• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1251-1257
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• 2009

We investigated the growth inhibitory effect of internal organs of Todarodes pacificus (TP) on proliferation in human cancer cell lines in vitro. The internal organs of TP were extracted with methanol (TPM), which was then further fractionated into four subfractions by using a solvent partition method, resulting in hexane (TPMH), methanol (TPMM), butanol (TPMB), and aqueous (TPMA) soluble fractions. We determined the cytotoxic effect of these four fractions in three kinds of cancer cell lines - HepG2, MCF-7 and HT-29 - by MTT assay. Among the four subfractions of TPM, TPMH showed the strongest cytotoxic effects at a concentration of $300{\mu}g$/ml, displaying 91.56% on the HepG2 cell line and 85.93% on the MCF-7 cell line. Morphological changes such as membrane shirinking and blebbing of cells were also observed during TPMH treatment of HepG2 cells. In addition, we also observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effect in the methanol (TPMM) layer of HepG2 cells. TPMM showed the highest induction activity of quinone reductase on HepG2 cells among the other partition layers. The QR induced effect of TPMM was determined to be 2.7 at a level of $360{\mu}g$/ml with a control value of 1.0. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that internal organs of Todarodes pacificus (TP) may be a chemopreventive agent for the treatment of human cells.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.205-223
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• 1999

이 학습은 단기간과 장기간으로 나누어 연구한 화제적인 회상을 중심으로 이야기 구술과 가장놀이의 그 효과들을 탐구하고 논증(Demonstration)하였다. 특별히 이 학습은 어린이들이 가장놀이의 연기와 구술을 하는 동안에 인지변화들을 동일시하고 시험하였다. 교육자들과 연구자들은 제안하기를 놀이와 이야기를 말하는 것은 한 사건의 인지적인 모형으로 유치원 어린이들이 기초적인 기교(Skill)를 배우는 것으로서 상징의 흐름(Stream of Symbolization)안에서 동시에 나타난다고 시사하고 있다. 가장놀이(Pretend Play)는 인지 발달과 사회성 발달 안에서 중요한 영역으로 오랫동안 고려되어져 오기도 했었다. 그런 의미에서 이 학습은 이야기 구술과 가장놀이, 단기간과 장기간의 기억력, encoding and inference 그리고 그것들의 상호관계들에 대한 발달적인 차이들에 초점을 두었다. 그 data에 의하면 화제적인 회상을 효율화하고 있는 가운데서 이야기 말하기와 가장놀이 사이에 유효한 차이가 있었음을 보여주었다. 그 data는 또한 encode에 대한 질문이 inferences의 능력을 초과했다는 것을 지적하기도 했다. 다시 말해서 그 어린이들은 inferences를 만드는 능력이 향상하지 않았음에도 이야기 구술과 가장놀이에 참여할 수 있었다. 이것은 즉 Inferences는 좀더 복잡한 인지 기교들을 요구하고 있었을 뿐, 이야기 구술과 가장놀이의 향상에는 관계하지 않았다는 것을 말해주고 있다. 또한 단기간과 장기간의 조건사이에는 유효한 차이가 있지 않았다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.877-884
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• 2010

We investigated the growth inhibitory effect of internal organs of Aplysia kurodai (AK) on proliferation in cancer cell lines in vitro. The internal organs of AK were extracted with methanol (AKM), which were then further fractionated into four subfractions by using solvent partition method, resulting in hexane (AKMH), methanol (AKMM), butanol (AKMB), and aqueous (AKMA) soluble fractions. We determined the cytotoxic effect of these four fractions in four kinds of cancer cell lines - HepG2, MCF-7, HT29 and B16-F10 - by MTT assay. Among the four subfractions of AKM, AKMM showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines which were used. Morphological changes such as membrane shrinking and blebbing of cells were also observed in AKMM treatment in HepG2 cells. In addition, we also observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effect in the methanol layer (AKMM) of HepG2 cells. AKMM showed the highest induction activity of quinone reductase on HepG2 cells among the partition layers. The QR induced effect of AKMM was determined to be 2.4 at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ level with a control value of 1.0. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that internal organs of Aplysia kurodai (AK) may be a chemopreventive agent for the treatment of human cells.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.532-538
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out to establish the efficiency of crop breeding on comparison of combination methods of single, 3-way, and double crosses and combination order of 4 winter wheat which were different in origin, source, and plant types, On comparison of 4 crossing modes, there appeared the earliest heading and the highest grain yield in double cross, and decreased in 3-way. single crosses. and parents in order, There showed the significant mean squares of GCA and SCA in 4${\times}$4 diallel analysis for grain yield and yield components. Grumil and Bezostaya 1 exhibited highest GCA effect of grain yield which appeared the actual highest grain yield. There appeared the highest SCA-effect in F$_1$ (Eunpamil/Bezostaya 1) showing 4.22. Of the 3 double crosses there exhibited the highest grain yield in F$_1$ (Grumil/Eunpamil/ /Lanota/Bezostaya 1). Two single crosses for this double cross ---F$_1$ (Grumil/Eunpamil) and F$_1$ (Lancota/Bezostaya 1) --- do not revealed directly for this yield, but combined each other by chromosome switch as combination of F$_1$ (Grumil/Lancota), F$_1$(Grumil/Bezostaya 1), F$_1$(Eunpamil/Lancota) and F$_1$(Eunpamil/Bezostaya 1) which appeared the higher grain yields and SCA-effects. Of the six 3-way crosses. F$_1$ (Lancota/Bezostaya 1/ /Eunpamil) expressed the highest grain yield. Its combinations were F$_1$ (Lancota/Eunpamil) and F$_1$ (Bezostaya 1/Eunpamil) combined by chromosome switch, which its grain yield and SCA-effect were higher.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1045-1051
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• 1997

Three kinds of model melanoidins adjusted to have the same brown color intensity were made from glucose-glycine, glucose-lysine, xylose-arginine and their antioxidative properties were determined. The antioxidative activities of these model melanoidins in linoleic acid emulsion system were determined by ferric thiocyanate method, conjugated diene contents, peroxide value and electron donating ability by DPPH. Xylose-arginine melanoidin showed the strongest antioxidative activity and electron donating ability. The antioxidative effect of melanoidin could be reliably predicted by determining peroxide value and DPPH method. Each melanoidin was separated on Sephadex G-50 column, and brown color intensity, reducing power, ninhydrin positive reaction and antioxidative activity of each fraction were determined. The antioxidative activities of melanoidin fractions showed strong correlation with their brown color intensity and especially to their reducing power. In spite of same brown color intensity, there is no big differences between these model melanoidins, thus xylose-arginine showing strongest antioxidative activity followed by glucose-lysine and glucose-glycine melanoidin. Xylose-arginine melanoidin also showed the strongest electron donating activity and broad range of reducing power when fractionated on Sephadex G-50, which was different tendency from the other model melanoidin.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.259-268
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• 2020

The purpose of our study is to conduct a general·quantitative analysis of fandom activities and verify their organization types and effects. The results are as follows. With regard to the comparison of effect size, the variable related to the social and economic field showed the greatest effect size, which was followed by individual behavior and individual mentality. In terms of influential factors of fandom activities, the effect size of positive variables was intermediate level while the effect size of negative variables was low level. In addition, the effect size of fandom supporting idol groups was the greatest, which was followed by of fandoms supporting sports stars, and actors. In terms of the effect size with regard to the influence on fandom among the objects of study, the effect size of university students was the greatest, which was followed by the whole, adult, middle and high school student, and middle school student. Meanwhile, the result of the analysis according to the classification by country showed that China had the greatest effect size, and the US also showed quite a big effect size. On the other hand, South Korea showed a low level of effect size.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 1996

Oriental melon and watermelon plants were cultivated in the soil treated with bioceramics in a greenhouse during summer season from June 1st to August 20th, 1995. Two application methods were employed, one was a mixed treatment of soil and bioceramics, and the other was a spray treatment of bioceramic solution on the stems and leaves. And two types of bioceramics were also stopped by five levels. In order to analyze the bioceramic effect on oriental melon and watermelon, the growth rate of stems, leaves and fruits were measured in the greenhouse. After harvest, the sweetness of fruits was measured and the freshness of fruits based on the storage period was tested by human taste and smell sense. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The growth rates of stems, leaves and fruits of oriental melon and watermelon were the largest in the bioceramic treatment of No. 3. 2. The density of oriental melon and watermelon was the largest in the bioceramic treatment of No. 3 and No. 2 respectively. 3. The Brix number of watermelon was 10.6 in non-bioceramic treatment and 11.5 in the bioceramic treatment of No. 2, and that of oriental melon was 8.6 in non-bioceramic treatment and 12.3 in the bioceramic treatment of No. 2. 4. The storage duration of watermelon treated with bioceramics was about 50 days in the condition of the ambient temperature of 25-3$0^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1221-1225
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• 2003

As an effort to select powerful anti-cariogenic materials from natural resources, various plant extracts were examined for their anti-S. mutans and anti-glucosyltransferase (GTase) activities. The ethanol extracts of licorice bark, which was produced after water extraction of licorice, showed the most powerful anti-S. mutans as well as anti-GTase activities. When licorice bark was consecutively fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and butanol, the chloroform fraction exhibited the strongest anti-S. mutans activites. This fraction was further fractionated into 4 fractions through a silica gel column, and according to HPLC analysis, anti-S. mutant activities seemed to come mostly from relatively hydrophobic materials.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2001

The inhibitory effects of xanthine oxidase by the methanol extract and the solvent fractions obtained from persimmon leaves were investigated. The inhibition ratio of xanthine oxidase was 78% by addition of 2.0mg/ml of the methanol extract. Among the solvent fractions, the ethylacetate fraction showed the strongest inhibitory effect against the xanthine oxidase, followed by the hexane fraction. The effect increased with addition of the ethylacetate fraction. At a concentration of 2.0mg/ml of the ethylacetate fraction, 65% of the enzyme activity decreased within 1.0 min of incubation with xanthine oxidase. But the activity of xanthine oxidise did not decrease significantly by the length of the incubation time.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.93-125
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 네트워크 특성을 반영하여 생산성을 분할함에 있어 1인당 소비량 효과, 소비자 밀도 효과, 시스템 규모 효과 등을 추가적인 원인요소로 고려하는 네트워크 산업 생산성 분석 방법론을 제시하고, 이 방법론을 천연가스산업에 적용하여, 한국, 미국, 캐나다, 프랑스, 이태리, 일본의 가스산업 생산성에 대한 국제비교분석을 수행하였다. 실증분석 결과, 미국과 캐나다의 경우, 생산성 증대(productivity growth)의 가장 주요한 요소가 1인당 소비량 증대 효과로 나타났으며, 일본과 프랑스의 경우 기술진보, 그리고 이태리의 경우 주로 소비자 밀도변화를 통해 생산성 증가가 이루어졌음을 알 수 있었다. 한국의 경우에는 시스템 확장과 1인당 소비량 증가가 생산성을 증가시킨 주요 요인으로 나타났다. 또한 생산성 수준 격차의 국제비교 결과, 한국의 생산성 수준은 일본을 제외하고 가장 낮은 수준에 있으며, 이러한 생산성 격차 (productivity difference) 의 주원인은 1인당 소비량 차이에서 발생한 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 생산성 증대를 위해서는 1인당 소비량 증진을 위한 산업 정책의 추진이 가장 긴요한 것임을 알 수 있었다.