 크게 감소한다는 것을 본 실험을 통하여 규명하였다.

A Study on the Worst Stress Condition Test Evaluation of Blowers for Small Stationary Fuel Cell System (소용량 건물용 연료전지시스템 블로워의 가혹조건 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kangsoo;Lee, Deokkwon;Lee, Jungwoon;Kim, Eunjung;Kim, Inchan;Kim, Younggyu;Shin, Hunyong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.34-40
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    • 2012
  • The fuel cell is one of the renewable energy sources. And it is a new source of energy that can be applied to various fuels and continuously supported by the excellent city-gas infrastructure. It is important to improve performances and reliabilities, and reduce the cost of fuel cell systems for commercialization. And, some safety performances of blower domestically produced are evaluated and some improvements are researched to save the cost of fuel cell systems. In this paper, the performance and worst stress condition of blowers are evaluated in operating environment similar to the fuel cell systems. Actually, the correlation of flow, leakage and thermal behavior are evaluated in the worst stress condition at $70^{\circ}C$ and, some major factors of blower degradation such as a motor deterioration, material and structures of the outlet are examined.

A Comparative Study on Green Liquor Pre-Pulping Extraction of Mixed Hardwood Chips (혼합 하드우드 칩으로부터 녹액(Green Liqour)선-펄핑추출 공정에 관한 연구)

  • Um, Byung-Hwan
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.51 no.5
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    • pp.561-567
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    • 2013
  • Mixed hardwood chips were pre-pulping extracted with green liquor prior to kraft pulping in order to recover hemicelluloses for use as biofuels. This green liquor solution containing mainly sodium sulfide and sodium carbonate was applied at different alkali charges (expressed as $Na_2O$) of 0, 1, 3, and 5% on dry wood weight. The extractions were performed at $160^{\circ}C$ for residence times ranging from about 1-2 h to determine the effect of extraction severity on composition of the pre-pulping extract. The severity of hemicellulose extraction time and green liquor charge controls the concentration of acetic acid and monosaccharide sugars available for downstream processing, the accumulation of degradation products such as organic acids and furans in the extract. As the alkali charge was increased, the amount of acetate side chains on the hemicelluloses and the dissolved lignin in the extract increased but the carbohydrate and sugars in the extract decreased appreciably. Hot water extraction (0% alkali addition) released the greatest amount of carbohydrates, up to 29.80 g/L measured as component sugars, but resulted in the greatest decrease in pulp yield. Meanwhile, pre-pulping extraction with 3% green liquor increased the pulp yield while greatly reducing the component sugars to 7.08 g/L. Fundamental data obtained in this study will allow selection of optimum hemicellulose extraction conditions for integrating the extraction operation into the Kraft pulping process.

Comparative Effects of Gamma Irradiation and Phosphine Fumigation on Lipid-Related Components of White Ginseng During Post-Treatment Period (감마선과 Phosphine 처리가 백삼의 지방질 관련 성분에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon, Joong-Ho;Lee, Jung-Eun;Jeong, Seong-Weon;Choi, Kang-Ju
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.1447-1452
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    • 1999
  • Lipid-related components were comparatively investigated for white ginseng when exposed to both phosphine fumigation and gamma irradiation at 5 kGy or less, which were found effective for improving its biological quality. Fumigation resulted in the increase in pH of the sample, and thereafter it showed a decreasing tendency in all samples during storage for 6 months at ambient $(20^{circ}C/70%\;RH)$ and accelerated $(40^{\circ}C/90%\;RH)$ conditions. The severe conditions led to an apparent browning of the stored samples without significant differences among them, while the sample stored at ambient condition showed negligible changes in its color up to 6 months. The development of browning in the stored sample was in proportional to hydrogen donating ability of the corresponding sample extract. TBA value increased by gamma irradiation gradually decreased with storage time, showing similar values to that of other samples, whereas carbonyl value gradually increased in all samples. Both fumigation and gamma irradiation caused negligible changes in fatty acid composition; however, a partial increase in saturated fatty acid composition and some decrease in polyunsaturated ones were observed with the storage time.

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Comparison of Characteristics of Acid-catalyzed Hydrothermal Fractionation for Production of Hemicellulose Hydrolyzate from Agricultural Residues (농경잔류물로부터 헤미셀룰로오스 가수분해물 생산을 위한 산촉매 열수 분별공정의 특성 비교)

  • Hwang, Jong Seo;Oh, Kyeong Keun;Yoo, Kyung Seun
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.60 no.3
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    • pp.414-422
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    • 2022
  • The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of acid-catalyzed hydrothermal fractionation for maximum solubilization of the hemicellulosic portion of two typical agricultural residues. The fractionation conditions converted into combined reaction severity (CS) in the range of 1.2-2.9 was used to establish a simple reaction criteria at glance. The hemicellulosic sugar yield of 56.6% was shown when rice straw was fractionated at the conditions at the conditions; 160 ℃ of temperature 0.75% (w/v) of H2SO4, 20 min of reaction time, 1:15 solid/liquid ratio. The hemicellulosic sugar yield of 83.0%, however, was achieved when barley straw was fractionated at the conditions at the conditions; 150 ℃ of temperature 0.75% (w/v) of H2SO4, and 15 min of reaction time, 1:10 solid/liquid ratio. For barley straw, acid-catalyzed hydrothermal fractionation could be effectively performed. After the fractionation process, the remaining fractionated solids were 48.5% and 57.5% from raw rice and barley straws, respectively. The XMG contents in the solid residues decreased from 17.3% and 17.6% to 6.0% and 2.6%, which corresponded to 16.7% and 8.5% on the basis of the raw straws, respectively. In another way, only 5.6% of cellulose and 8.5% of XMG were lost due to excessive decomposition during the acid-catalyzed hydrothermal fractionation of barley straw, compared to cellulose and XMG losses of 6.4% and 26.6% in rice straw. Hemicellulosic sugars from the rice straw were considered more over-decomposed due to the somewhat higher reaction severity at the acid-catalyzed hydrothermal fractionation.

Implementation of Software for the Brake Test in the Vehicle using the LabView (LabView를 이용한 자동차 제동시험 S/W 구현)

  • Kang, Jun-Hwan;Kim, Sun-Hyung
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.752-757
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, studied Measuring Equipment for Brake Test provided to test a braking distance and stability on various conditions while at stop/drive. It ensures an objectivity, repeatability and reproducibility for a brake test, which may be applied to various types of braking distance and stability tests anywhere in the world. With Measuring S/W for Brake Test mounted on the vehicle while at stop/drive, braking distance and stability were examined under conditions specified of NCAP and vehicle manufactures A and B's own test, which was available under all conditions and even harder ones to confirm this measuring S/W for brake test be applicable for any changed conditions for the future.

기술현황분석 - 하이브리드 굴삭기 동력전달계 주요부품의 신뢰성 평가기술 개발

  • Park, Jong-Won;Jeong, Dong-Su;Kim, Hyeong-Ui
    • 기계와재료
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.190-198
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    • 2011
  • 하이브리드 굴삭기는 에너지 재생 및 연비향상을 위하여 기존의 유압부품들 중 일부를 전기부품으로 대체하여 시스템을 구성하고 있다. 따라서, 하이브리드 굴삭기의 신뢰성을 평가하고 보장하기 위해서는 기계적인 부하와 전기적인 부하가 복합적으로 영향을 미쳐 발생되는 고장모드를 고려하여 신뢰성평가기법을 개발하여야 한다. 특히 하이브리드 굴삭기는 가혹한 실외 환경조건에서 운용되므로 새롭게 개발되는 부품들에 대하여 설계 결함을 조기에 발견하기 위한 복합 내환경 시험과 초가속 수명시험이 수행되어야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 FMEA, FMECA, FTA 및 HALT 등의 다양한 신뢰성 기법을 사용하여 하이브리드 굴삭기의 신뢰성평가기법을 개발하였고, 개발대상 하이브리드 굴삭기의 주요 동력전달 파트인 선회구동 시스템에 대한 신뢰성평가장비를 개발하고 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 하이브리드 굴삭기 신뢰성평가기법은 하이브리드 자동차의 부품들에 대한 신뢰성평가에도 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

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CF4/O2 혼합가스 플라즈마 환경에 대한 AAO (Anodic Aluminum oxide) 피막의 오염입자 특성 분석

  • Lee, Seung-Su;Choe, Sin-Ho;O, Eun-Sun;Sin, Jae-Su;Kim, Jin-Tae;Yun, Ju-Yeong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2015.08a
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    • pp.102.1-102.1
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    • 2015
  • 플라즈마를 이용한 건식식각공정은 식각하고자 하는 기판과 더불어 챔버 내부를 구성하고 있는 부품들이 플라즈마에 함께 노출되는 환경이다. 챔버 내부가 장시간 플라즈마에 노출되어 열화 되면 기판의 불량을 야기하는 오염입자의 발생이 증가하므로 양산 공정에서는 그 때마다 내부 부품을 교체하여 청정한 공정 환경을 유지시킨다. 공정 챔버의 내부 부품은 플라즈마로 인한 열화를 방지하기 위하여 내플라즈마성이 우수하다고 알려진 코팅처리를 하여 사용한다. 금까지 플라즈마 식각 공정에 관한 연구는 식각하고자 하는 기판관점에서 활발히 이루어져 왔으나 내플라즈마성 코팅소재 관점에서의 연구 보고는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 장시간의 양산공정을 모사하는 가혹한 플라즈마 조건에서 $CF_4/O_2$ 혼합가스를 사용하여 AAO (Anodic Aluminum oxide)피막의 오염입자 특성을 실시간 모니터링 하는 동시에 OES 분석을 수행하여 내플라즈마성 코팅소재의 오염입자 발생 메커니즘에 대하여 분석하였다.

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고온재료의 재료특성 변화

  • 정세희;김정기
    • Journal of the KSME
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.326-334
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    • 1992
  • 고온설비에 사용되고 있는 고온재료의 재료 특성변화와 이의 평가방법에 대하여 극히 제한된 범위에서 개략적으로 기술하였다. 이러한 고온설비의 재질열화에 대한 대책은 고온재료의 성능 한계 가까이에서 사용되는 초임 계압 화력발전설비 등을 비교적 조기에 도입한 선진국 공통의 문제로 되고 있다. 우리 나라에서도 최근 발전설비의 보일러 및 터빈을 비롯하여 석유화학 설 비의 압력용기 등과 같이 고온 . 고압하에서 장시간의 운전이력을 갖는 고온기기의 수가 증가 하는 상태에 있고, 급속한 경계규모의 확대와 쾌적한 생활환경의 선호추세로 에너지의 수요가 급증하고 있어서 이들 고온설비의 합리적 이용을 도모하기 위하여 고효율화가 요구되므로 이들 설비의 사용조건은 더욱 가혹해지고 있어서 시급히 해결해야 할 과제로 되고 있다. 이를 원활 하게 해결하기 위해서는 산 . 학. 연의 공동연구를 통하여 종합적이고 체계적인 연구가 절실하게 요구되며, 상호 습득하고 있는 정보교환도 중요하다

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